pharm exam 3 Flashcards
meclizine
type of med
what its for
meclizine is a anti-histamine or h1 antagonist medication
its a anti-vomiting medication.
consideration for meclizine
meclizine which is a h2 antagonist, an anti histamine med has anticholinergic effects, its not good for patient w/ narrow angle glaucoma: can cause urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness, sweating, etc..
Mommy has glaucoma, so give her zinc
mommy zinc = meclizine, has = h2
dimenhydrinate
type of med
uses?
h1 antagonist: dimenHydrinate. Hydrinate for H1
dimenHydrinate is used for post-op vomiting and/or motion sickness.
mnemonic: di is for 2 functions: : diana’s motion sickness makes papi vomit.
-also has anticholinergic effects, also not good for narrow angle glaucoma
scopolamine
type of med
uses
scopolamine is an anticholinergic
uses: post-op and motion sickness, end of life death rattle
a lot of hospice patients get it.
mnemonic: hospice is out of scope.
causes anticholinergic effects: not for narrow angle glaucoma
what are anticholinergic effects?
patients are dry. can’t pee, can’t poop. urinary retention, constipation, hallucinations, confusion, dry throat, dry mouth, dry eyes, decreased sweating, blurred vision, tachycardia
dopamine antagonist
give an example
uses
-metoclopramide: amiDe is with amiNe
uses: post-op nausea vomiting, chemo, radiation, anesthetics
why is metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist has lost popularity?
metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist
-extrapyramidal symptoms: tardive dyskinesia w/ continued use, irreversible mvt disorder.
-anticholinergic effects: not for narrow angle glaucoma
pyramidal for pramide, dyskinesia for dopamine antagonist
dopamine antagonist: phenothiazine
name 1
uses and adverse reactions
-promethazine
uses: chemo-induced nausea vomiting, post-op N/V, motion sickness, allergy
anticholinergic effects: not for narrow-angle glaucoma
-prolonged QT interval
EPS: extra-pyramidal symptoms in med that block dopamine receptors (movement dysfunction)
T interval: thazine, promethazine
ondansetron
what type of med is this
what is it for? (uses)
ondanSETRON is a serotonin receptor antagonist
uses: pre/post-op vomiting, most effective in supressing chemo-related nausea/vomiting
adverse effects: HDDFPT
Headache, dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, prolonged QT interval, torsades de pointes
serotonin receptor antagonist causes heart issues
glucocorticoids for vomiting, name 1
what are its adverse reactions
methylprednisone: anti-vomiting by reducing inflammation.
adverse reactions: think of steroids cause: hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypertension, (low k+ or hypokalemia)
anti vomiting med: cannabinoids
name 2 types of med
-uses
cannabinoids med end in binol: and bidiol, dronabinol, cannabidiol
use: chemo induced N/V and AIDS related anorexia
adverse effects of dronabinol, cannabidiol
cannabinoids med
so effects, side effects of marijuana: euphoria, mood changes, and it affects cns: depersonalization, confusion, incoordination, depression, anxiety, manic psychosis, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, mental lapse, orhto hypotension or hypertension, tachycardia
contraindication: psychiatric disorders
may also be used as appetitive stimulant for AIDS patients.
anti-vomiting miscellaneous med: combination medication
give example
side effects/adverse reactions
trimethobenzamide
side/adverse affects: anticholinergic effects
EPS: extrapyrimidal symptoms.
THE METHOS have EPS
Loperamide
type of med
uses and considerations
lOPeramide is an opiod anti-diarrhea med.
considerations: do not take if you have severe hepatic impairment
do not take w/ c-diff infection b/c the diarrhea will stop, c-diff will take longer to cure (diarrhea in c-diff: toxins is coming out)
in general, antidiarrheals should be avoided during c-diff.
anti diarrhea: adsorbents
name 1
considerations
bismuth subsalicylate is an adsorbents. an anti-diarrhea med. subsalicylate has aspirin so don’t give to children during or after flu like or viral illness (reye’s syndrome)
commonly used to treat traveler’s diarrhea
-can be used as an antacid
is black stool a normal findin in a pt taking bismuth subsalicylate (an adsorbents)
yes, bismuth subsalicylate causes black stool, a normal finding.
bismuth subsalicylate can also be used as an antacid
is reddish-brown urine normal in bisacodyl? (a stimulant (contact) laxatives)?
excessive use of bisacodyl can cause —- and —– imbalance.
excessive use of bisacodyl can cause potassium and calcium electrolyte imbalance.
what laxatives may be used for diverticulosis and irritable bowel syndrome and does not cause laxative dependence
psylium: bullk forming laxative
considerations: take enough water w/ psylium husk powder b/c if not it can cause the drug to solidify in the gi tract causing intestinal obstruction.
name a stool softener (both name: generic and group name
emolients
-docusate sodium (which is colace). think of EDS
adverse effects: N/V, abdominal cramp, diarhea
emolients are stool softeners
dad said evening shift is better
d = docusate. said = sodium, evening= emolients
belladonna
an anticholinergic med
has anticholinergic effects
dont use in pt w/ narrow angle glaucoma
what ulcer medication causes dec libido, impotance, gynecomastia, delirium
famotidine: a histamine 2 blocker
think of abcdeFH: FH are the winners
think of finasteride: if finasteride causes dec libido, then so can famotidine.
omeprazole
type of med
uses
considerations
omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor
-a antiulcer medication
considerations: should be taken before meals,
it causes hepatic impairment so check liver enzymes.
ulcer relief in 1 week
what medication is associated w/ c-diff, anemia, hip fractures, osteoporosis, pneumonia
omeprazole
a proton pump inhibitor
omeprazole also interes w/ liver metabolism, so it enhance (inc.) the action of digoxin, oral anticoagulants, benzos, phenytoin
sulcralfate supresses
mnemonic to use
supresses absorption of tetracycline, phenytoin, fat-soluble vitamins, anti-bacterial agents
suppress as in reduces
