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PHARM FINAL > Pharm Final Drugs > Flashcards

Pharm Final Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drug class of Albuterol?

A

Beta-2 adrenergic agonist

Commonly used for asthma and COPD

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Clonidine?

A

Stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brain, reducing sympathetic outflow

Used for hypertension and ADHD

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3
Q

Which drug class does Dobutamine belong to?

A

Beta-1 adrenergic agonist

Used in heart failure and cardiogenic shock

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4
Q

What receptors does Dopamine stimulate?

A

Dopamine, beta-1, and alpha-1 receptors

Used in shock and heart failure

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5
Q

What is the primary use of Epinephrine (Epi)?

A

Used in anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and asthma

Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

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6
Q

Is Isoproterenol a selective or non-selective beta adrenergic agonist?

A

Non-selective beta adrenergic agonist

Used in bradycardia and heart block

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Norepinephrine (Norepi)?

A

Stimulates alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta-1 adrenergic receptors

Used in shock and hypotension

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8
Q

What is the drug class of Amphetamine?

A

CNS stimulant

Used for ADHD and narcolepsy

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ephedrine?

A

Increases release of norepinephrine and directly stimulates adrenergic receptors

Used for nasal congestion and hypotension

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10
Q

What is Phentolamine used for?

A

Used in pheochromocytoma and hypertensive emergencies

Blocks alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors

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11
Q

What type of antagonist is Prazosin?

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist

Used for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metoprolol?

A

Blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors

Used for hypertension, angina, and heart failure

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: Edrophonium is an _______.

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Organophosphate?

A

Irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels

Used as insecticides and nerve agents

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15
Q

What type of drug is Atropine?

A

Anticholinergic

Used in bradycardia and as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning

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16
Q

What is the drug class of Sildenafil?

A

Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor

Used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Dihydropyridines?

A

Inhibit L-type calcium channels, reducing calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells

Used to treat hypertension and angina

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18
Q

What is the drug class of Verapamil?

A

Calcium channel blocker

Used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Methyldopa?

A

Stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system, reducing sympathetic outflow

Used to treat hypertension, especially in pregnancy

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20
Q

What is the primary use of Propranolol?

A

Used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias

Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Minoxidil?

A

Opens potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to hyperpolarization and vasodilation

Used to treat severe hypertension and promote hair growth

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22
Q

What type of drug is Sodium nitroprusside?

A

Vasodilator

Used to treat hypertensive emergencies

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23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Digoxin?

A

Inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase, increasing intracellular calcium and enhancing cardiac contractility

Used to treat heart failure and certain arrhythmias

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24
Q

What is the drug class of Amiodarone?

A

Antiarrhythmic (Class III)

Used to treat certain arrhythmias

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25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Adenosine?

A

Activates adenosine receptors, slowing conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node

Used to treat certain supraventricular tachycardias

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26
Q

What is the primary use of Magnesium in cardiac treatment?

A

Used to treat certain arrhythmias and magnesium deficiency

Modulates ion transport and enzyme activity

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27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Verapamil?

A

Inhibits L-type calcium channels, reducing calcium influx into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to decreased heart rate and vasodilation

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28
Q

What drug targets does Vasopressin act on?

A

Vasopressin receptors

Used to treat diabetes insipidus and as a vasopressor

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29
Q

What type of drug is Furosemide?

A

Loop diuretic

Used to treat edema and hypertension

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30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Inhibits sodium-chloride cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule, increasing urine output

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31
Q

What is the drug class of Spironolactone?

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic

Used to treat heart failure, hypertension, and hyperaldosteronism

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32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Mannitol?

A

Increases osmotic pressure in the renal tubules, leading to increased urine output

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33
Q

What type of drug is Benadryl?

A

Antihistamine

Used for allergy relief and as a sleep aid

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34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Epi (Epinephrine)?

A

Stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors

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35
Q

What drug class does Theophylline belong to?

