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Pharm- GI Flashcards

1
Q

What do PPIs end in? H2 antagonists?

A
  • prazoles

- tidines

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2
Q

MOA for PPIs?

A

inhibit H+/K+ ATPase on parietal cells thus reducing acid secretion

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3
Q

MOA for H2 antagonists?

A

block H2 receptors on parietal cells to reduce acid secretion

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4
Q

Antacids are weak ___ that ____ gastric acid

A

bases

neutralize

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5
Q

MOA of antibiotics

A

inhibit protein synthesis and disrupt cell wall thus eradicate bacteria

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6
Q

What are the mucosal defenders?

A

bismuth subsalicylate

sucralfate

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7
Q

MOA for bismuth subsaliculate

A

coating GI wall, stimulate secretion of PGs, mucus, and bicarbonate, antimicrobial action

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8
Q

MOA for sucralfate

A

coating GI wall, pepsin inhibitor, stimulate secretion of PGs and bicarbonate

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9
Q

The first line drugs to treat peptic ulcer and severe GERD. Also used for gastric hypersecretion-associated gastrinoma

A

PPIs

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10
Q

Less potent than PPIs but with relatively rapid onset of action

A

H2 antagonists

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11
Q

Provide short term relief of symptoms. Can lead to constipation with ____ or diarrhea with ____. Can also cause altered electrolyte balance.

A

antacids

constipation- aluminum

diarrhea- magnesium

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12
Q

Used to treat H. pylori infection-induced peptic ulcer

A

antibiotics

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13
Q

Can be combined with antibiotics and H2 blocker or PPI. Used to treat H. pylori peptic ulcer or to prevent traveler’s diarrhea. Can also prevent stress gastritis and treat bile reflux gastropathy and oral mucositis.

A

mucosal defenders: Bismuth subsalicylate and Sucralfate

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14
Q

Long term use of these reduce B12, Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels and increase risk of infection.

A

PPIs

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15
Q

What drug can cause side effects in CNS and endocrine system (an H2 antagonist)

A

Cimetidine

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16
Q

What are the drugs used to treat peptic ulcer?

A

PPIs, H2 antagonists, antacids, antibiotics, and mucosal defenders

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17
Q

What do 5-HT3 receptor antagonists end in?

A

-setrons

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18
Q

What do NK1 receptor blockers end in?

A

-pitant

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19
Q

What are the D2 receptor blockers?

A

Metoclopramide

Prochlorperazine

Droperidol

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20
Q

What are the H1 antagonists?

A

Diphenhydrazine

Meclizine

Doxylamine

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21
Q

What is the M1 receptor antagonist?

A

Scopolamine

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22
Q

MOA for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

A

block both central and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors

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23
Q

MOA for NK1 receptor blockers?

A

block central NK1 receptors

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24
Q

MOA for D2 receptor blockers?

A

block central D2 or D2 and M receptors

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25
Q

MOA for Benzodiazepines? Which one did we learn about?

A

enhance GABA’s effect on chloride ion conductance

Lorazepam

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26
Q

MOA for H1 antagonists?

A

block central and vestibular H1 receptors

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27
Q

MOA for M1 receptor antagonists?

A

block vestibular M1 receptors

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28
Q

MOA for synthetic cannabinoids?

A

not clear, blocking CM and 5-HT3 receptors?

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29
Q

When combined with corticosteroid, this is the most effective treatment for prevention of acute severe vomiting caused by chemotherapy. Also used to treat radiation and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

A

5-HT3 receptor antagonists

-setrons

30
Q

Major side effects for 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

A

HA, constipation, dizziness, prolonged QT interval

31
Q

When combined with corticosteroid, this is used to treat delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting

A

NK1 receptor blocker

-pitant

32
Q

What two things combined with a corticosteroid prevent both acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting?

A

5-HT3 receptor antagonist and NK1 receptor blocker

33
Q

Major side effects for NK1 receptor blockers?

A

fatigue, asthenia (weakness), and hiccups

34
Q
  1. Used for radiation, chemotherapy, and infection-induced nausea and vomiting. 2. Used for general emesis. 3. Used for postoperative N/V and sedation.
A

D2 receptor blockers

  1. Metoclopramide
  2. Prochlorperazine
  3. Droperidol
35
Q

Major side effects of D2 receptor blockers?

A

extrapyramidal effects

Droperidol- prolonged QT interval

36
Q

Used for anticipatory emesis

A

Benzodiazepines

-Lorazepam

37
Q
  1. Used for chemotherapy-induced vomiting. 2. Used for motion sickness. 3. ______ + pyridoxine: pregnancy-related emesis.
A

H2 antagonists

  1. Diphenhydrazine
  2. Meclizine
  3. Doxylamine
38
Q

Used for the prevention of motion sickness, comes in transdermal patch

A

M1 receptor antagonist

-Scopolamine

39
Q

Major side effects for M1 receptor antagonists?

