Pharm Unit 1: ch.2-3 Flashcards
What is a pharmocopeia?
medical reference summarizing standards of purity, strength, and directions for synthesis.
excipient?
natural or synthetic substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication
how many drug schedules are there and what do the various degrees mean?
5 schedules, drug 1 is the highest liklihood for abuse(strongest), and 5 is the lowest potential
what is an adverse event?
any undesirable experience asssociated with the use of a medical product in a patient
what is an adverse effect?
an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery
what is a side effect?
nontherapeutic reaction to a drug
what’s an allergic reaction?
acquired hyperresponse of body defenses to a foreign substance
what is anaphylaxis?
severe type of allergic reaction that involves the massive, systemic release of histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation that can lead to shock
what are the 6 rights?
patient,med,dose,route,time,documentation
STAT order?
any medication that is required immediatly (5 min, or less)
ASAP order
not as urgent as stat, but still quick. (30 minutes or less)
prn order?
as required by the patient’s condition.
anything not written as stat,asap,or prn is called
routine order
what are the three broad categories of route of drug administration?
enteral, topical, parenteral
what is the enteral route?
drugs given orally, or those given through NG tube or gastrostomy tube
what are enteric-coated tablets?
tablets that have a waxy coating that enables them to resist the acidity of the stomach. it is designed to dissolve in the small intestine
what are some disadvantages of enteral route?
- person must be conscious, able to swallow med
- some types of drugs are inactivated by the acidity of the stomach/liver/small intestine, before they reach the target organ(first pass metabolism)
why is the buccal route sometimes preferred over the sublingual route?
the buccal mucosa is less permeable to most meds than the sublingual area, providing for slower absorption (sustained release)
what is the difference between a G tube and NG tube?
NG-tube inserted by way of nasopharynx with the tip in stomach; short-term treatment
G tube- surgically placed directly into patient’s stomach; long-term care
what is the parenteral drug admin?
deliverance of drugs via a needle
what are the different types of injection, from deepest to lightest?
Intramuscular(90 degrees), subcutaneous(45 degrees), and intradermal(10-15 degrees)
what are the 3 main sites for intramuscular injections?
ventrogluteal, deltoid, dorsogluteal
what are the 3 main types of IV administration?
large-volume infusion, intermittent infusion, and IV bolus administration
