Clin Med: Hematology Flashcards
What % of total body weight is blood?
8%
What % of total body weight is other fluids & tissues?
92%
Breakdown percentages of whole blood?
- 55% plasma
- 45% formed elements
- 1% buffy coat
What PROs are found in the plasma of blood?
- Albumin 57 - 60%
- Globulins 38%
- Fibrinogen 4%
- Prothrombin 1%
Broad breakdown of plasma percentages.
- 7% PROs
- 92% H2O
- 1% solutes
What other solutes are found in the plasma of blood?
- Iron
- Nutrients
- Waste products
- Gases
- Regulatory substances
Formed elements include___ & give values.
- Platelets (140,000 - 340,000)
- Leukocytes (5,000 - 10,000)
- Erythrocytes (4.2 - 6.2 million)
Describe RBC production
- Kidney detect reduced O2 carrying capacity in blood
- Kidney secrete erythropoietin (EPO) into blood stream
- EPO stimulates erythropoiesis by bone marrow
- Addition of circulating erythrocytes incr O2 carry capacity in blood
- Increase O2 carrying capacity relieves the initial stimulus that triggered EPO secretion
Anemia: incr rate of destruction pathophys:
- Autoimmune
- Structural changes (sickle cell, spherocytes, ovalocytes)
- Enzyme deficiencies (G6PD, pyruvate kinase)
- Mechanical (prosthetic valves, microthrombi)
Breakdown of Leukocytes & values
- Neutrophils (40 - 60%)
- Lymphocytes (20 - 40%)
- Monocytes (2 - 8%)
- Eosinophils (2 - 4%)
- Basophils (0.5 - 1%)
How is anemia measured?
Hgb & hematocrit
Anemia decr production pathophys:
- Lack of critical factor
–>Erythropoietin (kidney disease)
–>Hemoglobin formation – hemoglobin A&B, heme, iron
–>Cell division factors – vitamin B12, folate
–>Bone marrow suppression (radiation, drugs, alcohol, hormones, infection)
–>Bone marrow failure (aplastic anemia, dyscrasias, leukemias/lymphomas)
Anemia: loss of the vessels pathophys:
- Bleeding (hemorrhage, menorrhagia, GI bleed)
- Frequent blood draws/donations
CBC includes:
- RBC
- Hgb
- Mean RBC volume (MCV)
- Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH)
- Red cell distribution width (RDW)
- WBC
- Platelet count (Plt)
- Mean platelet volume (MPV)
What is RBC count?
total # of RBCs in blood
What is Hb?
(hemoglobin)
Concentration of hgb in the blood
What is Hct?
(hematocrit)
Volume of “packed” red cells
What is MCV?
(mean REC volume)
average size of RBCs
What is MCH?
(mean cell hgb)
weight of Hgb in the average RBC
What is RDW?
(red cell distribution width)
standard deviation of the MCV
What is WBC?
(WBC count)
- # of leukocytes
What is Plt?
(platelet count)
- # of platelets
What is MPV?
(mean platelet volume)
average size of platelets
What does Anisocytosis means & give examples?
variation in size
- Macrocytes
- Microcytes
What does Poikilocytosis means & give examples?
- Schistocytes
- Spherocytes
- Sickle cells
- Teardrop cells
- Target cells
Ways to analyze anemia
Morphology
- MCV
- MCH (correlates w/ MCV)
- Specific shapes in specific dz
What is microcytic MCV value & examples?
< 80
- deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia