Pharm Final Flashcards
1
Q
Why cannot tetracycline be used during pregnancy?
A
Tetracycline can cause a permanent discoloration of the teeth and thins out teeth enamel.
It is contraindicated in pregnant women.
2
Q
What dosage schedule should a nurse expect for a client with hypothyroidism starting Levothyroxine?
A
The client will start on a low dose, with gradual increases in dosage.
3
Q
What are adverse effects of Thiazide diuretics?
A
- Dehydration (fluid deficit)
- Electrolyte imbalance
4
Q
What should a patient do before taking Digoxin (Lanoxin)?
A
Take his/her radial pulse for a full 60s.
5
Q
What are the types of Hypertensions?
A
- Primary: unknown cause
- Secondary: specific disease, medications
6
Q
What is important about Alendronate?
A
Sit up 30 minutes after meds.
7
Q
Why are anticoagulants used?
A
A. Fib (rapid heart rate).
8
Q
What is important about Metoprolol?
A
- Check BP
- Withhold med if HR <60
- Taper med
- Don’t stop med abruptly
9
Q
What is important about giving Valproic Acid?
A
- Take exactly as prescribed
- Take missed dose ASAP
- Don’t double dose
- Don’t stop taking med
10
Q
What is Fluoxetine used for?
A
- Depression
- Bulimia Nervosa
11
Q
What is important about Fluoxetine education?
A
Takes longer to work.
12
Q
What is Penicillin used for?
A
Antibiotic, take with food.
13
Q
What is important about Lithium Toxicity?
A
- Tremors
- Dehydration
14
Q
What are the steps for Ear Drop administration for adults?
A
- Pull pinna up and out
- Lie on side, stay there for 5m
- Wait 10m if giving different drops
15
Q
What is Donepezil used for?
A
Alzheimer’s, manages symptoms (Not a cure).
16
Q
What is Benztropine Mesylate used for?
A
Alzheimer’s Disease.
17
Q
What is important about antihypertensive drugs and dialysis?
A
Withhold BP meds before patient goes to dialysis.
18
Q
What is Pancrealipase used for?
A
Reduces fat in stools.
19
Q
What are the steps for Eye drop administration?
A
- Look up at ceiling
- Don’t blink, close eyes for 1m
- Hold nasolacrimal to prevent it spreading systematically
- Wait 10m between 2 types of meds (drops)
20
Q
What is Acarbose used for?
A
Diabetes.
21
Q
What is a nursing consideration for Acarbose?
A
Check liver function test.
22
Q
What is important about Lactulose?
A
- Used on a patient with liver failure
- Laxative
- Can cause diarrhea
- Decreased ammonia levels
23
Q
What labs to monitor when taking Spirolactone?
A
Potassium (Hypokalemia).
Normal value: 3-5.
24
Q
How does Glucagon work?
A
Increases blood sugar / Hypoglycemia.
25
What is Amiodarone used for?
Arrhythmia: Cardiac.
26
What are the 'PINCH' drugs?
* Potassium
* Insulin
* Narcotics = high alert, 2 nurses
* Chemo
* Heparin
27
What instructions should be included for a patient with PUD?
* Seek measures to reduce stress
* Avoid alcohol
28
What adverse effects should a nurse monitor for in a patient taking Enfuvirtide?
* Pneumonia
* Localized Erythema
* Hypotension
29
What should be reinforced in teaching about liquid iron supplements?
* Add foods high in fiber to diet
* Rinse mouth after taking med
* Expect black/green stools
* Add red meat to diet
30
What should you do if you notice a hematoma at an IV catheter insertion site?
* Apply warm compress to insertion site
* Elevate client’s arm
31
What should you do before giving meds?
Check for allergies.
32
What is a side effect of Lipitor (Statin)?
Muscle cramps.
33
What should you do before giving an Albuterol inhaler?
Listen to lung sounds.
34
What is contraindicated when taking Warfarin?
Gingko Biloba.
35
What should you do before administering eye drops?
Remove contacts before putting in drops; wait 15m before putting back in.
36
What is a side effect of Lactulose?
Diarrhea.
37
What should you do if a patient on Lactulose has diarrhea?
Never stop taking the med, notify physician.
38
What medication has the fastest absorption rate?
IV, then IM injections.
39
What is important about chewable child medications?
Teach parents to keep away from children.
40
What should be avoided when taking Fibrates (Statin)?