A

Methylxanthine

Used for asthma and COPD

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36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Atropine?

A

Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

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37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Zileuton?

A

Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase, reducing leukotriene production

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38
Q

What type of drug is Omalizumab (Xolair)?

A

Monoclonal antibody

Used for severe asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria

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39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Buspirone?

A

Partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors

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40
Q

What are the drug targets of Ondansetron?

A

Serotonin 5-HT3 receptors

Used to prevent nausea and vomiting

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41
Q

What is the drug class of Phenytoin?

A

Anticonvulsant

Used for epilepsy

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42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Valproic acid?

A

Increases GABA levels, inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels

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43
Q

What type of drug is Urokinase?

A

Fibrinolytic

Used in pulmonary embolism

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44
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Warfarin?

A

Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, reducing the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

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45
Q

What are the drug targets of Clopidogrel (Plavix)?

A

ADP receptors

Used to prevent ischemic events

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46
Q

What type of drug is Metformin?

A

Biguanide

Used for type 2 diabetes management

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47
Q

Fill in the blank: The drug class of Ethacrynic acid is _______.

A

Loop diuretic

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48
Q

True or False: Salmeterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist.

A

False

Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)

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49
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lamotrigine?

A

Inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels

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50
Q

What drug class does Zafirlukast belong to?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Used for asthma

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51
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Dantrolene?

A

Inhibits calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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52
Q

What is the drug class of Argatroban?

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor

Used in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

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53
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Theobromine?

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase, similar to theophylline

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54
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin?

A

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing thromboxane A2 production

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55
Q

What is the drug class of Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)?

A

Intermediate-acting insulin

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56
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NPH?

A

Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

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57
Q

What are the drug targets of NPH?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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58
Q

What additional information is associated with NPH?

A

Provides basal insulin coverage

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59
Q

What drug class do Insulin (Glargine, Detemir) belong to?

A

Long-acting insulin

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60
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Insulin (Glargine, Detemir)?

A

Facilitates glucose uptake by cells

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61
Q

What are the drug targets of Insulin (Glargine, Detemir)?

A

Insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells

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62
Q

What additional information is associated with Insulin (Glargine, Detemir)?

A

Provides basal insulin coverage

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63
Q

What drug class does Metformin belong to?

A

Biguanide

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64
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metformin?

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity

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65
Q

What are the drug targets of Metformin?

A

Liver, muscle cells

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66
Q

What additional information is associated with Metformin?

A

First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, no risk of hypoglycemia

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67
Q

What drug class do Sulfonylureas belong to?

A

Sulfonylureas

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68
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonylureas?

A

Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells

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69
Q

What are the drug targets of Sulfonylureas?

A

Pancreatic beta cells

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70
Q

What additional information is associated with Sulfonylureas?

A

Risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain

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71
Q

What drug class does Acarbose belong to?

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

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72
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Acarbose?

A

Delays carbohydrate absorption in the intestine

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73
Q

What are the drug targets of Acarbose?

A

Intestinal brush border enzymes

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74
Q

What additional information is associated with Acarbose?

A

Gastrointestinal side effects

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75
Q

What drug class do GLP1 agonists belong to?

A

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

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76
Q

What is the mechanism of action of GLP1 agonists?

A

Mimic the action of GLP-1, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying

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77
Q

What are the drug targets of GLP1 agonists?

A

GLP-1 receptors

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78
Q

What additional information is associated with GLP1 agonists?

A

Used to treat type 2 diabetes

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79
Q

What drug class do DPP4 antagonists belong to?

A

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

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80
Q

What is the mechanism of action of DPP4 antagonists?

A

Inhibit DPP-4 enzyme, increasing levels of incretin hormones, which enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release

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81
Q

What are the drug targets of DPP4 antagonists?

A

DPP-4 enzyme

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82
Q

What additional information is associated with DPP4 antagonists?

