PHARM FINALS MEDS Flashcards
1
Q
albuterol
A
Beta2 agonist. Used for bronchospasm
2
Q
Alcohol (ETOH)
A
CNS depression. Synergistic effects with other CNS depressants (antihistamines, phenothiazides, narcotics, barbs, BZDs) treat withdrawal with folic acid, thamine
3
Q
alprazolam
A
benzodiazepines for AA. Xanax. Short, immediate half life. .25-.5mg TID
4
Q
Amantadine
A
good choice for parkinson’s pt with mild symptoms to delay LDopa. Can be add-on to decrease levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Tachyphylaxis–drug holiday
5
Q
Amitriptyline
A
Tricylclic antidepressant. Most anticholinergic
6
Q
Amlodipine
A
CCB. Used for HTN, CAD, stable or variant angina
7
Q
Amoxicillen
A
Aminopenicillin
8
Q
Anastrazole
A
Aromatase inhibitor. Reduces effects of estrogen (Cancer). Generally well tolerated. N/V, joint muscle pain, hot flashes
9
Q
Androderm
A
transdermal testosterone. Skin irritation common
10
Q
Androgel
A
Topical testosterone gel. Can possibly transfer in intimate contacts. Apply to inconspicuous locations
11
Q
Antithymocyte
A
immunosuppressant inducer pre transplant. Polyclonal antibodies. Horse, “rabbit”. Expensive
12
Q
Argatroban
A
Anticoagulant. Treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
13
Q
Aripiprazole
A
Atypical antipsychotic
14
Q
Aspart (insulin)
A
Bolus/meal time insulin. Rapid acting. Peak 1-2 hours. Duration 3-4 hours. Take 15 minute before meal
15
Q
Atomozetine
A
Non-controlled selective NE reuptake inhibitor for ADHD, good option for those who can’t tolerate stimulants Less AE but less efficacy. Take with food caution with suicidal
16
Q
Atorvastatin
A
Lipitor. HLD treatment. Myalgia risk but less than simva/lova. Do not need to renally dose
17
Q
Atropine
A
Anticholinergic agent. Increases CO and dries secretions
18
Q
Azithromycin
A
Macrolides. No cross reaction with penicilin. Take with food. QTc prolongation. Space from antacids (Mg, Al)
19
Q
Azothioprine
A
immunosuppressive. Pro-drug of mercaptopruine. Used in renal transplant rejection, RA, SLE. Interact- allopurional and ACEI
ADR: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia,, NVD, skin cancer, GOUT
20
Q
Baclofen
A
effective in treating spasticity from SC lesions. Intrathecal-injected directly into subarachnoid space.
21
Q
Basiliximab
A
Monoclonal antibodies. No reported common AE
22
Q
Benzocaine
A
Amino esters (can cause allergy). Surface acting. Metabolized in plasma
23
Q
Benzotropine
A
Antihistamine/anticholinergic. For EPS treatment. SE: dries you up, makes you sleepy. For parkinsons, symtomatic relief of tremor. can be bad in elderly
24
Q
Bicalutamide
A
antiandrogen. Inhibit cellular uptake, metastatic prostate cancer. SE: GI, decrease sex drive
25
Bleomycin
Antineoplastic antibodies. Does not cause myelosuppression, pulmonary toxicity. Raynaud's
26
Bromocriptine
Direct dopamine agonists for parkinson's take with meals. More neuropsychiatric SE, good for bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity not for postural instability, long half- life. Sig SE: valvular fibrosis, postural hypotension, impulse control disorder
27
Budesonide/Formoterol
Symbicort. Respiratory inhalant combo for asthma. Should only be used if not controled by other corticosteroids. CI: amiodarone
28
Bupivacaine
Amino Amides. Metabolized in the liver. Stable in solution, long acting
29
Buprenorphine
Mixed antagonist/agonist opioid. Activates mu receptor, antagonist at kappa. May be good for dependence and withdrawal.
