exam 1 Flashcards
procanamide is an antidysrhytmic use for?
side effects?
warning?
a. paroxysmal atrial tach, supraventricular arhytmia
b: hypotension, bradycardia, heart blocks, prolong qt interval, wide qrs
warning: agruolocyte, neutropenia(low # of neutrophils), bone marrow depression, prolonged neuromuscular blockade
what specific medication is good for ventricular SVT, atrial dysrhytmia (rapid afib), hypertension. hint: its selective beta blocker, what type of drug is it? anti—
metoprolol, antidysrhytmic
what antidysrhytmic causes blue-gray skin color & may also cause hyper/hypothyroidism?
amiodorone
can also cause hepatic dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy: damage nerve located outside of brain & spinal cord
uses for amiodorone
vfib, vtach, afib, aflutter
name 4 types of antidysrhytmic
metoprolol, CCB (diltiazem, nefrodipin), amiodorone, procanamide
what do you need to monitor when giving antidysrhytmics? 5 things
what 3 things should you avoid?
liver enzymes (AST/ALT), renal function, monitor ecg (prolonged QT interval), monitor heart rate & bp
avoid alcohol, caffeine, tobocco
name a loop diuretic?
name 4 use of loop diuretic
what are some adverse reactions?
why should you put loop diuretic slow?
when should you not give loop diuretic
furosemide is a loop diuretic
its used for: HTN, ascites, pulmonary edema, heart failure, menieres disease (fluid buildup in inner ear), renal disease
tinnitus, permanent or reversible hearing loss, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia, hypERglycemia
put slow to protect hearing
dont give if the person has anuria: failure of the kidney to produce urine, and also cross-reactivity (allergic)
diuretic: thiazide
name 1
how is it diff from loop diuretic, what are some side effects?
hydroclorothiazide: first line of treatment for hypertension, dad had it first, before lisonopril
use for HF, edema
very similar except it causes hypERcalcemia
also causes hypomg, hypoK, hyponatremia,
what is spironolactone? and what it is used for?
A potassium-sparing diuretic
use for pt w/ hypokalemia, HF, PE, cirrhosis, ascites, HTN, nephotic syndrome, transender, primary hyperaldosteronism
what diuretic can causes metabolic acidosis as an adverse effects
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: ex: acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase turn water + co2 into bicarbonate (hco3-), so if you inhibit that, it alkalizes the ph, or even stronger may cause acidosis
what diuretic helps treat primary hyperaldosteronism
potassium sparing diuretic, aka spironolactone (aldactone, caropsir)
an adverse reaction of a diuretic is and gynecomastia (large breast in boys), what diuretic is it?
K+ sparing diuretic, ex: spironolactone
what do carbonicanhydrase inhibitors do? name 1
a diuretic (ex: acetazolamide)
remove fluid from eyes (glaucoma)
use for metabolic acidosis, parathesia, steven johnson, altitude sickness
which diuretic is only offered in IV form and neuro status needs to be monitor
a. furosemide
b. acetazolamide
c. thiazide
d. mannitol
mannitol is an osmotic diuretic, only offered in IV form.
neuro status need to be monitor
that diuretic decreases pressure in the brain thats why.
adverse effects: pulmonary edema (if the fluid has nowhere to go after using the med), fluid/electrolyte imbalance
contraindications: HF, kidney failure, hyperglycemia
if a patient has hyperglycemia, which diuretic can they take? which can’t they take
they can take thiazide, acetazolamide (CA inhibitor)
they can’t take furosemide (loop diuretic), mannitol (osmotic diuretic), potassium sparing diuretic (spironolactone)
if someone has HF, which diuretic is not good for them?
mannitol
alpha 2 agonist (clonidine)
why is it not the preffered drug for hypertension?
rebound hypertensive if stopped abruptly
adverse effects: same as other antihypertensive med: bradycardia, hypotension, heart blocks, dizziness.
additionaly: peripheral edema, water retention
CLONI? NOT ME
you should not use beta blockers with
not advise to use with calcium channel blockers, antihypertensive, antidisrhytmic meds
what med can you use in severe hypertension?
hydralazine (a direct acting arteriolar vasodilator)
HEIR: hydralazine is emergency, recognize
can cause: palpitations, tachycardia, gi bleed, lupus symptoms, etc..
Prazosin
effective for blacks with HTN, also used to treat BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia): PRAZOSIN PROSTATIC, I took PRAZOSIN for my PROSTATE
I can use this hypertensive med with other medications, especially loop diuretic
negative: I can’t use for HF, heart block, cardio shock, severe bradycardia
carvediol: this cave combines well with this other cave
what antihypertensive med cause angioedema cough, hyperkalemia?
lisonopril
treats hypertension and heart failure
Losartan uses and side effects
like Lisonopril, Losartan is a hypertension medicine
can cause dizziness, diarrhea, insomnia
LIsonopril is better for Insomnia, b/c losartan may cause insomnia
Lisonopril also better for dIarrhea
but if someone has a cough, losartan is better
when would you give losartan and when would you give lisonopril
-cough
-diarrhea
-insomnia
-
lisonopril better for diarrhea, insomnia
losartan is better for someone w/ a cough
