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343 Exam 1 > Lifespan Considerations > Flashcards

Lifespan Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Category A drug

A

no risk to fetus

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2
Q

B drug

A

no risk to animal fetus; info for humans not available

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3
Q

D drug

A

possible fetal risk (potential benefit vs. risk)

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4
Q

X drug

A

fetal abnormalities reported & positive evidence of fetal risk in humans. Do not use for pregnant women

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5
Q

Considerations for older adults

A
  1. decline in organ function
  2. drug therapy results in adverse effects/toxicity
  3. High use of meds
  4. Noncompliance, non-adherence
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6
Q

Polypharmacy

A

use of 4 or more medications throughout day

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7
Q 
Absorption 
Gastric pH is
Gastric emptying is...bc
BF is
absorptive surface is
A

less acidic
slowed bc decreased muscle tone & activity
reduced
reduced

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8
Q

Distribution what happens? (3 things)

A
  1. Lower total body water percentages
  2. Increased fat content
  3. Decreased production of proteins by the liver, decreased protein binding
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9
Q

Metabolism what happens?

A
  1. produces fewer microsomal enzymes

2. Reduced blood flow to liver

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10
Q

Excretion

A
  1. Decreased glomerular filtration rate
  2. Decreased number of nephrons (in kidneys)
    DRUGS ARE LESS EFFECTIVE BC OF DECREASED EXCRETION
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11
Q

Confusion, constipation, urinary retention, vomiting, respiratory depression, falls

A

OPIODS

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12
Q

Edema, nausea, gastric ulceration, bleeding, renal toxicity

A

NSAIDs

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13
Q

Major & minor bleeding episodes, many drug interactions, dietary interactions

A

Anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin)

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14
Q

Blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, confusion, urinary retention, tachycardia

A

Anticholinergics

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15
Q

Nausea, hypotension, diarrhea, bradycardia, ♡ failure, impotence

A

Antihypertensives

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16
Q

visual disorders, nausea, diarrhea dysrhythmias, hallucinations, decreased appetite, weight loss

A

Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)

17
Q

Sedation, weakness, dry mouth, confusion, urinary retention, ataxia

A

CNS depressants (muscle relaxants, opioids)

18
Q

confusion, daytime sedation ataxia, lethargy, increased risk for falls

A

Sedatives & hypotonics

19
Q

Electrolyte imbalance, rashes, fatigue, leg cramps, dehydration

A

Thiazide diuretics

20
Q

Evaluation (3 things)

A

a. Observe and monitor for therapeutic effects
b. Observe and monitor for adverse effects
c. Evaluate understanding of drug purpose, dose, dose frequency, adverse effects, special considerations

21
Q

Physiologic Changes in the Older Adult Patient: Cardiovascular

A
  1. Decreased CO= decreased absorption & distribution

2. Decreased BF= decreased absorption & distribution

22
Q

Physiologic Changes in the Older Adult Patient: Gastrointestinal

A
  1. Increased pH (alkaline gastric secretions) =altered absorption
  2. Decreased peristalsis=delayed gastric emptying
23
Q

Physiologic Changes in the Older Adult Patient: Hepatic

A
  1. Decreased enzyme production= decreased metabolism

2. Decreased BF= decreased metabolism

24
Q

Physiologic Changes in the Older Adult Patient: Renal

A
  1. Decreased BF= decreased excretion
  2. Decreased function= decreased exertion
  3. Decreased Glomerular filtration rate= decreased excretion
25
Q 
Drugs requiring special caution/monitoring for this condition: 
Anticholingerics 
antihistamines
decongestants
antidepressants
A

Bladder flow obstruction

26
Q

Drugs requiring special caution/monitoring for this condition:
NSAIDs
Aspirin
anti-platelet drugs

A

Clotting disorders

27
Q

Drugs requiring special caution/monitoring for this condition:
calcium channel blockers
tricyclic antidepressants
anticholingerics

A

Chronic constipation

28
Q

Drugs requiring special caution/monitoring for this condition:
Long acting sedatives or hypnotics
narcotics
beta blockers

A

COPD

29
Q 
Drugs requiring special caution/monitoring for this condition: 
Sodium
decongestants
amphetamines
OTC cold products
A

♡ failure, hypertension

30
Q

Drugs requiring special caution/monitoring for this condition:
Decongestants
bronchodilators
monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

Insomnia

31
Q

Drugs requiring special caution/monitoring for this condition:
Antipsychotics
Phenothiazines

A

Parkinson’s disease

32
Q 
Drugs requiring special caution/monitoring for this condition: 
Sedatives
hypnotics
opioids
CNS depressants
muscle relaxants
antidepressants
antihypertensives
A

Syncope, falls

343 Exam 1 (10 decks)

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