pharm exam 3

Question 1

meclizine
type of med
what its for

Answer 1

meclizine is a anti-histamine or h1 antagonist medication
its a anti-vomiting medication.

Question 2

consideration for meclizine

Answer 2

meclizine which is a h2 antagonist, an anti histamine med has anticholinergic effects, its not good for patient w/ narrow angle glaucoma: can cause urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness, sweating, etc..

Mommy has glaucoma, so give her zinc
mommy zinc = meclizine, has = h2

Question 3

dimenhydrinate
type of med
uses?

Answer 3

h1 antagonist: dimenHydrinate. Hydrinate for H1
dimenHydrinate is used for post-op vomiting and/or motion sickness.
mnemonic: di is for 2 functions: : diana’s motion sickness makes papi vomit.
-also has anticholinergic effects, also not good for narrow angle glaucoma

Question 4

scopolamine
type of med
uses

Answer 4

scopolamine is an anticholinergic
uses: post-op and motion sickness, end of life death rattle

a lot of hospice patients get it.

mnemonic: hospice is out of scope.
causes anticholinergic effects: not for narrow angle glaucoma

Question 5

what are anticholinergic effects?

Answer 5

patients are dry. can’t pee, can’t poop. urinary retention, constipation, hallucinations, confusion, dry throat, dry mouth, dry eyes, decreased sweating, blurred vision, tachycardia

Question 6

dopamine antagonist
give an example
uses

Answer 6

-metoclopramide: amiDe is with amiNe
uses: post-op nausea vomiting, chemo, radiation, anesthetics

Question 7

why is metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist has lost popularity?

Answer 7

metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist
-extrapyramidal symptoms: tardive dyskinesia w/ continued use, irreversible mvt disorder.
-anticholinergic effects: not for narrow angle glaucoma

pyramidal for pramide, dyskinesia for dopamine antagonist

Question 8

dopamine antagonist: phenothiazine
name 1
uses and adverse reactions

Answer 8

-promethazine
uses: chemo-induced nausea vomiting, post-op N/V, motion sickness, allergy

anticholinergic effects: not for narrow-angle glaucoma
-prolonged QT interval
EPS: extra-pyramidal symptoms in med that block dopamine receptors (movement dysfunction)
T interval: thazine, promethazine

Question 9

ondansetron
what type of med is this
what is it for? (uses)

Answer 9

ondanSETRON is a serotonin receptor antagonist
uses: pre/post-op vomiting, most effective in supressing chemo-related nausea/vomiting

adverse effects: HDDFPT
Headache, dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, prolonged QT interval, torsades de pointes
serotonin receptor antagonist causes heart issues

Question 10

glucocorticoids for vomiting, name 1
what are its adverse reactions

Answer 10

methylprednisone: anti-vomiting by reducing inflammation.
adverse reactions: think of steroids cause: hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypertension, (low k+ or hypokalemia)

Question 11

anti vomiting med: cannabinoids
name 2 types of med
-uses

Answer 11

cannabinoids med end in binol: and bidiol, dronabinol, cannabidiol
use: chemo induced N/V and AIDS related anorexia

Question 12

adverse effects of dronabinol, cannabidiol

Answer 12

cannabinoids med
so effects, side effects of marijuana: euphoria, mood changes, and it affects cns: depersonalization, confusion, incoordination, depression, anxiety, manic psychosis, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, mental lapse, orhto hypotension or hypertension, tachycardia

contraindication: psychiatric disorders
may also be used as appetitive stimulant for AIDS patients.

Question 13

anti-vomiting miscellaneous med: combination medication
give example
side effects/adverse reactions

Answer 13

trimethobenzamide
side/adverse affects: anticholinergic effects
EPS: extrapyrimidal symptoms.
THE METHOS have EPS

Question 14

Loperamide
type of med
uses and considerations

Answer 14

lOPeramide is an opiod anti-diarrhea med.
considerations: do not take if you have severe hepatic impairment
do not take w/ c-diff infection b/c the diarrhea will stop, c-diff will take longer to cure (diarrhea in c-diff: toxins is coming out)
in general, antidiarrheals should be avoided during c-diff.