A

Used to treat type 2 diabetes

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83
Q

What drug class do SGLT2 inhibitors belong to?

A

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors

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84
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Inhibit SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules, reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion

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85
Q

What are the drug targets of SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

SGLT2

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86
Q

What additional information is associated with SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Used to treat type 2 diabetes

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87
Q

What drug class do Statins belong to?

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

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88
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Statins?

A

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis

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89
Q

What are the drug targets of Statins?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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90
Q

What additional information is associated with Statins?

A

Used to lower LDL cholesterol levels

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91
Q

What drug class does Niacin belong to?

A

Nicotinic acid

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92
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Niacin?

A

Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, reducing free fatty acids

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93
Q

What are the drug targets of Niacin?

A

Adipose tissue

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94
Q

What additional information is associated with Niacin?

A

Used to lower triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol levels

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95
Q

What drug class do Fibrates belong to?

A

Fibric acid derivatives

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96
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Fibrates?

A

Activates PPAR-alpha, increasing lipoprotein lipase activity

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97
Q

What are the drug targets of Fibrates?

A

PPAR-alpha

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98
Q

What additional information is associated with Fibrates?

A

Used to lower triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol levels

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99
Q

What drug class do Bile Acid Binding Resins belong to?

A

Bile acid sequestrants

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100
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

Binds bile acids in the intestine, reducing cholesterol absorption

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101
Q

What are the drug targets of Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

Intestinal bile acids

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102
Q

What additional information is associated with Bile Acid Binding Resins?

A

Gastrointestinal side effects, may affect absorption of other drugs

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103
Q

What drug class does Ezetimibe (Zetia) belong to?

A

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

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104
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ezetimibe (Zetia)?

A

Inhibits absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine

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105
Q

What are the drug targets of Ezetimibe (Zetia)?

A

NPC1L1 transporter

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106
Q

What additional information is associated with Ezetimibe (Zetia)?

A

Used to lower LDL cholesterol levels

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107
Q

What drug class do PCSK9 Inhibitors belong to?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

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108
Q

What is the mechanism of action of PCSK9 Inhibitors?

A

Inhibits PCSK9, increasing LDL receptor availability

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109
Q

What are the drug targets of PCSK9 Inhibitors?

A

PCSK9

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110
Q

What additional information is associated with PCSK9 Inhibitors?

A

Used to lower LDL cholesterol levels

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111
Q

What drug class does Penicillin belong to?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic

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112
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Penicillin?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

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113
Q

What are the drug targets of Penicillin?

A

Penicillin-binding proteins

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114
Q

What additional information is associated with Penicillin?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

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115
Q

What drug class do Cephalosporins belong to?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic

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116
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cephalosporins?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

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117
Q

What are the drug targets of Cephalosporins?

A

Penicillin-binding proteins

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118
Q

What additional information is associated with Cephalosporins?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

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119
Q

What drug class does Vancomycin belong to?

A

Glycopeptide antibiotic

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120
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

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121
Q

What are the drug targets of Vancomycin?

A

D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursors

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122
Q

What additional information is associated with Vancomycin?

A

Used to treat MRSA and other Gram-positive infections

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123
Q

What drug class does Polymyxin belong to?

A

Polypeptide antibiotic

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124
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Polymyxin?

A

Disrupts bacterial cell membrane

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125
Q

What are the drug targets of Polymyxin?

A

Bacterial cell membrane

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126
Q

What additional information is associated with Polymyxin?

A

Used to treat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative infections

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127
Q

What drug class does Tetracycline belong to?

A

Tetracycline antibiotic

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128
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tetracycline?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

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129
Q

What are the drug targets of Tetracycline?

A

30S ribosomal subunit

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130
Q

What additional information is associated with Tetracycline?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

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131
Q

What drug class does Erythromycin belong to?

A

Macrolide antibiotic

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132
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Erythromycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

133
Q

What are the drug targets of Erythromycin?

