Pharm: Hem/Onc I Flashcards
Describe antiplatelet drugs
decr platelet aggregation (suppress platelets) & inhibit thrombus formation.
effective in arterial circulation
Antiplatelet drugs are also known as…
- platelet agglutination inhibitor
- platelet aggregation inhibitor
Examples of antiplatelet drugs
- Aspirin
- Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Ticagrelor (Brilinta)
- Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Describe anticoagulants drugs
- prevent the formation of blood clots by suppressing the synthesis or function of various clotting factors in the blood
Examples of anticoagulants drugs
- Heparin
- Warfarin (Coumadin)
- Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- Argatroban
- Apixaban
- Rivaroxaban
Describe Fibrinolytic
stimulate breakdown of the blood clot
Fibrinolytic drugs are also known as…
- thrombolytic drugs
- “Clot busters”
Example of Fibrinolytics
- Alteplase (tPA)
- Streptokinase
Describe Heparin antagonist
- inhibit the anticoag action of heparin
- used for tx of severe heparin OD. reversal agen
Examples of Heparin Antagonist
Protamine Sulfate
Describe Prothrombin complex concentrate (Human)
- Prothrombin complex concentrates supply factors II, VII, IX, X and Proteins C & S
- promote coagulation
Examples of Prothrombin complex concentrate (Human)
Kcentra**
Describe Coagulation factor Xa (recombinant)
Binds & sequesters factor Xa inhibitor & inhibits tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), reversing anti-Xa activity & restoring thrombin generation
Examples of Coagulation factor Xa (recombinant)
Andexxa**
Describe blood products
- any substance made from human blood
- whole blood, blood components & plasma derivatives.
Example of Blood products
- Fresh Frozen Plasma [Octaplas]
- Platelets
- Packed Red Blood Cells
Describe Colony Stimulating Factors
secreted glycoPROs that bind to receptor PROs on the surfaces of hemopoietic stem cells, thereby activating intracellular signaling pathways that can cause cells to proliferate & differentiate into a specific kind of blood cell.
Examples of Colony Stimulating Factors
- Epoetin Alfa (Epogen)
- Filagrastim (Neupogen)
Describe Vitamins
an organic molecule that is an essential for organisms in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism.
Examples of Vitamins
- Vitamin K
- Iron (Ferrous Sulfate)
- Folic Acid (Vit B9)
- Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
Describe antimetabolites
inhibits a metabolite
- these are needed as a part of metabolism of another substance
Examples antimetabolites
Hydroxyurea
Describe Chemotherapy
type of cancer tx that can use multiple anti cancer drugs
Examples of Chemotherapy meds
5-Fluorouricil (Efudex)
6-Mecaptopurine (Purinethol)
Cisplatin
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Goserelin (Zoladax)
Interferon Alfa 2B (Interferon A)
Rituximab (Rituxan)
Methotrexate
Tamoxifen (Soltamox)
Vincristine (Oncovin)
What does ASA reduce?
- risk of MIs & stroke
- risk of cancer
What does ASA increase?
- risk of tinnitus
- risk of Reye’s Syndrome
What other problems can ASA cause?
- pregnancy problems
- permanent inhibiting of platelet aggregation
ASA dosage:
81 mg/day
ASA: Uses
- acute coronary syndrome
- MI prevention TIA/thromboembolic stroke prevention
- pain/fever
ASA: MOA
non-selectively & reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing prostaglandin & thromboxane A2 synthesis, producing analgesic, anti-inflammatory, & antipyretic effects & reducing platelet aggregation
ASA: Common Rxns
- dyspepsia, N/V, abdom pain
ASA: Serious Rxns
- anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid rxn
- angioedema
- bronchospasm
- bleeding
- GI perf/ulcer
ASA: Safety
- Pregnancy: May use low dose but avoid full dose in 3rd trimester
- Lactation: Consider alternatives
Clopidogrel Dosage
75mg /day
How is Clopidogrel used in clinical practice?
used with or instead of ASA
Clopidogrel [Plavix]: Uses
- acute coronary syndrome
–> STEMI or NSTEMI - thrombotic event prevention
Clopidogrel [Plavix]: MOA
irreversibly binds to P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptors, reducing platelet activation and aggregation
Clopidogrel [Plavix]: Serious Rxns
bleeding, severe
hemorrhage
TTP
agranulocytosis
aplastic anemia
When should you stop Clopidogrel?
Stop 5 days before elective surg to reduce bleeding risk
Clopidogrel: BBW
Diminished Antiplatelet Effect in CYP2C19 Poor Metabolizers (There is a CYP2C19 test available)
Ticagrelor [Brilinta]: Uses
- acute coronary syndrome
- CV & cerebrovascular event risk reduction