Pharm Unit 1 Topics Flashcards
The amount of time needed for the plasma concentration to drop 50% after the drug is discontinued.
Half life (elimination). T1/2
A continuous, therapeutic effect is achieved once a ___ ___ level is reached in the plasma
Steady state.
A strategy to get a higher serum level immediately using a larger dose.
Loading dose.
No peaks or troughs in medication delivery.
Continuous infusion.
Has peaks and troughs.
Intermittent dose.
3 checks of Medication administration.
- When you receive the meds. 2. When you prepare the meds. 3. When you bring the meds to the patient.
5 Rights of Medication administration.
- patient. 2. dose. 3. drug. 4. route. 5. time. (reason & documentation).
MAR=
Medication Administration Record.
Fried’s rule of dosing:
Child’s dose=(age in months x adult dose)/150.
Young’s rule of dosing:
Child’s dose=(child’s age in years x adult dose)/(child’s age + 12).
Clark’s rule of dosing:
Child’s dose=(child’s weight in pounds x adult dose)/150.
Body Surface Area calculation (BSA)=
Child’s dose=(child’s BSA/1.73) x adult dose.
The teratogenic effects from a drug in a fetus occur between how many days?
days 18-60.
LMP=
Last mentrual period.
Pregnancy Category A:
Possibility for fetal harm is remote.
Pregnancy Category B:
Fairly safe, not proven completely safe.
Pregnancy Category C:
Meds should only be given if potential benefit outweighs risk to the fetus.
Pregnancy Category D:
Evidence of human fetal risk, use in a life-threatening situation.
Pregnancy Category X:
Fetal abnormalities proven, absolutely do not give to any pregnant woman, or woman possibly pregnant.
Drugs to NEVER use during pregnancy:
Anticonvulsants, statins, HTN RAS-blockade drugs, tetracyclines, sulfa drugs, quinolones.
Times to safely give a breastfeeding woman drugs:
30-45 minutes after breastfeeding, 3-4 hours before next feeding.
Known drugs children and infants are intolerant to (6):
- Benzyl alcohol. 2. BP meds. 3. Arthritis meds. 4. Iron (Fe). 5. Aluminum. 6. Tetracyclines and Quinolones.
Using multiple drugs daily.
Polypharmacy.
This person has the ability to assess, test, diagnose, generate a plan of care/treatment, and implement the plan of care/treatment.
The provider.
This route of administration can be self-administered and must withstand stomach acid (pH=2).
Oral (PO).
Placed on or under the tongue, goes directly into the bloodstream.
Oral Disintegrating tablets (ODT).
Direct absorption with systemic blood via sub-lingual capillary bed.
Sublingual (SL).
Absorption into lower half of the rectum into IVC, may slip upwards into hemorrhoidal vein and have first-pass effect.
Rectal (PR).
Powders, sprays and crystals.
Inhalational.
Local delivery to affected site.
Topical.
Formulation with a patch that contains the drug so that it seems into the skin slowly and continuously.
Transdermal (patches).
Injection into the CSF directly into brain ventricles.
Intrathecal.
Injection above dura mater, bathes spinal nerves.
Epidural.
Injection into subarachnoid where CSF flows.
Spinal/lumbar puncture.
QD=
Once daily.
HS=
Hora Somni (at bedtime).
JCAHO=
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organization.
This IVF is useful for cardiac effects and cannot be give IM.
Calcium Chloride CaCl2.
This IVF is useful for things such as hypocalcemic tetany and can be giving IM.
Calcium Glutonate.