A

50S ribosomal subunit

134
Q

What additional information is associated with Erythromycin?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

135
Q

What drug class does Clarithromycin belong to?

A

Macrolide antibiotic

136
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Clarithromycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

137
Q

What are the drug targets of Clarithromycin?

A

50S ribosomal subunit

138
Q

What additional information is associated with Clarithromycin?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

139
Q

What drug class does Azithromycin belong to?

A

Macrolide antibiotic

140
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Azithromycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

141
Q

What are the drug targets of Azithromycin?

A

50S ribosomal subunit

142
Q

What additional information is associated with Azithromycin?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

143
Q

What drug class does Rifamycin belong to?

A

Rifamycin antibiotic

144
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rifamycin?

A

Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis

145
Q

What are the drug targets of Rifamycin?

A

Bacterial RNA polymerase

146
Q

What additional information is associated with Rifamycin?

A

Used to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections

147
Q

What drug class does Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) belong to?

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

148
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis

149
Q

What are the drug targets of Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

150
Q

What additional information is associated with Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

151
Q

What drug class does Levofloxacin (Levaquin) belong to?

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

152
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Levofloxacin (Levaquin)?

A

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis

153
Q

What are the drug targets of Levofloxacin (Levaquin)?

A

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

154
Q

What additional information is associated with Levofloxacin (Levaquin)?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

155
Q

What drug class does Ofloxacin (Floxin) belong to?

A

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

156
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ofloxacin (Floxin)?

A

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis

157
Q

What are the drug targets of Ofloxacin (Floxin)?

A

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

158
Q

What additional information is associated with Ofloxacin (Floxin)?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

159
Q

What drug class does Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) belong to?

A

Sulfonamide antibiotic

160
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)?

A

Inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis

161
Q

What are the drug targets of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase

162
Q

What additional information is associated with Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)?

A

Used to treat various bacterial infections

163
Q

What drug class does Acyclovir belong to?

164
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Acyclovir?

A

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis

165
Q

What are the drug targets of Acyclovir?

A

Viral DNA polymerase

166
Q

What additional information is associated with Acyclovir?

A

Used to treat herpes simplex and varicella-zoster infections

167
Q

What drug class does Zidovudine (Azidothymidine) belong to?

A

Antiretroviral

168
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Zidovudine (Azidothymidine)?

A

Inhibits viral reverse transcriptase

169
Q

What are the drug targets of Zidovudine (Azidothymidine)?

A

Viral reverse transcriptase

170
Q

What additional information is associated with Zidovudine (Azidothymidine)?

A

Used to treat HIV infection

171
Q

What drug class does Lamivudine belong to?

A

Antiretroviral

172
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lamivudine?

A

Inhibits viral reverse transcriptase

173
Q

What are the drug targets of Lamivudine?

A

Viral reverse transcriptase

174
Q

What additional information is associated with Lamivudine?

A

Used to treat HIV and hepatitis B infections

175
Q

What drug class does Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) belong to?

176
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?

A

Inhibits viral neuraminidase

177
Q

What are the drug targets of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?

A

Viral neuraminidase

178
Q

What additional information is associated with Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?

A

Used to treat and prevent influenza

179
Q

What drug class does Zanamivir (Relenza) belong to?

180
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Zanamivir (Relenza)?

A

Inhibits viral neuraminidase

181
Q

What are the drug targets of Zanamivir (Relenza)?

A

Viral neuraminidase

182
Q

What additional information is associated with Zanamivir (Relenza)?

A

Used to treat and prevent influenza

183
Q

What drug class does Baloxavir (Xofluza) belong to?

184
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Baloxavir (Xofluza)?

A

Inhibits viral cap-dependent endonuclease

185
Q

What are the drug targets of Baloxavir (Xofluza)?

A

Viral cap-dependent endonuclease

186
Q

What additional information is associated with Baloxavir (Xofluza)?

