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Pharmacology > Pharm Review > Flashcards

Pharm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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2
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A
  • dose response and maximal efficacy
  • onset/peak/duration
  • receptor theory
  • agonist vs antagonists
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3
Q

Categories of drug action

A
  • Stimulation or depression
  • replacement
  • inhibition or killing of organisms
  • irritation
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4
Q

Loafing dose

A

A large initial dose to achieve an immediate response of a drug

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5
Q

Therapeutic dose

A

A safe range dosing for a patient that is effective for them

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6
Q

Safe vs toxic dose

A

Therapeutic index=LD/ED

- the closer the number is to 1, the greater the danger of toxicity

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7
Q

MEC

A

Minimum effective concentration

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8
Q

Antagonist

A

Drugs that block a response

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9
Q

Agonist

A

Drugs that produce a response

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10
Q

Additive

A

An effect in which two substances or actions used in combination produce a total effect the same as the sum of the individual effects

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11
Q

Synergistic

A

Enhancing the effect of another force or agent

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12
Q

Side effects

A

Physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects. Can be desirable, or undesirable

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13
Q

Adverse effects

A

More severe than side effects, they are unintended effects of drugs
- always undesirable

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14
Q

1st gen. NSAIDS

A

-Toradol,Motrin,
-can inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors
SE:gastric irritation

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15
Q

2nd gen. NSAIDS

A

Can inhibit just COX-2

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16
Q

Controlled substance schedule

A

Scale of 1-5

-1 being the most addictive and have no medical use in United States to five which have low potential for addiction

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17
Q

Category A

A

No risk to fetus, studies have not shown evidence of fetal harm

18
Q

Category B

A

No risk in animal studies, and well controlled studies in pregnant women are available
-it is assumed there is little to no risk to fetus

19
Q

Category C

A

Animal studies indicate a risk to the fetus, controlled studies on pregnant women are not available
- risk vs benefit must be determined

20
Q

Category D

A

A risk to the human fetus has been proved

  • risk vs benefit must be determined
  • can be used in life threatening conditions
21
Q

Category X

A

A risk to the human fetus has been proved

-risk outweighs benefit and drug must be avoided

22
Q

Phase 1

A

Look at med in healthy people

23
Q

Phase 2

A

Look at med in small population of people with disease

24
Q

Phase 3

A

Look at ethnic groups

25
Q

Stage 4

A

Look at long term effect

26
Q

Single blind

A

Only Doctor knows

27
Q

Double blind

A

Neither doctor or patients knows

28
Q

Triple blind

A

No connection between Doctor patient or third party

29
Q

Open label

A

Everybody knows

30
Q

Nurses role of study

A
  • patient advocate
  • know your own beliefs
  • recruitment
  • education
  • data collection
31
Q

Amphetamines

A
  • increase wakefulness in narcolepsy
  • decrease hyperactivity of ADHD
  • SE/AR: sleeplessness, irritability, anorexia, cardiovascular problems
  • Adderall, Ritalin, vyvanse
  • NI: monitor vitals, evaluate height and weight in children, drugs before meals
32
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • Better/kinder hypnotics(no longer than four weeks)
  • schedule 4
  • benzos for anxiety: Xanax
  • antidote:flumazenil(Romazicon)
  • sedition hypnotics for inducing sleep or for anxiety
  • NI: monitor vitals especially respirations and BP
33
Q

IV anesthetics

A
  • may be used for general/induction stage of anesthesia

- rapid onset, short duration

34
Q

NSAIDS/Tylenol/Opioids

A
  • inhibit prostaglandins(fever reducer,relieve pain,inhibit platelet aggregation
  • SE: gastric irritation, bleeding
  • NI:observe for bleeding,avoid alcohol
35
Q

Opioids

A
  • narcotics for pain
  • SE:respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, tolerance and dependence, withdrawal symptoms
  • NI: respiratory status and BP
  • antidote for morphine: Naloxone(Narcan)
36
Q

Penicillins

A
  • one of the oldest antibiotics
  • broad and narrow spectrum
  • AR: superinfection
  • NI: check C&S BEFORE drugs are given, monitor closely during first dose, increase fluid
  • 1 hour before meal 2 hours after
37
Q

Cephalosporins

A

-cousins to penicillins(10% of people with allergy to penicillins are allergic to cephalosporins too

38
Q

Macrolides

A
  • broad soectrum(Azithromycin) for reapiratory infections

- vancomycin for staphylococcal infections like MRSA

39
Q

Drugs for urinary disorders

A
  • nitrofurantoin: broad spectrum
  • methenamine: bactericidal when urine ph under 5.5 for chronic UTI’s
  • thrimethroprim: used alone or in combination with fluoroquinolones
  • analgesics: relieve pain and burning sensation
  • antispasmodics: relieve spasms of smooth muscle
  • antimuscarinics: control overactive bladder
40
Q

Pharmaceutic

A

Disintegration and solution

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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