30
Bupropion
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor. No CV or sexual SE. Avoid in epilepsy, eating disorder, anxiety and psychosis. Used for smoking cessation
31
Buspirone
non BZD, Does not act on GABA, increase 5-HT (seratonin). Less risk, but less effective (not for sever anxiety)
32
Calcium Carbonate
Antacid. Can cause constipation. With sodium bicarb can cause water retention
33
Capecitabine
Antimetabolites. USE: breast cancer. SE: blood disorder, GI, dermatitis, stomatitis, unusual tiredness. Hand foot syndrome
34
Carbamazepine
Antiepileptic.Blocks Na channel. Teratogenic. Decreased oral contraceptive effectiveness. BBW: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemica, rash (Steven Johnson Syndrome)
35
Carbidopa/ Levodopa
Carbidopa enables L-dopa to get into brain. SE: CV stimulation, GI effects, drooling, discolaration of bodily fluids, spasmodic winking, dyspnea. Motor SE. affected by diet
IR- taken on empty stomach, onset of improvement 30 mins
SR- taken with food, onset is 60 mins
36
Carisoprodol
Polysnaptic inhibitors. Decrease alpha motor neuron excitability, and cause relaxation. Metabolized in body similar to controlled substance
37
Carvedilol
BB. Increases cardiac contractility. Used in CHF
38
Celecoxib
NSAID. COX2 Selective, increases CV risks, decreases platelet formation
39
Cetirizine
Antihistaminse. Zyrtec. Used for allergies and vasomotor rhinitis. Avoid with alcohol
40
Chlorpromazine
Typical antipsychotics. Effective for + psych effects. More Anticholinergic, more CV, endocrine/prolactin, less EPS effects. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
41
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone, can cause photosensiticity. Can cause CNS symptoms like visual disturbance, H/A, dizziness, and confusion. Intefere with DNA/RNA of bacterial cell. Tendont rupture. DDI with antacids (Ca, Mg, Al)
42
Cisplastin
Heavy metal compunds. For carcinoma of bladder, ovaries, testies. Neurotoxicity. Peripheral neurophathy/Raynaud's. Some renal dysfunction
43
Citalopram
SSRI. Celexa. Short acting, good for elderly, no CYP activity
44
Clomiphine
ovulation inducing agent in fertility therapy
45
Clonazepam
benzodiazepines for anti anxiety. .25-.5 BID
46
Clonidine
Alpha-2 agonists. for ADHD Centrally acting. Reduced sympathetic
47
Clopidogrel
Antiplatelet. ADP antagonist. Unstable angina
48
Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic. Agranulocytosis-need to monitor WBC every week for 6wks, then every 2wks. Smoking acts like inducer. Less EPS SE, more metabolic SE
49
Cocaine
Amino esters (can cause allergy). Metabolized in plasma
50
Colchicine
Uricosuric agent. Used to treat gout. CYP3A4 inhibitor
51
Corticosteroids
non-specific immunosuppressants.
52
Cyclophosphamide
Alkylating agent. Use for leukemias SE: blood disorder, GI, bladder irritation, hair loss, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity
53
Cyclosporine
Immunosuppressive. Calcineurin inhibitors. Use for many transplants and prevention of acute rejection, needs drug monitoring
ADR: nephrotox, HTN, HLD, glucose intolerance, osteopo, gout, gingivitis, Hirsutism
Sandimmune depends on food, Neoral- less dept on food
54
Daunorubicin
Antineoplastic antibodies. Can lead to blood disorders. most likely causes cardiotoxicity, treat like normal pts with CHF, HTN
55
Dexamethasone
Adjunct to 5 HT3 antagonist that improves the efficacy in PREVENTING N/V, insomnia
56
Dextroampthetamine
CNS stimulant. Caution with CVD dz
57
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine for anti-anxiety. Valium, long half life. 2-10mg BID to QID. Control muscle spasms. Long term use discouraged.
