rarely used in Hypotensive crisis A and B1 >>>> B2

Pharm II- Exam 1 Simple Review Flashcards by Alora Marshall

Alpha blockers

Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine
Prazosin
Tamsulosin

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Beta blockers

Propranolol
Timolol
Metoprolol
Betaxolol
Nebivolol
Esmolol

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A1 and Beta (all) blockers

Labetolol

Carvedilol

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Phentolamine (Regitine)

decrease BP (Rarely used for HTN crisis)
contra: CAD

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Phenoxybenzamine

IRREVERSIBLE

DOC to prevent HTN in Pheochromo b4 surgery

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Prazosin (Minipress)

BPH and HTN

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Tamsulosin (Flomax)

BPH only

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Propranolol

all the heart stuff and inc exercise tolerance
non specific beta- blocker

Contra:
Acute HT, Asthma, AV block, Bradycardia, Cardiogenic shock, Pheochromocytoma

Caution: P450 intxns

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Metoprolol

just like Propranolol except less side effects bc blocks B1 only

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Timolol (Timoptic)

Glaucoma

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Betaxolol (Betoptic)

Glaucoma (2nd choice, B1 selective)

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Nebivolol

most selective beta blocker but expensive so not used often

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Esmolol

for critically ill, when quick effect is needed i.e. Arrhythmia

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Labetolol

Carvedilol

A1 and B (all) blocker
Vasodilation w/o Reflex Tachy
Contra: Asthma

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rarely used in Hypotensive crisis

A and B1&raquo_space;» B2

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Epinephrine (Adrenilin)

Beta > Alpha

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Epinephrine (Adrenaline) use

Anaphylactic shock
Glaucoma
Cardiac arrest
Decrease diffusion of injected drugs

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Isoproterenol

potent Beta only agonist

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Isproterenol use

cardiac arrest, heart block, activates the SA and AV node

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Phenylephrine (Neofrin)

decongest, dilate eyes, hypotensive emergency

Rebound effect

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Phenylephrine (Neofrin)

Rebound effect

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Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

decrease redness in eyes

decrease nasal congestion

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Clonidine & Methyldopa

decrease HTN
decrease cravings
decrease hot flashes
dry up secretions pre-anesthesia

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Tizanidine

reduce spasticity in neuro conditions

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Dobutamine

B1 | Stress tests, increase contractility and cardiac output

Albuterol

B2 | Asthma

Mirabegron

B3 | overactive bladder

Dopamine

short term for refractory HF | do NOT give with MAOi

Fenoldopam

Dopamine receptor | Emergency HTN

Amphetamine (Adderall) Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)

Increase release of NE | Increase alertness and decrease appetite and tiredness

Cocaine

inhibit re-uptake of NE | local anesthetic and powerful vasoconstrictor

Tyramine

increase Catecholamine release

do NOT mix MAOis with

Dopamine or | Tyramine

Direct Acting Cholinergic (M or N) Agonist

Bethanechol Pilocarpine Nicotine Varenicline

Bethanechol-M

Urinary retention | Increase GI motility

Pilocarpine-M

Tx Xerostomia | Last choice for Glaucoma

Nicotine

activates Symp and Parasymp

Varenicline (Chantix)

stop smoking

ACE-I (6)

``` Neostigmine/Pyridostigmine Physostigmine Edrophonium Donepezil Organophosphates ```

Neostigmine/Pyridostigmine

Myasthenia Gravis | Reverse bock post surgery

Physostigmine

nuttin', rare for Atropine poisoning

Edrophonium

tester for Myasthenia tx

Donepezil

Alzheimer's tx!!

Organophosphates

SLUDE poisoning | Tx with Atropine and 2-PAm

Overall effects of ACE-Inhibitors

``` Increase alertness Miosis Salivation Secretion Bronchoconstriction Bradycardia ```

Anticholinergics- Cholinergic (M and N) Antagonist | 9

``` Atropine Scopolamine Tropicamide Ipratropium/Atrovent Tolterodine/Feso/Darif/Solif Oxybutynin Dicyclomine/Bentyl Botox Succinychol ```

Atropine

``` Reverse bradycardia Heart block Post MI Tx diarrhea Muscarine poisoning ```

Scopolamine

Motion sickness

Tropicamide

Eye exam | dilate eyes

Ipratroprium (Atrovent)

COPD | sometimes Asthma

Tolterodine/Fesoterodine/Darifenacin/Solifenacin

Overactive bladder | M3 selective

Oxybutynin

Bladder spasms post surgery or in neurogenic dz

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

Diarrhea predominant IBS

Botox

blocks Ach release Urinary incontinence Migraine Wrinkles

Succinylcholine

Depolarizing blocker | Tracheotomy and Intubation

Propranolol (b1 b2) and Metoprolol (b1) CONTRA

``` Acute HF Asthma AV block Bradycardia Cardiogenic shock Pheochromocytoma ``` strong caution in Diabetics

Prazosin (a1 block) CONTRA

Viagra (ED drugs) | Nitrates

Phentolamine (nonspec a block) used for emergency HTN CONTRA

CAD

Epinephrine CONTRA

ppl also taking b-blockers | can cause severe HTN

Phentylephrine (Neofrin) (a1 agonist) | CONTRA

ppl w/BPH and HTN

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) (a1 agonist) | CONTRA

caution w/BPH and HTN

Oxymetazoline (Afrin) | CONTRA

caution w/closed angle glaucoma and HTN

Clonidine and Methyldopa CONTRA

Not rec as Monotherapy

Clonidine advice

Avoid sudden withdrawal--> HTN crisis | Avoid getting patch hot --> Hypotension

Dopamine (used for short term refractory HF) CONTRA

MAO-Inhibitors

Tyramine CONTRA

MAO-Inhibitors --> severe HTN crisis

Muscarinic Agonists CONTRA

Asthma/COPD Peptic ulcers Bowel obstruction Coronary insuff/heart dz

Muscarinic Antagonists CONTRA

Acute angle glaucoma | BPH

Succinylcholine CONTRA

Hx malignant hyperthermia Extensive soft tissue damage Burns Caution: teens and children