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Pharmacology > Pharm Exam I > Flashcards

Pharm Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

The study of drug effects at population level:

A

pharmacoepidemiology

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2
Q

What receptor is involved with Jan-STAT pathway?

A

cytokine

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3
Q

A drug that would be life saving with a patient with an overdose. This will help with breathing…

A

naloxone

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4
Q

Receptor found inside cytoplasm would be bound to:

A

heat shock protein

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5
Q

What act allows drugs to be given to humans before phase I?

A

Investing New Drug Act (IND)

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6
Q

DSHEA does NOT:

A

Substance intended for use in diagnosis, mitigation

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7
Q

Paul Ehrilich is the Father of Modern Chemotherapy. He argued that drug actions not restful of magical “vital forces”. A drug will not work unless it is:

A

bound

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8
Q

Enzymes that make the best targets for drug action are those that:

A

catalyze rate-limiting steps in synthesis of key molecules

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9
Q

Upon binding agonist, insulin receptors form homorimers that phosphorylate intracellular proteins at sites containing:

A

tyrosine

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10
Q

When agonist binds to same site as receptor

A

competitive antagonist

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11
Q

What needs to happen to cross the placental border?

A

high lipophilicity

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12
Q

G protein diversity of effects:

A

Heterogeneity of g-proteins

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13
Q

Which of the following drugs would most likely need a loading dose to help tech therapeutic levels?

A

Colchicine (t1/2= 30 hrs)

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14
Q

Following the agonist activation of a single G-protein coupled receptor, amplification of downstream signal occurs because:

A

duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor

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15
Q

The drug-receptor bonds that would most likely lead to irreversible drug-receptor interaction are:

A

covalent bonds

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16
Q

What determines the degree of movement of a drug between body compartment?

A
  • Partition constant
  • Degree of ionoization
  • pH
  • size

(all of the above)

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17
Q

Aspirin readily donates a proton in aqueous solutions an pyrimethamine readily accepts a proton in aqueous solution. Thus, aspirin is a _____ & Pyramethamine is a ____

A

acid; base

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18
Q

What happens to the dose-response curve for an agonist when increasing concentration of a competitive antagonist is added?

A

shifts to the right

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19
Q

What drug will competitively inhibit the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?

A

lovastatin

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20
Q

What is the best drug for lowering concentrations of circulating plasma proteins?

A

Infliximab

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21
Q

Most drugs are either _____ acids or _____ bases

A

weak; weak

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22
Q

The lipid soluble form of an acid is ______; The lipid soluble form of a base is ____

A

protonated; unprotonated

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23
Q

Bioavailability of IV drugs:

A

100%

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24
Q

First pass effect organ:

A

liver

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25
Q

Which of the following would receive a drug slowly?

A

adipose

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26
Q

Acidic drugs bind primarily to which of the following plasma proteins?

A

albumin

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27
Q

Basic drugs bind primarily to which of the following plasma proteins?

A

alpha glycoprotein

28
Q

Which of the following can produce a systemic and therapeutic response? A drug that is:

a- bound to plasma albumin
b- concentrated in bile
c- not absorbed from the GI tract
d- unbound to plasma proteins

A

d- unbound to plasma proteins

29
Q

If a drug is 80% bound to blood elements or plasma proteins, what part is considered the free form?

A

20%

30
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin) is a CYP-450 2C9 substrate and sulfamethoxole /trimethoprim (Bactrim) is a 2C9 inhibitor. Which of the following effects would be expected if the drugs were co-administered?

A

Increased Warfarin effect

31
Q

Pharmacokinetics is the effect of:

Pharmacodynamics is the effect of:

A

Pharmacokinetics: body on drug

Pharmacodynamics: drug on body

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT a pharmacokinetic process?

A

Adverse effects

33
Q

Which of the following is NOT a pharmacokinetic process?

a- alteration of the drug by hepatic enzymes
b- urinary excretion of inactive drug metabolies
c- deposition of lipophilic drug in adipose tissue
d- drug induced dilation of coronary and peripheral vasculature

A

d- drug induced dilation of coronary and peripheral vasculature

34
Q

Body’s “tank”:

A

volume of distribution

35
Q

For first-order drug elimination, half-life (t-1/2) is at two____ places on the curve and a constant _____ is lost per unit time:

A

equal; percentage

36
Q

Heat shock protein bound receptors:

A

steroid (androgen)

37
Q

Drug that inhibits cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting rate limiting step:

A

lovastatin

38
Q

What describes the movement of a drug between blood and tissues?

A

distribution

39
Q

7 transmembrane spanning domain:

A

g-protein

40
Q

Which of the following is effective?

A

a drug that is unbound to protein

41
Q

Which are non-ionized and pass membranes more readily?

A

protonated weak acids and non-protonated weak bases

42
Q

A target concentration of 7.5mg/ml of theophyliline is required for a 60kg patient. What is the appropriate equation to determine the IV loading dose given the following:

Vd= 0.5L/kg, Cl=0.04L/kg/hr, t1/2=9.3hr

A

D= (Vd x Css) / F

43
Q

Which of the following best describes minimal effective concentration (MEC)?

A

The minimal drug plasma concentration to elicit an effect

44
Q

When charting opioid concentration and respiratory arrest, what does it mean when there is an opioid competitive antagonist involved?

A

you need to have a higher concentration of opioid to have respiratory arrest

45
Q

Equation for loading dose:

A

D= (Vd x Css) / F

46
Q

The study of genetic influences on individual responses to drugs:

A

pharmacogenomics

47
Q

What did the dietary supplement health and education act do?

A

Prohibited FDA review of supplements and botanicals as drugs

48
Q

A patent is generally good for how long after the drug is on the market?

A

5-10 years

49
Q

Protein molecules which function to recognize and respond to endogenous chemical signals and are classified upon the ligands that bind them are called:

A

receptors

50
Q

Which will most likely allow an agonist to bind normally?

A

allosteric agonist????

51
Q

Which of the following only has 1 transmembrane spanning domain?

A

insulin receptor (kinase)

52
Q

Superfamily of receptors that reside inside the cell in the cytoplasm or nucleus:

A

steroid receptors

53
Q

What drug will competitively inhibit the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?

A

lovastatin

54
Q

What is the best drug for lowering concentrations of circulating plasma proteins?

A

monoclonal antibodies (Infliximab)

55
Q

What form of a drug is more lipid-soluble, and thus would remain trapped within a compartment where the pH does not favor the lipid-soluble form?

A

neutral

56
Q

Amount of drug absorbed per the amount administered:

A

bioavailability

57
Q

Which of the following can produce a therapeutic response? A drug that is:

A

unbound to plasma proteins

58
Q

Bactrim is 2C9 inhibitor and Warfarin is the substrate for 2C9. What will happen in someone who takes Bactrim?

A

Warfarin will be enhanced there will be an increase of side effects

59
Q

Substance intended for use in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention:

A

FDA Drug

60
Q

Chemicals developed before drug:

A

1000

61
Q

Testosterone/androgen receptor have what effect?

A

turn on or off gene expression

62
Q

Insulin phosphorylates:

A

tyrosine

63
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor function:

A

inhibit rate limiting step

64
Q

Weak acids are easily excreted in ____ urine. Weak bases are easily excreted in ____ urine.

A

alkaline; acidic

65
Q

Pt overdosed on aspirin:

A

alkaline the urine

66
Q
A

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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