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Pharmacology > OEQ-2023 > Flashcards

OEQ-2023 Flashcards

1
Q

Which has visual side effects aggravated by dental light?

A

Gemfibrozil

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2
Q

LovaSTATIN inhibits:

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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3
Q

What medications cause activation of antithrombin 3?

A

Enoxaparin & Unfractioned heparain

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4
Q

Which medication is an antagonist of the protease activated receptor 1 inhibiting TRAP?

A

Vorapaxar (Zontivity)

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5
Q

Which medications can cause angioedema?

A

Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entestero)

(increased risk of angiodema when an ACE is used alongside an ARB)

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6
Q

What receptor does Losartan block?

A

AT1 receptor

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7
Q

ARB:

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker

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8
Q

What medication may increase triglycerides?

A

Colestipol (bile acid binding agent)

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9
Q

Which of the following would be considered a “moderate intensity” statin?

A

Atorvastatin 10mg

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10
Q

Riociguat can be classified in which group based on mechanism of action?

A

Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator

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11
Q

Which of the following medication classes may cause hyperurecemia?

A

ATP citrate lyase inhibitor (Bempedoic acid) (ACL Inhibitor)

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12
Q

Which of the following medications can have injection site reactions?

A

Evolucumab (PCSK 9 inhibitor)

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13
Q

Which of the following medications can be given intravenously?

A
  1. Bivalirudin
  2. Cangrelor
  3. Unfractioned heparin

(all of the above)

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14
Q

Eplerenone works by by competitively blocking the action of aldosterone? (spiriolactone also does this)

A

Aldosterone

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15
Q

Which medication has a high risk for hyperkalemia?

A

Sacubitril/valsartan (entresto) & spironolactone

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16
Q

Glycoprotein 2b2a is invovledin what step of thrombus formation?

A

aggregation

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17
Q

Release by the kidneys & converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

A

Renin

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18
Q

Vasoconstriction and proliferative action; bound by ANG II:

A

angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1)

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19
Q

What class of drug is a Captopril? What is an adverse reaction?

A

ACE inhibitor; cough

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20
Q

What type of drug is minoxidil? How does it work? What is an adverse reaction?

A
  • Direct acting vasodilator
  • Opens K+ ATP channels
  • hair growth

(DOES NOT UASE HYPERKALEMIA)

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21
Q

Apixiban route of administration?

A

oral agent along with edoxaban and rivaroxaban

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22
Q

What is the route of administration of treprostinil?

A

Oral; inhalation; IV; Sub q

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23
Q

Receptor that endothelin-1 binds to; causes vaso/bronchoconstriction and increases aldosterone secretion:

A

ETa

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24
Q

According to WHO, What group is pulmonary arterial hypertension categorized in?

A

Group 1 (also called primary pulmonary hypertension)

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25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NO?

A

Activates guanylyl cyclase and increases cGMP to cause vasodilation

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26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nitroprusside?

A

increases intracellular nitric oxide concentration to cause smooth muscle relaxation

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27
Q

What is the mechanism of action felodipine?

A

Dihydropyradine calcium blocker; blocks L type calcium channels to LOWER intracellular calcium concentration and cause vasodilation; more selective in peripheral vasculature and more effecting for treating hypertension

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28
Q

What are the adverse effects of spironolactone?

A

aldosterone antagonist to decrease resoprtion and decrease blood volume

  • hyperkalemia
  • man boobs
  • dry mouth
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29
Q

Slidenafil mechanism of action:

A

PDE5 inhibitor; causes vasodilation and also used to treat limp noodles

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30
Q

All drugs that end in “fil” such as sildenafil work to inhibit ____ to cause ____

A

PDE5; vasodilation

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31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bosentan

A

Endothelin 1 receptor antagonist (ETA) and decreases formation of IP3 to cause smooth muscle relaxation of vasodilation

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32
Q

All drugs that end in “Tan” are ____ antagonists and decreases formation of ____ to cause smooth muscle ____ or ____

A

ETA receptor antagonist; IP3; relaxation or vasodilation

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33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fenofibrate?

A

agonist of PPAR alpha (nuclear receptor) increases transciption of lipoprotein lipase , and decreases VLDL and triglyceride levels

34
Q

What is the function of PPAR alpha nuclear receptor?

A

increases synthesis of lipoprotein lipase

35
Q

Ezemtimibe mechanism of action =

A

blocks cholesterol absorption by blocking NPC1L1 transport protein at enterocyte brush border

36
Q

What is the first step in atherosclerosis:

A
  1. endothelial dynsfunction
37
Q

Regarding the steps of atherosclerosis:

  1. _____ dysfunction
  2. ____ injury
  3. ____ deposits into vessel wall
  4. formation of ____
  5. _____ formation
  6. ______
  7. _____ formation
A
  1. ENDOTHELIAL dysfunction
  2. ENDOTHELIAL injury
  3. LDL deposits into vessel wall
  4. formation of FOAM CELLS
  5. FATTY STREAK formation
  6. INFLAMMATION
  7. FIBROUS CAP formation
38
Q

Optimal level of LDL:

A

less than 100 mg/ dL

39
Q

ASCVD info is used to estimate:

A

10 year risk for MI or stroke

40
Q

Risk factors for atherosclerosis:

A
  1. smoking
  2. HTN
  3. HLP
  4. Diabetes
  5. Age
  6. Obesity
  7. Physical inactivity
41
Q

What drugs have the biggest effect on LDL?