Avoid grapefruit.
41
What is a common side effect of steroids?
Weight gain.
42
What should you do when a patient gets constipation from taking meds?
* Increase fluid intake
* Increase fiber content
* Exercise
43
What are the side effects of Cogentin/Benztropine?
* Blurred vision
* Overflow incontinence
44
What do corticosteroids do?
* Raise blood glucose
* Decrease the effect of insulin
* Dumps glucose into the bloodstream
45
What is important about powder inhalers?
Rinse mouth after use.
46
When should Synthroid be given?
Give before meals.
47
What does half-life mean on a drug?
The longer the half-life, the less time you have to give it.
48
What should be avoided on psych meds?
Grapefruit.
49
What is the adverse effect of Oxybutin (Ditropin)?
Dry mouth.
50
What is Oxybutin (Ditropin) used for?
Bladder: Urinary conditions.
51
What should be taught about Simvastatin?
Take at night before bed.
52
Why is Urokinase important?
* Clot buster
* Breaks up clots in the lungs.
53
What is Omeprazole used for?
PPI (Protein pump inhibitor), Coats stomach.
54
What type of immunity does a child get from measles from their sibling?
Naturally acquired active.
55
Why might an older adult have a multivitamin supplement prescribed?
A decrease appetite can prevent getting enough essential vitamins.
56
What side effect is common for a patient taking Meclizine (Antivert) for motion sickness?
Drowsiness.
57
What is Meclizine used for?
Vertigo/Motion Sickness.
58
What must you teach a patient about sublingual nitroglycerine?
A tingling sensation under the tongue tells you that the med is potent (is working).
59
What medication is used for Neuropathy?
Lyrica.
60
What are the administration guidelines for IM injections?
* 90 degrees
* Gauge: 20-22
* Needle: 1-1.5
* Holds 1-3ml
* Locations: Deltoid, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Gluteal
* Aspirate for blood
* Z-Track method
61
What is the best response to a spouse asking about Memantine (Namenda) for Alzheimer's?
The med will prevent overstimulation of certain receptors in the brain which seems to be one cause of Alzheimer’s disease.
62
What is Memantine used for?
Alzheimer’s disease; manages symptoms (not a cure).
63
What medications cause oral candidiasis (Thrush)?
Steroid inhalers.
64
Which type of insulin should clients expect a peak effect of 1 to 5h after administration?
Regular Insulin.
65
What adverse effects should a patient report when taking Metformin?
Somnolence (sleep), Lactic Acidosis.
66
What is Metformin used for?
Diabetes.
67
What should you teach about Colchicine?
* Report sore throat
* Report bleeding/bruising
* Avoid foods with Uric Acids
68
What are the guidelines for administration of antacids?
* 2h between other meds (orally)
* Sit up for 30m
69
What is Atropine used for?
Cardiac arrest, Decreasing heart rate.
70
What is a common side effect of Atropine?
Bradycardia.
71
What are the steps for administration of a transdermal patch?
* Clean area
* Remove old patches
* Rotate patch side
* Do not shave
72
What are the steps for administration of a dry powder inhaler?
* Never shake
* Sit up
* Put lips on mouthpieces and take deep breath
* Never wash inhaler
73
What are the insulin peak times?
* NPH 8-10h
* Regular 2-4h
* Lispro 1-2h
74
Which class of drugs is most effective at reducing episodes of gouty arthritis?
Uric acid synthesis inhibitors.
75
What is important about taking NSAIDs before surgery?
Stop 1 week (3-4 days) prior to surgery.
76
What is Flexeril used for?
Muscle Spasms (Muscle Relaxant).
77
What are the first line therapy drugs for TB (Tuberculosis)?
* Isoniazid
* Rifampin
* Pyrazinamide
* Ethambutol
## Footnote
Always finish 100% of dosages.
78
What adverse effects must you watch for after giving Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
* Neutropenia
* Stevens Johnson Syndrome
* Aplastic Anemia
79
Why is good oral hygiene important for patients taking Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
Gingival Hyperplasia.
80
What is important about Antilipidemics?
* Used for cholesterol
* Increased HDL
* Decreased LDL
81
What is Magnesium's adverse effect?
Check EKG, causes diarrhea.
82
What is Magnesium used for?
Relaxes smooth muscles.
83
What is Lanoxin used for?
Arrhythmia.
84
What is the adverse effect of Lanoxin?
Bradycardia.
