Anesthetics Flashcards
Drugs that reduce or eliminate pain by depressing nerve function in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system
Anesthetics
3 types of anesthesia
General, local, monitored anesthesia care (MAC)
b. Drugs that induce a state in which the CNS is altered to produce varying degrees of:
i. Pain relief
ii. Depression of consciousness
iii. Skeletal muscle relaxation
iv. Reflex reduction
General anesthesia
Sites primary affected with general anesthesia
Heart, peripheral circulation, liver, kidneys, respiratory tract
General anesthetics interactions:
i. Antihypertensives: increased hypotensive effects
ii. Beta blockers: increased myocardial depression
Ketamine is
bronchodilator effect & ER to set broken bones (fast acting onset)
“laughing gas” only inhaled gas currently used in general anesthetics
Nitrous Oxide
a. Parenteral general anesthetic (IV)
b. Used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
c. Sedation for mechanical ventilation in ICU settings
Propofol (diprivan)
a. Fluorinated ether
b. Widely used
c. Rapid onset and rapid elimination
d. Especially useful in outpatient surgery settings
Sevofulrane (Ultane)
moderate sedation drugs
Mizdazolam (benzodiazepine)
Paralysis
a. First, autonomic activity is lost
b. Then pain and other sensory functions are lost
c. Last, motor activity is lost
i. Surgical, dental, and diagnostic procedures
ii. Treatment of certain types of chronic pain
iii. Spinal anesthesia: to control pain during surgical procedures and childbirth
Local anesthetics
i. Works similarly to neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), causing depolarization
ii. Metabolism is slower than ACh, so as long as succinylcholine is present, repolarization cannot occur.
iii. Result: flaccid muscle paralysis
Succinylcholine
Prevent nerve transmission in skeletal & smooth muscle-muscle paralysis (paralyzes intercostal muscles & diaphragm for breathing)
Neroumuscular Blocking Drugs
What is required for NMBDs?
ventilation
