Pharm: Opioids Flashcards

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1
Q

4 classes of opioids and examples?

A
  1. Phenanthrenes = most of them. Morphine, Codeine, Hydrocodone, Oxy, Heroin
  2. Benzomorphans = Diphenoxylate, Loperamide
  3. Phenylpiperidines = Fentanyl, Sufentanil
  4. Diphenylheptanes = Methadone
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2
Q

3 fxntl classes of opioids?

A
  1. Agonist = Morphine, Oxy, Methadone, etc
  2. Mixed = Pentazocine, Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Nalbuphine
  3. Antagonist = Naloxone, Naltrexone
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3
Q

Concerns related to AE of opioids (3)

BBW?

A
  1. CNS depression
  2. Constipation = may cause issue in those w unstable angina
  3. Hypotension = syncope. Caution in ppl with hypovolemia and CV disease

BBW = fatal resp depression may occur

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4
Q

Peptide affinity of opioid receptors (3)

A
  • mu = endorphins > enkephalin > dynorphins
  • delta = enkephalins > endorphons/dynorphins
  • kappa = dynorphins >> endorphins/enkephalins

Methadone is full agonist at mu receptor. Partial agonists (buprenorphine) affect all 3 receptors. Antagonists (naltrexone) block mu only.

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5
Q

What degrees of tolerance develop for opioid addicts?

A
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6
Q

What drugs will cause CNS/resp depression when added to opioids?

Sedation and CV effects?

Hyperpyrexic coma and HTN?

A
  1. Sedative hypnotics = inc CNS/resp depression
  2. Antipsychotics = inc sedation and CV effects
  3. MAOIs = hyperpyrexic coma and HTN
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7
Q

Naloxone

A
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8
Q

Naltrexone

A
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