A

Used to treat influenza

187
Q

What drug class does Carbidopa levodopa belong to?

A

Dopamine precursor

188
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Carbidopa levodopa?

A

Carbidopa inhibits the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain where it is converted to dopamine

189
Q

What are the drug targets of Carbidopa levodopa?

A

Dopamine receptors in the brain

190
Q

What additional information is associated with Carbidopa levodopa?

A

Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

191
Q

What drug class does Pramipexole belong to?

A

Dopamine agonist

192
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Pramipexole?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain

193
Q

What are the drug targets of Pramipexole?

A

Dopamine receptors

194
Q

What additional information is associated with Pramipexole?

A

Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and restless legs syndrome

195
Q

What drug class does Ropinirole belong to?

A

Dopamine agonist

196
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ropinirole?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain

197
Q

What are the drug targets of Ropinirole?

A

Dopamine receptors

198
Q

What additional information is associated with Ropinirole?

A

Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and restless legs syndrome

199
Q

What drug class does Rotigotine belong to?

A

Dopamine agonist

200
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rotigotine?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain

201
Q

What are the drug targets of Rotigotine?

A

Dopamine receptors

202
Q

What additional information is associated with Rotigotine?

A

Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and restless legs syndrome

203
Q

What drug class does Selegiline belong to?

A

MAO-B inhibitor

204
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Selegiline?

A

Inhibits the breakdown of dopamine in the brain

205
Q

What are the drug targets of Selegiline?

A

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)

206
Q

What additional information is associated with Selegiline?

A

Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

207
Q

What drug class does Entacapone belong to?

A

COMT inhibitor

208
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Entacapone?

A

Inhibits the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery

209
Q

What are the drug targets of Entacapone?

A

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

210
Q

What additional information is associated with Entacapone?

A

Used in combination with levodopa/carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

211
Q

What drug class does Apomorphine belong to?

A

Dopamine agonist

212
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Apomorphine?

A

Stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain

213
Q

What are the drug targets of Apomorphine?

A

Dopamine receptors

214
Q

What additional information is associated with Apomorphine?

A

Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

215
Q

What drug class does Amantadine belong to?

A

Antiviral, dopamine agonist

216
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Amantadine?

A

Increases dopamine release and blocks dopamine reuptake

217
Q

What are the drug targets of Amantadine?

A

Dopamine receptors

218
Q

What additional information is associated with Amantadine?

A

Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and influenza A

219
Q

What drug class does Tetrabenazine belong to?

A

VMAT2 inhibitor

220
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tetrabenazine?

A

Depletes dopamine stores in the brain

221
Q

What are the drug targets of Tetrabenazine?

A

Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2)

222
Q

What additional information is associated with Tetrabenazine?

A

Used in the treatment of Huntington’s disease and tardive dyskinesia

223
Q

What drug class does Haloperidol belong to?

A

Antipsychotic

224
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Haloperidol?

A

Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain

225
Q

What are the drug targets of Haloperidol?

A

Dopamine receptors

226
Q

What additional information is associated with Haloperidol?

A

Used in the treatment of schizophrenia and acute psychosis

227
Q

What drug class does Aspirin belong to?

A

Antiplatelet

228
Q

What are the drug targets of Aspirin?

A

Cyclooxygenase (COX)

229
Q

What additional information is associated with Aspirin?

A

Used to prevent ischemic events

230
Q

What drug class does Celecoxib belong to?

231
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Celecoxib?

A

Selectively inhibits COX-2, reducing inflammation and pain

232
Q

What are the drug targets of Celecoxib?

A

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)

233
Q

What additional information is associated with Celecoxib?

A

Used in the treatment of arthritis and acute pain

234
Q

What drug class does Ibuprofen belong to?

235
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ibuprofen?

A

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing inflammation and pain

236
Q

What are the drug targets of Ibuprofen?