58
Digoxin
Class V arrhythmia. Increases myocardial contraction. Amiodarone interaction, increase with non-dihydrapine/Quinidine
59
Diltiazem
Class IV arrhythmia--CCB. Negative inotrope. 2nd line for stable angina (after BB). 1st line for variant angina. Slow HR and decrease contractility
60
Diphenhydramine
Antihistamine/anticholinergic. For EPS treatment. SE: dries you up, makes you sleepy
61
Doxepin
Tricylclic antidepressant. Weight gain, sedation
62
Doxorubicin
Antineoplastic antibodies. Used for acute leukemias. Similar to daunorubicin can cause Heart failure
63
Dronabinol
Antiemetic. Synethetic THC used for acute and chronic nausea and vomiting and as an appetite stimulant
64
Duloxetine
SNRI. Efficacy for depression, diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia. AE: nausea, dry mouth, constipation, decreased appetite, farigue, somnolence
65
Enflurane
Volatile liquids: inhaled. used for skeletal muscle relaxation Most respiratory depression
66
Enoxaparin
Anticoagulant. Inhibits factor Xa. Does not increase PT or PTT Epidural or spinal hematomas with LMWH.
67
Entacapone
COMT inhibitor. Peripherally acting. Increases half-life of levodopa
given with each dose to increase by 50%
68
Erythropoetin
Procrit. Produce new RBC. SE: HTN
69
Escitalopram
SSRI. Short acting, good for elderly, no CYP activity
70
Eszopiclone
Z-drug. Non-BZD Treat insomnia. Lunesta-long term use (6 months)
71
Ethosuximide
Absence seizures only. SE: hiccups, anorexia, blood dyscrasias, lupus, liver failure, behavior changes
72
Etomidate
IV anesthetic. Hypnotic-like. Minimal Cardiopulm effects. N/V during anesthesia can be bad
73
Felbamate
Anticonvulsant. Rarely used bc of SE can be fatal
SE: aplastic anemia or hepatic failure
74
Fentanyl
Synthetic opiod. Dosed Q72 hours. Remove and replace every 3 days. Difficult to titrate
75
Finasteride
5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors. Used for BPH, prostate cancer, male pattern baldness
76
Fluconazole
Antifungal. AE: GI, increase LFT, less SE with topical preparation. Many interactions
77
Flumazenil
Benzo antagonist (antidote). Used for benzo overdose. Only IV form
half-life- 1 hour
duration of action- 30-60 min
78
Fluorouracil
Antimetabolites. USE: carcinoma of colon, rectum, stomach, pancrease. SE: GI, blood disorder, skin disorders
79
Fluoxymesterone
oral testosterone. Risk of hepatotoxicity
80
Fluoxetine
SSRI. Prozac, longest half-life. Self tapers when d/c. good for non-compliance, caution in elderly
81
Fluphenazine
Typical antipsychotics. Effective for + psych effects. Less Anticholinergic, less CV, endocrine/prolactin, most EPS effects. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Depot formulation
82
Fosphenytoin
Prodrug of phenytoin. used in pts who can't tolerate phenytoin and are status epi. Acute setting for emergnecies. Less venous irritation.
much more expensive
83
Furosemide
Loop diuretic. (Lasix). Used for CHF, HTN, Edema. Common IV
84
G-CSF
Filgastrim, Neupogen. Produce stimulation of WBC. SE: nausea, fever, bone pain
85
Gabapentin
Increases GABA, adjunct for partial seizure. Not for kids. Renally cleared
good for pain and psychiatric disorders
86
Gentamycin
Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
87
Glargine (insulin)
Basal insulin. Long acting with no peaks (24 hour duration). Take once daily.
88
Glipizide
Sulfonylurea--increases insulin secretion from beta cells. AE: hypoglycemia, photosensitivity. Safer in patients with renal dysfunction. Caution in heptaic disease
89
Haloperidol
Typical antipsychotics. Effective for + psych effects. less Anticholinergic, less CV, endocrine/prolactin, most EPS effects. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. depot formulation
90
Halothane
Volatile liquids: inhaled. Most potent, most blood soluble. Slow induction rate, slow recovery time. Cons: decreased myocardial contractility
91
Heparin
Anticoagulant. Monitor with aPTT. Reverse with protamine
92
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic that is often combined with spironolactone to treat HTN. For CHF
93
Hydrocodone
Opiod analgesic.. Long-term treatment.
94
Hydroxyzine
H1 antihistamine. Rapid relief of anxiety w/o mental impairment. Helps with motion sickness
95
Ibuprofen
NSAID. Non-selective blocks both COX1 and COX2. SE:GI. Blocks mechanism of aspirin. Take 30 minutes after aspirin
96
Ifosfamide
Alkylating agent. USE: testicular cancer. SE: blood disorder, CNS effect, urotoxicity/urinary issues, GI
97
Imatinib
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Chronic myeloid leukemia. SE: GI, blood disorder, joint, muscle, chest pain
98
Imipramine
Tricylclic antidepressant
99
Immune Globulin
boost immune function in several conditions. Taken from human blood
100
Insulin U-500
Divide by 5 to get U100 dose
101
Ipratropium
inhaled Anticholinergic. Relief of acute bronchospasm greater role in COPD.
102
Isoflurane
Volatile liquids: inhaled. Can increase HR and CO
103
Ketamin
dissociative analgesic-pt. appears awake. Highly addictive, hallucinations and vivid dreams
used in children
104
Lacosamine
Anticonvulsant. Slow-voltage Na channels. Adjunct in patients 17+. PO 100% bioavailable. No sig interactions with other AEDs
105
Lamotrigine
Antiepileptic. Better tolerated than carbamazepine and phenytoin. SE: dizziness, HA, N/V, SJS, weight gain
106
Leucovorin
Cofactor supplement to counteract folic acid antagonists like methotrexate.
107
Levetiracetam
Anticonvulsant. No clinical drug interaction. IV available. Renal impairment-dose adjust
very well tolerated and used commonly to replace older agents like phenytoin
108
Levothyroxine
Replaces T4. Simple tx for hypothyroidism. Take on empty stomach with water
109
Lidocaine
Amino Amides. Metabolized in the liver. Stable in solution, medium acting
110
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate
CNS stimulant. Vyvanse. Dextroamphetamine prodrug, thought to have less abuse risk
111
Lisinopril
ACEI. Decreases cardiac workload. First line in CHF
112
Lithium
Mood stabilizer. Narrow therapeutic window, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, teratogenic (avoid in breast-feeding). Many drug interactions (NSAID, ACEI, ARB, diuretics) salt can affect dose
113
Loperamide
Antidiarrheal. For stomatitis in rectum (diarrhea) with chemo
114
Lorazepam
benzodiazepines for AA. also for alcohol withdrawal sx Good for elders or people with hepatic/renal dysfunction. 1-3mg BID or TID. Reduces ANTICIPATORY N/V with chemo
115
Memantine
NMDA antagonist. Treat alzheimer-type dementia
116
Meprobamate
Strong Anxiolytic short term management.
117
MESNA
Uroprotective. Given with ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide to protect from cystitis
118
Metformin
Biguanide. Decrease hepatic glucose production, increase peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin. AE: GI, lactic acidosis, don't use for ESRD
119
Methimazole
Thyroid blocking drug. Less frequent dosing, less SE. avoid in pregnancy
120
Methotrexate
immunosupressant, RA, Rinse mouth frequently with salt water to prevent mouth sores
121
Methylphenidate
CNS stimulant. Ritalin. Caution with CVD dz
122
Metoclopramide
Antiemetic. Chemotherapy for delayed N/V in chemo
123
Metoprolol
BB. Increases cardiac contractility. Used in CHF
124
Midazolam
Benzodiazepines. Amnesia, can be used for minor procedures
long half lives
125
Mifepristone (RU486)
used as abortifacient, but has contraceptive properties
126
Mirtazapine
alpha-2 antagonist. Effective in treatment resistant depression. AE: sedation, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis, some side effects can be okay for certain pts
127
Mitoxantrone
Antineoplastic antibodies. Use: carcinoma of prostate, acute nonlyphocytic leukemia.
