Pharm Exam 2:2

Question 1

Ampicilin contraindications and uses

Answer 1

Avoid with Renal insufficiency

use for gram + and gram - bacteria
adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 2

Penicillin adverse reactions

Answer 2

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 3

accidental pregnancy
C: child care
C: Cillins - penincillin, amoxicillin
C: Cycline - doxycycline, tetracycline

oral contraceptives ineffective
Use additional contraception like IUD

Question 4

No alcohol when on antibiotics

Answer 4

because antibiotics are hard on the liver

Question 5

Cephalosphorin contraindications

Answer 5

hypersensitivity to cephalospherin or a generation of cephalasphorin. hypersensitivity to other beta lactam

alcohol may cause a disulfiram reaction when taking cephaslophorin

Question 6

cephalosporin adverse reactions

Answer 6

renal: nephrotoxicity
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
neuro: decreases seizure threshold
and allergic reactions (anaphylaxis reactions)

cefotetan and alcohol –> disulfiram like reaction.
flushing, dizziness, headache, N/V

Question 7

what are cephalexin, cefaclor, ceftriaxone, cefepime, and ceftaroline

Answer 7

cephalosporins

Question 8

first generation vs 5th generation cephalosphorin

Answer 8

1st gen: ex: cephalexin. are effective against gram +
2nd: broader, +, -, but not Pseudomonas (cefaclor)
4th generation are effective against Pseudomonas, gram + & - (ex: cefepime)
5th generation: IV only for treatment of MRSA/ ex: ceftaroline

Question 9

what is ceftaroline used for
what is the iv form of ceftaroline used for?

Answer 9

5th generation, its a cephalosphorin antibiotic. the IV form is only for treatment for MRSA

Question 10

Macrolides
name examples of this drug

Answer 10

erythroMYCINS

macrolides: erythromycin, azithromycin, etc..

Question 11

what is marolides (erythroMYCINS) used for?

Answer 11

respiratory infections, gi tract infections, mycoplasma(an std), chlamydia, legionella (lung infection)

I took erythromycin for my chlamydia

Question 12

adverse effects of macrolides (MYCINS)

Answer 12

GI distress
hepatoxicity/ ototoxicity (ear infection)
superinfection (it can cause an additional infection)
prolonged QT interval (heart issue)

Question 13

what medications can you not you erythroMycins with?

Answer 13

STATIN. think MYCINS don’t work with STATINS
ex: simvastatin, lovastatin

Question 14

Clindamycin
name an ex:
uses and side effects
is it ok with renal issues or no?

Answer 14

clindamycin is a lincosamide
is used for
osteomyletis, toxic shock syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease, septic arthritis, skin & soft tissue infection

Question 15

side effects and contraindications of lincosamides (clindamyocin)

Answer 15

C-diff (C difficile colitis)
think of lincosadiff, or clean cdiff
hypersensitivity to clindamycin

Question 16

Vancomycin (class is glycopeptides)

Answer 16

vancomyocin is good for it (ends in is)
use: sepsis, C-diff, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, skin & soft tissue infection

Question 17

when do you use oral vs IV vancomyocin

Answer 17

IV for MRSA
oral for C-diff

Question 18

what causes red man syndrome or vancomyocin flushing syndrome (VFS): (like how does it occur)? and what do you do when this happens?

Answer 18

rapid IV infusion of vancomycin
must infuse as follow:
500 mg in 1hr (60mn)
1000 mg in 1hr30 (120mn)
stop infusion

Question 19

when taking vancomyocin, monitor for

Answer 19

diarrhea
inc. chances of getting cdiff, which can cause diarrhea for up to 2 months.

Question 20

what causes cdiff the most?

Answer 20

exposure to antibiotics. most common: cephalosporins (especially 2nd & third generation), the fluoroquinolones, ampicillin/amoxiccilin, and clindamycin

Question 21

Tetracylcine is used for

Answer 21

broad spectrum (+, -), atypical bacteria, H-pyloria infection (stomach acid), acne vulgaris, anthrax

Question 22

don’t take tetracycline if

Answer 22

pregnant
its a teratogenic.
irritating to gastric mucosa
avoid in children under 8yrs with teeth discoloration and impact on long bones
-continuous use = bacterial resistance
avoid sun or wear sun blocks

Question 23

do not give tetracycline with (2)

Answer 23

diary products or antacids

Question 24

AminoGlycosides, give an example and talk about it
hint: G

Answer 24

ex: Gentamicin
cannot be absorbed from the GI tract
so cannot be given oral, has to be IV or IM.

-does not cross blood-brain barrier

Question 25

adverse reactions of aminoGlycosides or Gentamicin and monitor what?

Answer 25

gentamicin may cause superinfection (an additional infection)
nephrotoxicity/toxicity (ear)
thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), gentamicin were found to cause low platelet (thrombocytopenia) count
GENTLE ON THE PLATELET

monitor BUN/CREAT/eGFR

Question 26

ciproFloxacin: what type is it? and uses?

Answer 26

fluoroquinolone: JUB, BBI, PG
joint, bone, bactericidalUTI, bactericidal, bone, & joint infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, gonorrhea
Not good for sun (photosensitivity)
No fun in the sun

Question 27

why can ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) be severe
hint S

Answer 27

suicidal ideation, seizures, prolonged qt interval, dizziness

other sides effects are gi distress, ruprutred achilles tendon, headache

Question 28

when should you not use fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)

Answer 28

MG, pt receiving warfarin, seizure disorder, depression (cause it can already cause suicideal ideation)
it can cause cdiff infection (watery bowel movement)

Question 29

daptomycin, a lipopeptide: adverse effects

Answer 29

chest pain, edema, insomnia, rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage)
CP, REM neuropathy

contraindications: hypersensitivity to daptomycin

Question 30

Sulfonamides

Answer 30

avoid sun at all cost, drink plenty of fluid
uses: TRAVELERS Diarrhea, respiratory inf., uti, prostatis

Question 31

adverse effects of sulfonamides

Answer 31

hyperkalemia (high k+)
cross sensitivity with furoSemide
Steven johnson syndrome
blood dyscrasias
decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives: (use other form of birth control)
don’t take if pregnant or nursing, or allergic