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343 Exam 1 > Hypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Hypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Antihypertensive drugs

A 
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Calcium channel blockers
Beta blockers
alpha blockers
Alpha-beta
central acting
direct vasodilators
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2
Q

a. Blocks the production of enzyme needed to convert angio-I to angio-II
i. Slow production of angiotensin II

A

ACE inhibitors

ends in -pril

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3
Q

ACE inhibitor drugs

A

lisinopril

enalapril

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4
Q

Intended responses of ace inhibitors

A

vasodilation of blood vessels, diuresis, lowered blood pressure, decreased workload of heart

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5
Q

ACE inhibitors are often prescribed with

A

diuretics

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6
Q

Block production of substances that constrict blood vessels

A

ACE inhibitors

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7
Q

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

A 
Hypotension
taste disturbances
hyperkalemia
headache
persistent dry cough
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8
Q

Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

A

i. Fever/chills; hoarseness; swelling in face, hands, feet; trouble swallowing or breathing; stomach pain; chest pain; rashes and itching skin; yellow eyes or skin
Angioedema: Diffuse swelling of eyes, lips, tongue

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9
Q

Diffuse swelling of eyes, lips, tongue

A

Angioedema

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10
Q

Check before: ACE inhibitors

A

i. If also taking diuretics, greater effect on BP will occur

ii. Ask about allergies to foods, dyes, drugs, etc

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11
Q

Patient teaching with ACE inhibitors

A

i. Take drug at same time each day
ii. Do not drink alcohol (unless prescriber approved)
iii. Avoid salt substitutes
iv. Report side effects

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12
Q

What are you checking after giving ACE inhibitors

A

K levels & I&Os

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13
Q

Lifespan Considerations for ACE Inhibitors

A

At greater risk for postural hypotension

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14
Q

Blocks the binding of angio II to their cell receptors. Leading to Vasodilation

A

ARBs

-“sartan”

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15
Q

Drugs for ARBs

A

valsartan, losartan

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16
Q

Intended responses of ARBs are the same as

A

ACE inhibitors

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17
Q

Administering ARBs

a. Check before:

A

i. BUN and creatinine levels

ii. Kidney or liver problems

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18
Q

M. Administering ARBs

Check after:

A

i. Swelling
ii. Urine output and weight
iii. Potassium levels

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19
Q

Block calcium from entering muscle cells of heart and arteries; dilate arteries and decrease strength in heart contractions;

A

Calcium Channel blockers

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20
Q

Calcium Channel blockers drugs we need to know

A

diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil

21
Q

Calcium channel blockers intended responses

A

(lowering BP)

i. Decreased heart rate
ii. Dec. force of heart contraction
iii. Dec workload of heart

22
Q

Calcium channel blockers side effects

A

Constipation, nausea, headache, flushing, rash, edema (legs), hypotension, drowsiness, dizziness

23
Q

Adverse effects for calcium channel blockers

A

Dysrhythmia, worsening heart failure (with verapamil and diltiazem), Stevens-Johnson syndrome

24
Q

Administering Calcium Channel Blockers

Check before & check after:

A

a. Check before:
i. Heart problems, blood vessel, liver, or kidney disease
b. Check after:
i. Report irregular heart rhythms, allergic reactions
c. Patient teaching:
i. Caution of hypotension
ii. Gradually wean off medication

25
Q

a. Block effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) on cardiovascular system
i. Think of how your heart responds when you are startled!

A

beta blockers

26
Q

Beta blockers decrease

A

HR & force of contractions

Lowers pulse & BP

27
Q

Beta blockers end in

A 
-olol
metoprolol
atenolol
labetalol 
d.	Classified cardio selective and non-cardio selective
28
Q

Common side effects of beta blockers

A

Impotence, dizziness, light-headedness, insomnia, lethargy, weakness

29
Q

i. Very slow heart rate, chest pain, severe dizziness or fainting, fast or irregular heart rate, dyspnea, cyanotic nail beds, seizures
ii. Affect diabetic patients’ blood glucose levels
iii. Cause or exacerbate asthma or congestive heart failure

A

Adverse effects of beta blockers

30
Q

Administering Beta blockers

A

a. Check before:
i. Heart rate, blood pressure
ii. Daily weights
iii. Blood glucose levels
iv. History of asthma
b. Check after:
i. Heart rate
ii. Monitor for shortness of breath, edema
c. Patient teaching:
i. Techniques to take pulse and BP
ii. Report signs and symptoms
iii. Avoid orthostatic hypotension
iv. Do NOT discontinue suddenly—may cause heart attack

31
Q

i. Artery relaxation and dilation
ii. Increase blood flow
iii. Lower blood flow
known as “alpha adrenergic blockers”
ends in -zosin

A

Alpha Blockers

32
Q

Alpha blocker drugs

A

prazosin

terazosin

33
Q

Side effects of Alpha blockers

A

i. Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, nervousness, irritability, stuffy or runny nose, nausea, pain in arms/legs, hypotension, weakness

34
Q

Adverse effects of Alpha blockers

A

i. Lower blood pressure too much
ii. Fainting
iii. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
iv. Irregular heart rhythm, chest pain
v. Swollen feet, ankles, or wrists

35
Q

Alpha blockers admin

A

a. Check before:
i. Males taking any phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor erectile dysfunction drugs
b. Check after:
i. General responsibilities
c. Patient teaching:
i. Do not drive or use machines for 24 hours after first dose
ii. Weigh self twice a week, report gain

36
Q

Alpha-beta blockers drugs

A

carvediolol

labetalol

37
Q

Alpha-beta blockers should not be

A

given with drugs for erectile dysfunction; may result in profound hypotension

38
Q

Stimulate CNS receptors to decrease constriction of blood vessels; lead to dilation of arteries and lower BP

A

Central-acting adrenergic Agents

39
Q

Central-acting adrenergic agents examples

A

Clonidine

Methyldopa

40
Q

Intended responses of central-acting

A

Vasodilation, lower blood pressure, decrease heart workload

41
Q

Side effects & adverse effects: central-acting

A

d. Side effects: Drowsiness, lethargy, dry mouth, nasal congestion
e. Adverse effects: Myocarditis rare

42
Q

a. Act directly on peripheral arteries causing them to dilate; leads to lower BP
b. Intended responses—lowered BP; decreased heart workload

A

Direct vasodilators

43
Q

Direct vasodilators drugs

A

hydralazine, minoxidil

44
Q

adverse effects of direct vasodilators

A

i. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (with minoxidil)

ii. Report sustained increase in pulse >20 beats/min to prescriber immediately

45
Q

Administration of Direct Vasodilators

A

a. Check before:
i. Baseline weight
b. Check after:
i. Intake and output; swelling; lung crackles
c. Patient teaching:
i. Contact prescriber if >2 doses are missed
ii. Report heart rate increases
iii. Weigh self and check for swelling: report changes

46
Q

Renin is an enzyme and hormone that converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, which is potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure

A

Direct Renin Inhibitors

47
Q

Direct renin inhibitor drugs

A

Aliskiren

48
Q

Side effects of Aliskiren

A

side effects include rash, cough, and angio-edema

343 Exam 1 (10 decks)

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