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Pharm Final > Pharm Final: Steroid Hormones > Flashcards

Pharm Final: Steroid Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term steroid mean?

A

chemical structure of drug or hormonal agent

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2
Q

Where are natural steroids produced?

A

the adrenal glands, testes and ovaries

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3
Q

What are the three types of natural steroids?

A

mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones

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4
Q

What is the term physiological dose?

A

roughly equivalent to endogenous production

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5
Q

What is pharmacological dose?

A

high dose, differing from dose needed for normal function

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6
Q

What is the function of mineralocorticoids?

A

regulate water and salt balance, electrolyte balance

can be used as replacement therapy

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7
Q

What are types of MC?

A

aldosterone and Fludrocortisone

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8
Q

What is fludocortisone?

A

an aldosterone agonist that is administered orally

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9
Q

What are MC antagonists?

A
  1. Sprionolactone- can cause hyperkalemia, increased body hair, deep voice, decreased libido
  2. Eplerenone- less sexual SE

both used for CHF and HTN as diuretic and are both potassium sparing

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10
Q

What is role of GC?

A

used for inflammation, metabolism, glucose control, ability to deal with stress

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11
Q

What is MOA for GC?

A

alters protein synthesis, binds to DNA segments that control inflammation like prostaglandin

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12
Q

What is an example of GC?

A

cortisol- facilates breakdown of muscle into amino acids and lipids to FFA- making more glucose available while storing more

also inhibits uptake of glucose into muscle

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13
Q

What is downside of too much cortisol?

A

due to being non selective they can lead to muscle skin and bone breakdown as they begin to exert catabolic effect and affect muscles ability to retain amino acids

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14
Q

What are other main SE of GC?

A

central obesity, steroid induced proximal myopathy, increased glycogenesis leading to increased risk of hyperglycemia in DM pts, excitatory affect on CNS

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15
Q

What are main SE of MC?

A

salt fluid retention, HTN, metabolic alkalosis

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16
Q

What are two main female sex hormones?

A
  1. Estrogen or Estradiol

2. Progesterone

17
Q

What is function of estrogen?

A

puberty in girls, regulate bone metabolism, promote blood clotting(too much cause TE)

18
Q

Why are post menopausal women at risk for osteoporosis?

A

estrogen antagonizes PTH minimizing loss of calcium from bones, so when they have less estrogen they lose more Ca from bone

19
Q

What is function of progesterone?

A

regulation of menstruation, maintaining a healthy pregnancy

20
Q

Why is Hormone replacement therapy not used as much in USA?

A

shown to possibly cause cancer and thromboembolism

21
Q

What is major SE with estrogen therapy?

A

CAD

22
Q

What are other SE of estrogen?

A

nausea, abnormal uterine bleeding, skin hyper pigmentation, gallbladder DZ, increases risk for breast and endometrial cancer. TE

23
Q

What are SE with progesterone?

A

increased BP, HLD, pulm embolism, increased risk for breast, Acne, weight gain

24
Q

What is tamoxifen?

A

prevention and tx of BC and may lower risk of CAD

however may increase risk for uterine cancer

25
Q

What does the term SERM mean?

A

selective estrogen receptor modulators drugs like Tamoxifen protect breast and uterine tissue

26
Q

What is raloxifone?

A

prevents post menopausal osteoporosis

help protects from breast, uterine and CAD

27
Q

What are SE of raloxifone?

A

hot flashes, muscle and joint pain, depression insomnia, chest pain, flu like Sx, UTI

28
Q

What is clomiphene?

A

an anti estrogen that is useful for ovulation induction for infertility

29
Q

What is Mifepristone?

A

induces abortion, takes 2-3 days and must be taken within first 7 weeks of conception

30
Q

What are clinical uses for testosterone and anabolic steroids?

A
  1. replacement therapy
  2. used for sports performance
  3. can increase appetite and lean body mass in pts with chronic dz
  4. growth stimulation in delayed puberty
31
Q

What are AE with androgens and anabolic steroids?

A

HTN due to fluid retention, liver toxcity, acne, sleep apnea most are reversible but not skeletal muscle ones

32
Q

What are SE from anabolic abuse?

A

decreased sperm, decreased testes size, liver failure, HLD, HTN, aggresiveness, psychosis, any CAD, avascular necrosis

33
Q

What are oral forms of anabolic agents?

A

ethylestrenol, methadrostenolone, oxandrolone, stanzolol

34
Q

What are IM injection agents?

A

nandrolone, testosterone cyionate/ enathate

Pharm Final (9 decks)

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