Pharm Exam 2:2 Flashcards
Ampicilin contraindications and uses
Avoid with Renal insufficiency
use for gram + and gram - bacteria
adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Penicillin adverse reactions
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
accidental pregnancy
C: child care
C: Cillins - penincillin, amoxicillin
C: Cycline - doxycycline, tetracycline
oral contraceptives ineffective
Use additional contraception like IUD
No alcohol when on antibiotics
because antibiotics are hard on the liver
Cephalosphorin contraindications
hypersensitivity to cephalospherin or a generation of cephalasphorin. hypersensitivity to other beta lactam
alcohol may cause a disulfiram reaction when taking cephaslophorin
cephalosporin adverse reactions
renal: nephrotoxicity
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
neuro: decreases seizure threshold
and allergic reactions (anaphylaxis reactions)
cefotetan and alcohol –> disulfiram like reaction.
flushing, dizziness, headache, N/V
what are cephalexin, cefaclor, ceftriaxone, cefepime, and ceftaroline
cephalosporins
first generation vs 5th generation cephalosphorin
1st gen: ex: cephalexin. are effective against gram +
2nd: broader, +, -, but not Pseudomonas (cefaclor)
4th generation are effective against Pseudomonas, gram + & - (ex: cefepime)
5th generation: IV only for treatment of MRSA/ ex: ceftaroline
what is ceftaroline used for
what is the iv form of ceftaroline used for?
5th generation, its a cephalosphorin antibiotic. the IV form is only for treatment for MRSA
Macrolides
name examples of this drug
erythroMYCINS
macrolides: erythromycin, azithromycin, etc..
what is marolides (erythroMYCINS) used for?
respiratory infections, gi tract infections, mycoplasma(an std), chlamydia, legionella (lung infection)
I took erythromycin for my chlamydia
adverse effects of macrolides (MYCINS)
GI distress
hepatoxicity/ ototoxicity (ear infection)
superinfection (it can cause an additional infection)
prolonged QT interval (heart issue)
what medications can you not you erythroMycins with?
STATIN. think MYCINS don’t work with STATINS
ex: simvastatin, lovastatin
Clindamycin
name an ex:
uses and side effects
is it ok with renal issues or no?
clindamycin is a lincosamide
is used for
osteomyletis, toxic shock syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease, septic arthritis, skin & soft tissue infection
side effects and contraindications of lincosamides (clindamyocin)
C-diff (C difficile colitis)
think of lincosadiff, or clean cdiff
hypersensitivity to clindamycin
Vancomycin (class is glycopeptides)
vancomyocin is good for it (ends in is)
use: sepsis, C-diff, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, skin & soft tissue infection
when do you use oral vs IV vancomyocin
IV for MRSA
oral for C-diff
what causes red man syndrome or vancomyocin flushing syndrome (VFS): (like how does it occur)? and what do you do when this happens?
rapid IV infusion of vancomycin
must infuse as follow:
500 mg in 1hr (60mn)
1000 mg in 1hr30 (120mn)
stop infusion
when taking vancomyocin, monitor for
diarrhea
inc. chances of getting cdiff, which can cause diarrhea for up to 2 months.
what causes cdiff the most?
exposure to antibiotics. most common: cephalosporins (especially 2nd & third generation), the fluoroquinolones, ampicillin/amoxiccilin, and clindamycin
Tetracylcine is used for
broad spectrum (+, -), atypical bacteria, H-pyloria infection (stomach acid), acne vulgaris, anthrax
don’t take tetracycline if
pregnant
its a teratogenic.
irritating to gastric mucosa
avoid in children under 8yrs with teeth discoloration and impact on long bones
-continuous use = bacterial resistance
avoid sun or wear sun blocks
do not give tetracycline with (2)
diary products or antacids
AminoGlycosides, give an example and talk about it
hint: G
ex: Gentamicin
cannot be absorbed from the GI tract
so cannot be given oral, has to be IV or IM.
-does not cross blood-brain barrier