Question 15

anti diarrhea: adsorbents
name 1
considerations

Answer 15

bismuth subsalicylate is an adsorbents. an anti-diarrhea med. subsalicylate has aspirin so don’t give to children during or after flu like or viral illness (reye’s syndrome)
commonly used to treat traveler’s diarrhea
-can be used as an antacid

Question 16

is black stool a normal findin in a pt taking bismuth subsalicylate (an adsorbents)

Answer 16

yes, bismuth subsalicylate causes black stool, a normal finding.

bismuth subsalicylate can also be used as an antacid

Question 17

is reddish-brown urine normal in bisacodyl? (a stimulant (contact) laxatives)?
excessive use of bisacodyl can cause —- and —– imbalance.

Answer 17

excessive use of bisacodyl can cause potassium and calcium electrolyte imbalance.

Question 18

what laxatives may be used for diverticulosis and irritable bowel syndrome and does not cause laxative dependence

Answer 18

psylium: bullk forming laxative
considerations: take enough water w/ psylium husk powder b/c if not it can cause the drug to solidify in the gi tract causing intestinal obstruction.

Question 19

name a stool softener (both name: generic and group name

Answer 19

emolients
-docusate sodium (which is colace). think of EDS
adverse effects: N/V, abdominal cramp, diarhea

emolients are stool softeners

dad said evening shift is better
d = docusate. said = sodium, evening= emolients

Question 20

belladonna

Answer 20

an anticholinergic med
has anticholinergic effects
dont use in pt w/ narrow angle glaucoma

Question 21

what ulcer medication causes dec libido, impotance, gynecomastia, delirium

Answer 21

famotidine: a histamine 2 blocker
think of abcdeFH: FH are the winners

think of finasteride: if finasteride causes dec libido, then so can famotidine.

Question 22

omeprazole
type of med
uses
considerations

Answer 22

omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor
-a antiulcer medication
considerations: should be taken before meals,
it causes hepatic impairment so check liver enzymes.
ulcer relief in 1 week

Question 23

what medication is associated w/ c-diff, anemia, hip fractures, osteoporosis, pneumonia

Answer 23

omeprazole

a proton pump inhibitor

omeprazole also interes w/ liver metabolism, so it enhance (inc.) the action of digoxin, oral anticoagulants, benzos, phenytoin

Question 24

sulcralfate supresses
mnemonic to use

Answer 24

supresses absorption of tetracycline, phenytoin, fat-soluble vitamins, anti-bacterial agents
suppress as in reduces

Question 25

misoprostol
which med is it

Answer 25

prostagladin analogue
use for NSAID induced ulcer
-not good for pregnancy & for women of childbearing age
it may be taken w/ nsaid.

prostagladin not good for pregnancy

midwives dont use misoprostol

Question 26

what type of med is metformin
and what class?

Answer 26

oral diabetic agent
-biguanide

Question 27

what type of med and class is glipizide

Answer 27

oral diabetic agent
sulfonylureas
-caution in liver impairement or renal impairement, elderly, debilitated, malnourished
-can cause hypoglycemia, especially if taken w/ alcohol

all oral diabetic med have inc. effects w/ alcohol.

Question 28

what oral antidiabetic med causes flu like symptoms

Answer 28

glinides (meglitinides)
repaglinide is the prototype
it can also cause hypoglycemia, upper respiratory tract infections, and back pain
aBcdeFGHI:
F for flu like symptoms.
G for glinides
H: hypoglycemia
I: infections

Question 29

why are sulfonylureas(oral antidiabetic med) not good for elderly?

Answer 29

ex: is glipizide
they can inc. risk of hypoglycemia. and elderlies are more likeluy to heart heart problems, so bc in renal and liver. they’re also not good for malnourished pt, and pt who are debilitated.

Question 30

name an alpha glucosidase inhibitor. what its for. and adverse effects

Answer 30

acarbose. start w/ A
has gi effects: abdominal cramps, flatulence (farting), diarrhea. po 3x a day.