A

dry mouth, throat, and nasal passages

40
Q

Used for chemotherapy-induced emesis and produces cannabinoids-like side effects.

A

Synthetic cannabinoids

41
Q

What are the antiemetic drugs?

A

5-HT3 receptor antagonists

NK1 receptor blockers

D2 receptor blockers

Benzodiazepines

H1 antagonists

M1 receptor antagonist

Synthetic cannabinoids

42
Q

MOA for Opioids?

A
  1. Stimulated μ receptors on enteric neurons.

2. Inhibit presynaptic cholinergic action

43
Q

What is used to treat all forms of chronic diarrhea?

A

Opioids

44
Q

What are the Adsorbents?

A
  1. Kaolin and Pectin
  2. Bismuth subsalicylate
  3. Bile salt-binding resins
45
Q

MOA for Adsorbents?

A

Kaolin and Pectin AND Bismuth subsalicylate bind to bacteria, toxin, and fluid

Bile salt-binding resins bind to bile acid

46
Q

What is used to treat acute diarrhea in children?

A

Kaolin and Pectin (adsorbents)

47
Q

What is used to treat Traveler’s diarrhea?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate (adsorbents)

48
Q

What is used to treat bile malabsorption-caused diarrhea?

A

Bile salt-binding resins (adsorbents)

49
Q

MOA for synthetic somatostatin

A

Inhibits the secretion of numerous hormones and transmitters leading to reduced intestinal fluid secretion and decreased gastrointestinal motility.

50
Q

What is used to treat diarrhea caused by endocrine tumor, vagotomy or dumping syndrome, short bowel syndrome or AIDS?

A

synthetic somatostatin

51
Q

Major side effects for synthetic somatostatin?

A
  1. lipid-soluble vitamin deficiency
  2. gallstones
  3. GI discomfort
  4. endocrine dysfunction
52
Q

MOA for chloride channel inhibitor?

A

inhibit chloride secretion to intestinal lumen

53
Q

What is used to treat diarrhea caused by antiretroviral therapy?

A

chloride channel inhibitor

54
Q

Major side effects of chloride channel inhibitors?

A

URI, flatulence, and increased bilirubin

55
Q

What are the antidiarrheals?

A

Opioids

Adsorbents
Synthetic somatostatin
Chloride channel inhibitor

56
Q

MOA for prokinetic agents (D2 receptor antagonist)?

peripheral and central

A

peripheral- increase gastro-esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter pressure

central- block D2 receptors in CTZ

57
Q

What are prokinetic agents used for?

A

gastroparesis

N/V

58
Q

Major side effects for prokinetic receptor antagonists?

A

extrapyramidal symptoms

59
Q

MOA for bulk-forming laxatives? Clinical use? Major side effect?

A

Absorb water into the fiber leading to increased fecal volume, thus promoting peristalsis and bowel evacuation

prevent constipation

over-dried stools

60
Q

MOA for stool surfactant agents? Clinical use? Major side effect?

A

permit water and lipids to penetrate feces or lubricate stool

prevent constipation in patients who should avoid strain

lipid pneumonitis due to aspiration; longer term use can lead to malabsorption of lipid-soluble vitamins

61
Q

MOA for osmotic laxatives? Clinical use? Major side effect?

A

draw water into intestine and colon, increase fecal fluid, and stimulate colonic peristalsis

Can be used to treat acute constipation or prevention of chronic constipation OR bowel prepration

flatus, cramps, water and electrolyte loss

62
Q

MOA for stimulant laxatives? Clinical use? Major side effect?

A

stimulate smooth muscle contraction, increase colonic electrolyte and fluid secretion

same as osmotic laxatives but more potent

severe fatus, cramps, water and electrolyte loss

63
Q

MOA for chloride channel activators? Clinical use? Major side effect?

A

stimulate type 2 chloride channel in small intestine thus increase chloride-rich fluid secretion

chronic constipation

nausea

64
Q

MOA for opioid receptor antagonists? Clinical use? Major side effect?

A

block intestinal μ receptors leading to increased intestine motility

opioid-induced constipation
alvimopan: cardiac toxicity

65
Q

Mild IBS with pain/bloating

A

treat with diet

66
Q

Mild IBS that is constipation predominant

A

treat with diet and fiber

67
Q

Mild IBS that is diarrhea predominant

A

treat with diet and Loperamide (eluxadoline)

68
Q

Moderate to severe IBS with pain/bloating

A

treat wtih anticholinergics, rifaximin, antidepressants

69
Q

Moderate to severe IBS that is constipation predominant

A

treat with laxatives, lubiprostone, antidepressants (SSRIs)

70
Q

Moderate to severe IBS that is diarrhea predominant

A

treat with Loperamide (eluxadoline), antidepressants (TCAs), Rifaximin, Alosetron

GI (10 decks)

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