A

Statins

(cannot use when pregnant)

42
Q

PCSK-9 enzyme functions to:

A

promote the degradation of LDL receptors

(makes blood LDL receptors higher so we have drugs that inhibit this enzyme)

43
Q

Warfarin coagulation parameter:

A

Monitored using INR/PT

44
Q

The 4 G’s:

A
  1. decreased platelet activation & aggregation
  2. GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (prevent platelet aggregation)
  3. Eptifabatide and tirofiban
45
Q

Virchows triad:

A
  1. stasis
  2. vessel wall injury
  3. hyper coagulability
46
Q

Intrinsic pathway information:

A

all components are present in the blood

47
Q

Intrinsic pathway is monitored by:

A

aPTT

48
Q

What are the vitamin K dependent clotting factors?

A

2,7,9,10

49
Q

Aspirin mechanism of action:

A

Cox 1 inhibitor

50
Q

Heparin mechanism of action:

A

activates antithrombin II to bind both factor Xa and thrombin

51
Q

Aminocaproic mechanism of action:

A

blocks conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

52
Q

P2Y12 Inhibitor name:

A

Prasugral

53
Q

Taladafil mechanism of action (remember this is a “fil”

A

PDE5 inhibitor

(also Slidenafil)

54
Q

Anything that ends in “fil” is a:

A

PDE5 inhibitor

(vascular smooth muscle relaxation due to lowering intracellular calcium)

55
Q

Bempedoic acid mechanism of action:

A

ACL inhibitor

56
Q

Drugs that end in “entan” are :

A

Endothelin 1 receptor antagonist, used to treat pulmonary hypertension function class III and IV

57
Q

What is the reason behind ACE inhibitors causing cough?

A

Bradykinin build up

58
Q

What is responsible for platelet adhesion?

A

Von willebrand factor

59
Q

What are the 3 steps in thrombus formation?

A
  1. Platelet adhesion (VWF)
  2. Platelet activation (ADP, TXA2, & thrombin)
  3. Platelet aggregation (GP 2b/3a)
60
Q

Left sided heart failure resulting in pulmonary hypertension puts a patient in:

A

group 2

61
Q

pulmonary arterial HTN (PAH) - PRIMARY pulmonary HTN, is categorized as:

A

group 1

62
Q

Pulmonary HTN due to lung disease:

A

Group 3

63
Q

Primary = group 1
Hefty lefty = group 2
Diseased girlies= group 3
Chronic girlies = group 4
Unclear girlies = group 5

A
64
Q

Apixaban/edoxaban mechanism of action:

A

bind factor Xa and prevent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

65
Q

Warfarin adverse effects:

A

taste disturbances & purple toes

66
Q

Spironolactone mechanism of action:

A

aldosterone antagonist

67
Q

Prasugrel mechanism of action:

A

P2Y12 inhibitor; antiPlatelet medication

(cangrelor, ticagrelor, clopidogrel)

68
Q

Medications that in in Grel are ___ medications that inhibit ____

A

antiPlatelet; P2Y12

69
Q

Tadalfil mechanism of action (hint: ends in “fil”)

A

PDE5 inhibitor

70
Q

Inhibiting PDE5 (drugs that end in “fil”) work to:

A

increase intracellular cGMP which lowers intracellular calcium resulting in smooth muscle relaxation

71
Q

Bile acid binding agents affects on triglyceride levels?

A

Increase triglyceride levels while decreasing LDL levels

72
Q

Statin adverse effectsL

A

myopathy

(also hepatoxicity and contraindicate in pregnant ppl)

73
Q

Aminocaproic acid mechanism of actin and how its administered:

A

Binds to plasminogen to inhibit plasma activation; used as mouthwash following dental surgery to prevent hemorrhage in patients taking oral anticoagulations

74
Q

Amount of triglycerides in different molecules:

A

Chylomicrons have the highest then VLDL then LDL and then HDL

75
Q

Sildenafil mechanism of action:

A

PDE5 inhibitor

76
Q

Treprostinil route of administration?

A

oral, Inhalation, IV & Sub q

TREP:
Throw it in ur mouth
Really inhale
Extra powerful in the IV
Put this sub Q

77
Q

Virchows triad:

A
  1. stasis
  2. vessel wall injury
  3. hypercoagulability
78
Q

Vitamin K dependent clotting factors:

A

2,7,9,10

79
Q

How do we evaluate warfarin?

A

INR/PT

80
Q

Edoxaban mechanism of action:

A

inhibits conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

81
Q
A

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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