Pharm Principles

Question 1

Describes the drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure

Answer 1

Chemical name

Ibuprofen=propionic acid

Question 2

Name given by the United States Adopted Names Council

Answer 2

Generic Name
WILL BE TESTED ON THIS
Ibuprofen=Ibuprofen

Question 3

The drug has a registered trademark; use of the name is restricted by the drug’s patent owner (usually the manufacturer)

Answer 3

Trade name

Question 4

first drug in a class of drugs

Answer 4

prototypical drugs

Question 5

The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body, how the drug is taken into body

Answer 5

Pharmaceutics

Question 6

dissolving of solid dosage forms and their absorption

Quickness/slowness of the form

Answer 6

Dissolution

Question 7

slowest absorption/fastest absorption

Answer 7

Enteric-coated tablet

oral disintegration, buccal tablets

Question 8

The study of what the body does to the drug

Answer 8

Pharmacokinetics

Question 9

4 steps of pharmacokinetics

Answer 9

i. Absorption
ii. Distribution
iii. Metabolism (break it down)
iv. Excretion

Question 10

The study of what the drug does to the body

The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases

Answer 10

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 11

Pharmacotherapeutics defines

Answer 11

principles of drug actions

Question 12

The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine

Answer 12

Enteral Route

Question 13

Parenteral Routes

Answer 13

IV, IM, SUBQ

Question 14

Absorption involves

Answer 14

bioavailability (the extent of drug absorption)

Question 15

Large proportion of a drug is chemically changed into inactive metabolites by the liver

Answer 15

First pass effect

Question 16

PO meds/IV meds have what bioavailability?

Answer 16

PO: less than 100%
IV: 100%

Question 17

Some drugs bypass first pass

Answer 17

IV, inhalants, transdermal, aural, buccal, IM, SUBQ, SUBLIN

Question 18

First past routes examples

Answer 18

hepatic arterial, oral, portal venous, rectal

Question 19

Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action

Answer 19

Distribution

Question 20

Most common blood protein?

Answer 20

Albumin

Question 21

AKA biotransformation, breaks down deg into a more soluble compound, more potent or less active

Answer 21

Metabolism

Question 22

Microsomal enzymes

Answer 22

P-450 enzymes (control the metabolism of the drug)

Question 23

Types of Biotransformation

Answer 23

1. Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

2. Conjugation

Question 24

a. Combo with another substance

b. Forms a less toxic product with less activity

Answer 24

Conjugation

Question 25

Decrease drug metabolism (4 things)

Answer 25

1. Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency
2. Starvation, obstructive jaundice
3. Slow acetylator (genetic constitution)
4. Ketoconazole (P-450 inhibitor)

Question 26

Increase drug metabolism (4 things)

Answer 26

1. Fast acetylator (genetic constitution)
2. Barbituates
3. Rifampin (P-450)
4. Phenytoin (P-450)

Question 27

Elimination of drugs from the body

Answer 27

Excretion
Renal excretion (primary organ)
Biliary excretion (taken up by the liver-released into bile-eliminated

Question 28

time required for half (50%) of a given drug to be removed from the body

Answer 28

Half-life

Question 29

highest blood level of a drug

Answer 29

peak level

Question 30

lowest blood level of a drug

i. Before next dose

Answer 30

trough level

Question 31

occurs if the peak blood level of the drug is too high

Answer 31

Toxicity

Question 32

physiologic need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms

Answer 32

Physical dependence

Question 33

1. Two drugs with similar actions are given together
2. Smaller doses of each drug
3. 1+1=2

Answer 33

Additive effects

Question 34

Two drugs given to interact that in such a way that their combined effects are greater than the sum of the effect for each drug given alone (1+1=greater than 2)

Answer 34

synergistic effects

Question 35

To occur when the combination of two drugs result in drug effects that are less than the sum of the effects for each drug given separately (1+1= less than 2)

Answer 35

Antagonistic effects

Question 36

Broad term for any undesirable occurrence involving medications

Answer 36

Adverse drug event (ADE)

Question 37

1. Usually with parenteral drugs or solutions
2. When they are mixed together and the result is a chemical deterioration of one or both of drugs or formation of a physical precipitate (cloudy, visible flecks)

Answer 37

Incompatibility

Question 38

4 processes in which errors can occur

Answer 38

i. Prescribing (primary care)
ii. Dispensing (pharmacy)
iii. Administering
iv. Monitoring

Question 39

Can damage a fetus

Answer 39

teratogenic

Question 40

Can cause damage to genetic code

Answer 40

Mutagenic

Question 41

Cancer causing effect of drug

Answer 41

Carcinogenic