Pharm Exam 2 (B) Flashcards
Facts about Beta2 Agonists
- The help relax the muscles making the air way bigger.
🔶 SABAs
- Albuterol and Levalbuterol
- they start working in 5 mins and lasts a few hours)
- its rescue medications
🔶 LABAs
- They have a slow onset of actions but last for 12 hours.
High yield concepts of Digoxin
- Narrow therapeutic index
- GI disturbances
- Visual disturbance ( yellow & blurred vision)
- Dysrhythmias
- Digoxin immune fab
Facts about Nitroglycerin?
- Available as :-
* Sublingual tablets.
* Translingual sprays
* Oral capsules (sustained release)
* Transdermal Patches
* Topical Ointment
* IV injection
Signs and symptoms of Angina
- Pain beneath the sternum.
- Pain radiating from the left arm to the jaw.
- Sharp pain
High yield concepts of Montelukast
- Usually well tolarated.
- Causes mood changes
- Causes suicidal ideation.
Sign and symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
- Tachycardia
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
Signs and symptoms of Heart failure?
- Left-sided failure (lungs & crackles)
- Right-sided failure (fluid buildup, edema)
- ## Cardiogenic shock (lack or O2 in the brain)
Amiodraone Toxicity
- Lung problems (Pulmonary fibrosis)
- Liver issue (hepatotoxicity)
- Thyroid problems (hypothyroidism/Hyperthyroidism)
- Eye problems (optic neuropathy & corneal deposits)
Asthma worsens at __________?
Night
High yield concepts of Beta 2 Agonist?
- Acute attacks
- Order of administration
- Increased Sympathetic stimulation
- LABA monotherapy warning
High Cholesterol and high blood pressure can lead to?
- The build-up of fatty streaks in arteriers
( Atherosclerosis)
What are the three major medication options for Allergic Rhinitis?
- Antihistamines
- Nasal glucocorticoids
- Decongestants
Facts about Decongestants?
- They relieve Nasal congestions.
High yield concepts of Adenosine/
- Has very short half life (less than 10 secs)
- Must be infused very quickly via IV line (push rapidly 1-2 secs).
- Can cause the heart to temporarily stop and resets its rhythm.
- Dyspnea.
- Reports of impending sense of doom.
Facts about Digoxin?
- It has a Narrow therapeutic index
- Vagal Nerve Stimulation - (slows down the heart)
- Sodium, Potassium-ATPase inhibition (If K+ is high, Digoxin is low and vise visa)
High yield concepts of Levothyroxine?
- Insomnia
- Drug interactions
- Drug toxicity
- Lifelong therapy
- Dose adjustment
- Changing brands
Variant Angina/ Prinzmetal’s Angina
- The Pt have Coronary Arteries that Spasms.
- It happens while the Pt is Resting or Sleeping.
Allergic Rhinitis is also called ________?
Hay fever
High yield concepts for Nitroglycerin?
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Headache
- Teaching for Sublingual Nitroglycerin
- Proper storage
- Nitrate free intervals
- Incompatibility with Erectile dysfunction drugs
Alpha 1 Receptors
- They are found in the Arteries.
- When activated they cause Vasoconstriction, which causes an increased blood pressure.
Signs of Heparin crisis?
- Low Platelets (no platelets)
- Alot of Blood clots
Examples of Angina Medications?
- Nitrates
- Beta-Blockers 1
- Calcium channel blockers
Facts about Adrenergic Agonists?
- Epinephrine - Treats severe allergic reactions and cardiac arrest.
- Dopamine - Used to treat hypotension, and also helps increase blood flow in the kidneys.
- Dobutamine - Its used short term (48 hrs) to treat heart failure.
- Norepinephrine - Used to treat sever hypotension or shock.
Inhaled glucocorticoid medications
(They end with “Sone”)
- Budesonide
- Fluticasone
- Mometasone
Medication options of Cholesterol?
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
- Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
- Fibrates
- Bile-acid sequestrants
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Angina occurs when?
- The heart muscles need more oxygen.
Examples of Decongestants?
(They end with “rine”)
- Phenylephrine
- Pseudoephedrine (ingredient of Crystal Meth)
Major classes of Dysrhythmias medications
- Class 1a, 1b, 1c - N+channel blockers (Lidocaine)
- Class II - Beta blockers (Propranolol)
- Class III - K+ channel blockers (Amiodarone)
- Class IV - Ca2+ channel blockers (Verapamil)
DVT is a blood clot that starts from the ________?
Leg
Facts about Amiodarone?
- Prescribed for many Dysrhythmias including Atrial Fibrillation.
- It blocks the Na+ channels, beta receptors, Calcium channels.
- Its a very lipid soluble.
- Has a very long half life (about 100 days)
Which two Anticoagulants should we monitor with labs?
- Warfarin - INR
- Heprarine - PT
- Enoxaparin - anti-Xa (0.6
Facts about Antithrombins
- They are Old Anticoagulants
- They start working immediately
- Prevents and treats various thromboembolic disorders (DVT, PE, Atrial fibrillation)
What are the signs of Digoxin toxicity?
- GI disturbance
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Anorexia
- Bradydysrhythmias (most feared)
- dizziness
- Fatigue
- Fainting
Facts about Nitrates?
- Prescribed Angina Pectoris.
- Prescribed for Acute heart attacks (MI)
Facts about Theophylline?
- Its an old respiratory drug
- Prescribed for Asthma and COPD
- Its a Narrow therapeutic index drug.
- It belongs to a small group of drugs called Methylxanthines.
- Causes brochodilation.
Why do we need cholesterol?
- It makes hormones
High yield concepts of Warfarin?
- Warfarin monitoring - (INR between 2 and 3)
- Dietary Vitamin K (Antidote)
- Bleeding - (Use soft toothbrush & Electric razor)
Examples of Heart failure medications?
- Digoxin
- Adrenergic agonists
- ACE Inhibitors
- Diuretics
- ARBs
- Beta-blockers
Dopamine Receptors
- They are found in the Kidneys.
- When activated they help increase blood flow.
Sign and symptoms of DVT?
- Pain
- Swelling
- Redness
Unstable Angina
- Happens when one of the plaques in the Coronary artery raptures and causes a clot that partially blocks the vessels.
- It happens at anytime. its considered a Medical Emergency.
Facts about Inhaled anticholinergics?
- These is used in Emergency situations.
- They cause bronchodilation.
Signs and symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?
- Runny nose
- Sneezing
- Itchy eyes
- Nasal Congestion
Facts about Nasal Glucocorticoids?
- These are steroids that are sprayed into the nose.
- They treat Allergic Rhinitis.
High yield concepts of Ezetimide?
- It well tolerated, when combined with a statin.
- Myopathy.
- Hepatotoxicity.