A

Cyclooxygenase (COX)

237
Q

What additional information is associated with Ibuprofen?

A

Used in the treatment of pain, fever, and inflammation

238
Q

What drug class does Indomethacin belong to?

239
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Indomethacin?

A

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing inflammation and pain

240
Q

What are the drug targets of Indomethacin?

A

Cyclooxygenase (COX)

241
Q

What additional information is associated with Indomethacin?

A

Used in the treatment of pain, fever, and inflammation

242
Q

What drug class does Acetaminophen belong to?

A

Analgesic, antipyretic

243
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Acetaminophen?

A

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS

244
Q

What are the drug targets of Acetaminophen?

A

Cyclooxygenase (COX)

245
Q

What additional information is associated with Acetaminophen?

A

Used in the treatment of pain and fever

246
Q

What drug class does Hydrocortisone belong to?

A

Corticosteroid

247
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Hydrocortisone?

A

Reduces inflammation by inhibiting multiple inflammatory cytokines

248
Q

What are the drug targets of Hydrocortisone?

A

Glucocorticoid receptors

249
Q

What additional information is associated with Hydrocortisone?

A

Used in the treatment of inflammation and adrenal insufficiency

250
Q

What drug class does Prednisone belong to?

A

Corticosteroid

251
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Prednisone?

A

Reduces inflammation by inhibiting multiple inflammatory cytokines

252
Q

What are the drug targets of Prednisone?

A

Glucocorticoid receptors

253
Q

What additional information is associated with Prednisone?

A

Used in the treatment of inflammation and autoimmune diseases

254
Q

What drug class does Dexamethasone belong to?

A

Corticosteroid

255
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Dexamethasone?

A

Reduces inflammation by inhibiting multiple inflammatory cytokines

256
Q

What are the drug targets of Dexamethasone?

A

Glucocorticoid receptors

257
Q

What additional information is associated with Dexamethasone?

A

Used in the treatment of inflammation and autoimmune diseases

258
Q

What drug class does Methotrexate belong to?

A

Antimetabolite

259
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Methotrexate?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, reducing DNA synthesis

260
Q

What are the drug targets of Methotrexate?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase

261
Q

What additional information is associated with Methotrexate?

A

Used in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases

262
Q

What drug class does Cyclophosphamide belong to?

A

Alkylating agent

263
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cyclophosphamide?

A

Cross-links DNA, preventing cell division

264
Q

What are the drug targets of Cyclophosphamide?

265
Q

What additional information is associated with Cyclophosphamide?

A

Used in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases

266
Q

What drug class does Cyclosporine belong to?

A

Immunosuppressant

267
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Cyclosporine?

A

Inhibits calcineurin, reducing T-cell activation

268
Q

What are the drug targets of Cyclosporine?

A

Calcineurin

269
Q

What additional information is associated with Cyclosporine?

A

Used in the prevention of organ transplant rejection and treatment of autoimmune diseases

270
Q

What drug class does Abatacept (Orencia) belong to?

A

Immunosuppressant

271
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Abatacept (Orencia)?

A

Inhibits T-cell activation by binding to CD80 and CD86

272
Q

What are the drug targets of Abatacept (Orencia)?

A

CD80, CD86

273
Q

What additional information is associated with Abatacept (Orencia)?

A

Used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

274
Q

What drug class does Rituximab (Rituxan) belong to?

A

Monoclonal antibody

275
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rituximab (Rituxan)?

A

Binds to CD20 on B-cells, leading to their destruction

276
Q

What are the drug targets of Rituximab (Rituxan)?

277
Q

What additional information is associated with Rituximab (Rituxan)?

A

Used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis

278
Q

What drug class does Adalimumab (Humira) belong to?

A

Monoclonal antibody

279
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Adalimumab (Humira)?

A

Binds to TNF-alpha, inhibiting its activity

280
Q

What are the drug targets of Adalimumab (Humira)?