128
Mixed amphetamine salts
CNS stimulant. Adderral. Caustion with CVD dz
129
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
Old drug to treat depression. AE: orthostasis, liver toxicity, confusion, sexual dysfuntion, weight gain. Risks with serotonergic agents (SSRI, SNTRI, TCA, busprione, linezolid, lithium, fentanyl), pro-hypertensive crisis, cardiac agents, AND tyramine foods (cheese, wine, beer, fish)
need 4 weeks to see if effective, effective 14 days after discontinued
130
Morphine
Opiod. Long half-life. Increase SE and toxicity risk.
131
Myocophenolate
Immunosuppressive. Inhibitors of T-cell proliferation Used for bone marrow, heart, kidney transplant. Interact with aluminum and magnesium antacid (separate by 4 hours), cholestyramine, cyclosporine
AE: teratogenic effects, GI, blood disorders
132
Nifedipine
CCB. Used for HTN, CAD, stable or variant angina
133
Nitrogylcerin/ Isosorbide
used for acute exacerbations of HF. 1 tablet under tongue. Keep in cool dry place, discard after 6 months.
134
Nitrous oxide
Least potent, low blood solubility, fast onset and recovery. Analgesic effect, can be abused
135
Nortriptyline
Tricylclic antidepressant
136
NPH (insulin)
Basal insulin. Intermediate acting. Peak-4-10 hours, duration 10-16 hours. Risk of hypoglycemia
137
Nystatin
Fungal prophylaxis for the pancreas and kidney
138
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic
139
Omeprazole
PPI. Prilosec OTC. Suppression of basal and stimulated acid secretion.
140
Ondansetron
5-HT3 antagonist. Prevention and treatment of chemotherapy associated N/V
141
Oxcarbazepine
1st line for partial seizure. Similar to Carbamazepine, but better tolerated no agranulocytosis. BBW: SJS, TEN
142
Oxybutynin
Antispasmodic agent. Relief of sx like urge incontinence, frequency, urgency with bladder.
143
Oxycodone
Opiod. ER- decrease N/V by taking with food. Big drug of abuse. SE: respiratory depression and sedation tolerance 5-7 days. Constipation no tolerance.
144
Paclitaxel
Plant Alkaloids. Use: breast cancer, non-small lung cancer kaposi sarcoma. SE: blood disorder, hypersensitivity reaction, peripheral neuropathy, joint/muscle pain, arthralgias/myalgias
145
Paliperidone
Atypical antipsychotic. Metabolic (dopaminergic) SE
146
Pancuronium
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. long term duration, 4-6 min onset. Requires mechanical vent, sedation, and pain control
SE: tach, hyperkalemia, residual muscle paralysis
147
Paroxetine
SSRI. Paxil. Most anticholinergic effects, sedation-good for insomnia
148
Phenelzine
MAOI. Used for depression but lots of toxicities. Hypertensive crisis
149
Phenobarbital
Barbituate for partial and generalized tonic seizures/epilepsy Narrow TI-monitor drug levels, 2nd-3rd line option. Many drug interactions (phenytoin, steroid, oral contraceptives, anticoag, CNS depressant)
can be used as sedative too
150
Phenytoin
Partial and generalized seizures. Protein/albumin bound (adjust with low albium or ESRD. Interacts with Warfarin and others. SE: nystagmus, SJS, lupus, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, insomnia, folate deficiency
this is status epilepticus-loading doe must be given
151
Pramipexole
Direct dopamine agonists. newer More neuropsychiatric SE. not for postural instability, long half- life. Sig SE: valvular fibrosis, postural hypotension, impulse control disorder
152
Pregabalin
Similar to gabapentin
153
Primidone
Metabolized to phenobarbital. 2nd-3rd line bc of SE
154
Procaine
Amino esters (can cause allergy). Short acting. Metabolized in plasma
155
Prochlorperazine
Compazine. N/V treatment with chemo. Can cause sleepiness, dystonic reactions, and lockjaw
156
Propofol
Phenol, IV anesthetic. Short-acting hypntoic, rapid recovery
157
Propranolol
BB, can be used for some SE with anxiety
158
Propylthiouracil
Thyroid blocking drug. More SE, takes longer to see effects but preferred in pregnancy
159
Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic
160
Radioactive iodine 131 agents
SSKI drops, Lugol's solution. Preferred for severe but can lead to hypothyroidsim. Defer pregnancy 6-12 months. AE: rash, rhinitis, metallic/burning taste
161
Raloxifene
prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis
162
Ranitidine
Histamine H2 antagonist. For GERD and gastric ulcer.
