Immunosuppression Flashcards
Innate/Non-specific immunity
always there/always present; doesn’t need to be “turned on”
First and second-line defense
First line defense (3 things)
Surface protection
Physical, chemical and genetic
Second-line defense (4 things)
Cellular and chemical system
Phagocytosis, Inflammation, Fever, Antimicrobial proteins
Aqcuired/Specifdic
needsto develop; encounter specific antigen first
includes specific response for one particular type of pathogen
What 2 types of acquired immunity do we have?
Active vs inactive
Active immunity
actively producing antibodies/t cells
Passive iummunity
receiving from another source; placenta
*can also be produced in a lab
Immune system cytokines (5)
- interleukins
- interferons
- growth factors
- tumor necrosis factor
- chemokines
interleukins
signals among leukocytes
interferons
antiviral proteins that may act as cytokines; draw in WBCs
growth factors
proteins in bone marrow that stimulate stem cells to divide
tumor necrosis factor
secreted by macrophages and t cells to kill tumor cells/regulate immune responses & inflammation
chemokines
chemotactic cytokines that signal leukocytes to move to infectious site and surround it
type 1 hypersensitivity
immediate response; anyphylaxis
type 2 hypersensitivity
antibody mediated; blood type incompatibilities
type 3 hypersensitivity
immune complex (antigen binds to antibody and builds larger structures)
rheumatoid arthritis
type 4 hypersensitivity
ONLY ONE W/O ANTIBODIES
cell-mediated cytotoxic; t cells w/ delayed response
Ex: poison ivy, contact dermatitis, graft rejection
DiGeorge syndrome
no thymus - no t cells
agammaglobinemeia
no b cells - no antibodies
severe combined immunodeficiencey disorder (SCID)
no B or T cells
acquired immune deficiency syndrom
associated w/ HIV; secondary/acquired
who is more affected with autoimmunity?
females
SLE
autoantibodies against DNA
MS
autoantibodies and t-cells against neurons, myelin
MG
destruction of ach receptors
drug categories for immunosuppression (5)
glucocorticoids
calcineurin inhibitors
cytotoxic agents
immunosuppressive antibodies
additional agents
calcineurin inhibitors (2)
cyclosporin, tacrolimus
cyclosporin
peptide abx
cytotoxic agent
azathioprine;
puring antagonist - inhibits purine pathway similar to methotrexate
cyclophosphamide
most commmon alkylating agent