281
Q

What additional information is associated with Adalimumab (Humira)?

A

Used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases

282
Q

What drug class does Morphine belong to?

A

Opioid analgesic

283
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Morphine?

A

Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, reducing pain perception

284
Q

What are the drug targets of Morphine?

A

Opioid receptors

285
Q

What additional information is associated with Morphine?

A

Used in the treatment of severe pain

286
Q

What drug class does Naloxone belong to?

A

Opioid antagonist

287
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Naloxone?

A

Binds to opioid receptors, reversing the effects of opioids

288
Q

What are the drug targets of Naloxone?

A

Opioid receptors

289
Q

What additional information is associated with Naloxone?

A

Used in the treatment of opioid overdose

290
Q

What drug class does Hydromorphone belong to?

A

Opioid analgesic

291
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Hydromorphone?

A

Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, reducing pain perception

292
Q

What are the drug targets of Hydromorphone?

A

Opioid receptors

293
Q

What additional information is associated with Hydromorphone?

A

Used in the treatment of severe pain

294
Q

What drug class does Heroin belong to?

A

Opioid analgesic

295
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Heroin?

A

Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, reducing pain perception

296
Q

What are the drug targets of Heroin?

A

Opioid receptors

297
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Naloxone?

A

Binds to opioid receptors, reversing the effects of opioids.

298
Q

What class of drug is Hydromorphone?

A

Opioid analgesic

299
Q

What is the primary use of Hydromorphone?

A

Used in the treatment of severe pain.

300
Q

True or False: Heroin is used medically in the United States.

301
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Methadone?

A

Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, reducing pain perception.

302
Q

What is Fentanyl primarily used for?

A

Used in the treatment of severe pain.

303
Q

What class of drug is Meperidine?

A

Opioid analgesic

304
Q

What is Codeine used for?

A

Used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain and cough suppression.

305
Q

Fill in the blank: Oxycodone is classified as an _______.

A

Opioid analgesic

306
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Percocet?

A

Combination of oxycodone and acetaminophen, binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, reducing pain perception.

307
Q

What class of drug is Loperamide?

A

Antidiarrheal

308
Q

What is the primary use of Naltrexone?

A

Used in the treatment of opioid and alcohol dependence.

309
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Diazepam?

A

Enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor.

310
Q

What class of drug is Midazolam?

A

Benzodiazepine

311
Q

True or False: Phenobarbital is used in the treatment of seizures.

312
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ethanol?

A

Enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor.

313
Q

What class of drug is Zolpidem?

A

Sedative-hypnotic

314
Q

What is the primary use of Ramelteon?

A

Used in the treatment of insomnia.

315
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Buspirone?

A

Partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors.

316
Q

What class of drug is Acamprosate?

A

Alcohol dependence treatment

317
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Disulfiram?

A

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed.

318
Q

Fill in the blank: Methotrexate is classified as an _______.

A

Antimetabolite, antifolate

319
Q

What is the primary use of 5-FU (Fluorouracil)?

A

Used to treat various cancers, including colorectal and breast cancer.

320
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Vincristine?

A

Inhibits microtubule formation, disrupting mitosis.

321
Q

What class of drug is Paclitaxel (Taxol)?

322
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Dexamethasone?

A

Modulates gene expression, reducing inflammation and immune response.

323
Q

What is the primary use of Adalimumab?

A

Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and other inflammatory conditions.

324
Q

True or False: Mycophenolate Mofetil is used to prevent organ transplant rejection.

325
Q

What class of drug is Sirolimus?

A

Immunosuppressant

326
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Thalidomide Derivatives?

A

Modulate immune response, inhibit angiogenesis.

327
Q

What is the primary use of Ginkgo biloba?

A

Used to improve memory and cognitive function.

328
Q

What class of drug is St. John’s Wort?

A

Herbal supplement

329
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Saw palmetto?

A

Believed to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, reducing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

PHARM FINAL (4 decks)

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