163
Regular (insulin)
Bolus/meal time insulin. Short acting peak 2-3 hours, duration 3-6 hours. Take 30-60 minutes before meal
164
RhoD Immune Globulin
prevention of Rh hemolytic disease of newborn
165
Rifampin
Inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis in bacteria. Can cause orange discoloration of urine, sweat, and tears. CYP450 inducer. Increases elimination
166
Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic. Higher risk of EPS
167
Rituxamab
Monoclonal antibodies. Non-hodgkin lymphoma. SE: blood disorder, HTN, hyperglycemia, joint/muscle pain, GI
168
Rivaroxaban
Anticoagulant. Inhibits factor Xa. Caution with neuraxial anesthesia.
169
Rocurinium
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. intermediate term 1-2 min onset. Requires mechanical vent, sedation, and pain control
170
Ropinorole
Direct dopamine agonists. Newer More neuropsychiatric SE. not for postural instability, long half- life. Sig SE: valvular fibrosis, postural hypotension, impulse control disorder
171
Selective Seratonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
First line for depression. AE: GI, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, NO CV effects
172
Selegeline
MAO-B inhibitor. Blocks breakdown of dopamine. Delays using Levodopa. Neuroprotective. Risk of hypertensive crisis and serotonin syndrome
if more than 20 mg a day can interact with certain foods causing HTN crisis
173
Sertraline
SSRI. Zoloft. Least weight gain, more insomnia, agiration, diarrhea. Good for elderly- no CYP activity
174
Sildenafil
PDE-5 inhibitor. Viagra. For erectile dysfunction. Avoid nitrates
175
Sirolimus
Immunosuppressive. Mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibitor. Use for bone marrow, renal, liver, lung, or cardiac transplant, Drug monitoring needed
AE: HLD, GI, Impairs wound healing, mouth ulcers, blood disorders
176
Spironolactone
Potassium sparing diuretic. Often combines with hydrochlorothiazide
177
SSRI
First line for mild to moderate depression. Long-term treatment, less SE, but takes longer to kick in
178
St. John's Wart
CAM used for depression, works like MAOI/SSRI. increases serotonin Lot of drug interactions-warfarin, birth control, digoxin, induces CYP3A4. risk for seratonin syndrome
179
Succinylcholine
Depolrizing neuromuscular blocker. Very short term. Require mechanical vent, sedation, and pain control
180
Sucralfate
GI agent. Protective agent used to cover ulcers and decrease irritation caused by chemo
181
Sulfamethoxazole
Bactrim. Intefere with DNA/RNA of bacterial cells and inhbit production of folic acid. AE: skin rash, photosensitivity, false increase in SCr. Increases K+, interacts with warfarin
182
Tacrolimus
Immunosuppressive. Calcineurin inhibitor. Use for bone marrow, renal, liver, lung, or cardiac transplant.
AE- Neurotoxicity, nephrotox, HTN, HLD, glucose intolerance, ALOPECIA-tremor and paresthesia.
183
Tamoxifen
prevention and treatment of breast cancer
184
Tamsulosin
Alpha1 blocker, decreases bladder resistance. For benign prostatic hypertrophy.
