PHARM QUIZ 1 - Intro to Pharm Flashcards
drug
any chemical that can affect living processes
pharmacology
the study of drugs & their interactions with living systems
clinical pharmacology
the study of drugs in humans
therapeutics
the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy
3 properties of an ideal drug
- effectiveness (solves problems)
- safety (ideally has no side effects, not possible)
- selectivity (treat what it is intended for)
3 properties of an ideal drug
- effectiveness (solves problems)
- safety (ideally has no side effects, not possible)
- selectivity (treat what it is intended for)
3 properties of an ideal drug
- effectiveness (solves problems)
- safety (ideally has no side effects, not possible)
- selectivity (treat what it is intended for)
3 properties of an ideal drug
- effectiveness (solves problems)
- safety (ideally has no side effects, not possible)
- selectivity (treat what it is intended for)
ideal drug considerations
- reversible action - able to be metabolized by the body or chemically nullified
- predictability - knowing how the pt will respond
- ease of administration - convenient route, low number of doses/day
- freedom from drug interaction - to not intensify/ reduce effects of other drugs
- low cost - easily affordable
- chemical stability - indefinitely retain effectiveness & potency
- simple generic name - easy to recall/ pronounce
what is the therapeutic objective of drug therapy?
to provide maximum benefit while doing minimal harm
toxicity
too much of a drug
what happens when too little of a drug is administered?
it is not effective
what factors can cause drug variation?
- age
- gender
- weight
- poor liver/ kidney function
- multi-drug or food interactions
pharmacokinetics
how the drug moves through the body
pharmacodynamics
how the drug affects the body
APIE
applying the nursing process in drug therapy
- Assessment & Analysis
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
APIE
applying the nursing process in drug therapy
- Assessment & Analysis
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
what must be done before doing any med administration?
- vitals
- head to toe assessment
- establish a baseline
goals of preadministration assessment
3
- collect baseline data - vitals, pain assessment, head to toe
- identify high-risk pts - liver/kidney disease
- assess pt’s capacity for self-care - learning disabilities, alzheimers/ mental condition, physical disabilities
why do we collect baseline data?
- safety
- response
- identiying high-risk pts
- assesing a pt’s self-care ability
what does baseline data include?
- pt h&p
- lab results
- bp & vitals
- bgl
- ht/wt
high risk pts
- liver impairment (primary organ that metabolizes drugs) & kidney impairment (filters drugs) - VERY IMPORTANT
- genetic factors
- drug allergies - VERY IMPORTANT
- pregnancy
- elderly - slower metabolism, drugs stay longer
- pedi - slower metabolism, decrease dosage
can RN make a medical diagnosis?
no
we can use nursing judgement to have a working nursing diagnosis
(preventions/plan)
can RN make a medical diagnosis?
no
we can use nursing judgement to have a working nursing diagnosis
(preventions/plan)
can RN make a medical diagnosis?
no
we can use nursing judgement to have a working nursing diagnosis
(preventions/plan)
nursing diagnosis
3 parts
- judge - appropriateness of prescribed regimen
- identify - potential health problems that the drug might cause
- determine - pt’s capacity for self-care
planning
3 parts
- define goals - ex: pain free in 6 hours, walk
- set priorities
- identify specific interventions
what is the goal of planning?
to establish objective criteria for evaluation
implementation
- drug admin
- pt educaiton
- interventions: promote therapeutic efffects, minimize adverse effects, minimize adverse drug interactions
evaluation
- therapeutic responses (f/u w your goal (pain, N/V))
- adverse drug reactions & interactions
- adherence to prescribed regimen
- satisfaction w treatment
how are new drugs developed & tested?
randomized controlled trials (RCT)
control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)
how are new drugs developed & tested?
randomized controlled trials (RCT)
control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)
how are new drugs developed & tested?
randomized controlled trials (RCT)
control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)
how are new drugs developed & tested?
randomized controlled trials (RCT)
control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)
how are new drugs developed & tested?
randomized controlled trials (RCT)
control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)
how are new drugs developed & tested?
randomized controlled trials (RCT)
control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)
how are new drugs developed & tested?
randomized controlled trials (RCT)
control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)
stages of new drug development
3
- preclinical testing
- clinical testing (phase I, II, III, & IV)
- limitations
phases of clinical testing
I - IV
- phase I - testing with healthy volunteers/ pts
- phase II - therapeutic use & dose range
- phase III - drug is safe & effective (FDA approval granted)
- phase IV - post-clinical trials/ surveilance (drug is on market/released)
in phases II and III, drug is tested on pts for which the drug was intended
types of drug names
3
- chemical (not memorized)
- generic - acetaminophen
- trade - Tylenol
what percentage of medications administered are OTC?
60%
what percentage of illnesses are initially self-treated with OTC drugs?
60-90%
pts tend to treat themselves first with OTC drugs before medical help
OTC drug label requirements
3
- plain language
- readable type
- user-friendly format
OTC drug label requirements
5
- active ingredients listed first
- uses
- warnings
- directions
- inactive ingredients