185
Temazepam
benzodiazepines for sedation. Short, immediate half life
slow oral absorption
186
Terazosin
alpha blocker. Antihypertensive. For HTN, BPH. Take at bedtime
187
Testosterone Cypionate
testosterone IM injection. Long-lasting injection. Take every 2 weeks
188
Testosterone enanthate
testosterone IM injection. Long-lasting injection. Take every 2 weeks
189
Tetracaine
Amino esters (can cause allergy). Long acting. Metabolized in plasma
190
Thalidomide
Multple myeloma. SE: peripheral neuropathy, dizzy, drowsy. Contraindicated for pregnant women
191
Theophylline
Xanthine derivative. For Acute bronchospasm. Directly relaxes smooth muscle of respiratory tract.
192
Thiopental
Barbituate. Rapid induction. No analgesic effect
193
Ticagrelor
Antiplatelet. ADP antagonist. Unstable angina Aspirin >100mg will reduce effects.
194
Tiotropium
Inhaled anticholinergic. Relief of acute bronchospasm. Greater role in COPD.
195
Tolcapone
COMT inhibitor. Centrally acting. More effect on increasing levodopa half-life, risk of fatal hepatotoxity
increases half life by 100%
196
Topiramate
Blocks Na and Ca channel, increase GABA effect, inhibit glutamate. SE: Kidney stones (hydrate!) avoid in renal dysfunction
197
Tramadol
non-opiod analgesic, but acts at mu receptor as a tricyclic antidepressant. Lowers seizure threshold.
198
Tranylcypromine
MAOI. Used for depression but lots of toxicities. Hypertensive crisis
199
Trazodone
5HT2 antagonist, inhibits serotonin reuptake. Safe in overdose, sedating, priapism (painful erection)
200
Tricyclic antidepressant
Old drug to treat depression. Increases NE and 5-HT. Take at bedtime, avoid with glaucoma. AE: decrease thyroid function, decrease seizure threshold, LFTs, weight gain. Overdose potential. Avoid in elderly
201
Trihexyphenidyl
Antihistamine/anticholinergic. For EPS treatment. SE: dries you up, makes you sleepy. For parkinsons, symtomatic relief of tremor. Can be bad in elderly
202
Valacyclovir
Herpes antiviral. Inhibits DNA replication by inhibiting DNA polymerase enzyme. SE: headache, dizziness, rashes, nephrotoxicity, GI. Prodrug of acyclovir
203
Valganciclovir
Antiviral. CMV infection prophylaxis.
204
Valproic Acid
Antiepileptic. Mood stabilizer for rapid cycle bipolar disorder
205
Valproate
blacks Na and Ca channels. Increases GABA. SE: GI, hepatic failure, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, SJS, alopecia, weight gain, folate deficiency
206
Vancomycin
Can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Can cause red man syndrome, monitor troph levels. CDIFF. Don't take antidiarrheals with CDIFF
207
Vecuronium
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. intermediate term 2-4 min onset. Requires mechanical vent, sedation, and pain control
208
Venlafaxine
Seratonin Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Anticholinergic, sexual dysfuntion, dose-related hypertension
good if SSRI fails
209
Vinblastine
Plant Alkaloids. Use: breast cancer, hodgkin and non-hodgkin, kaposi sarcoma. SE: blood disorder, central and peripheral neuropathies, irritation at injection
210
Vincristine
Does not cause myelosuppression, most likely causes neurotoxicity, local irritation at site.
211
Warfarin
Anticoagulant. Vit K antagonist. Monitor INR (high=risk of bleed). Interacts with all antibiotics. Intxn with garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, glucosamine
212
Zaleplon
Z-drug. Treat insomnia. Sonata- short term use (30 days)
10-20 mg at bedtime, 5-10 for elders
AE: next day amnesia, HA, taste disturbences, drowsiness, diffcult with coordination, myalgia/back pain
effects reduced with heavy metals/high fat
213
Ziprasidone
Atypical antipsychotic. Less Metabolic (dopaminergic) SE
214
Zolpidem
Z-drug. Treat insomnia. Ambien-short term use (7-10
| days). not renally dosed
215
Zonisamide
Adjunct for partial seizure. Long half life. Less protein bound
216
Prednisone
corticosteroid used for transplants and autoimmune diseases
AE: HLD, increased appetite, weight gain, edema, osteopo, HTN, HLD, night sweats, GI, hirsutism
