Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q

Which two Anticoagulants should we monitor with labs?

A
  • Warfarin - INR
  • Heprarine - PT
  • Enoxaparin - anti-Xa (0.6
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2
Q

What are the Risk factor for DVT?

A
  • Smoking
  • Immobility
  • Surgeries
  • Trauma
  • Cancers
  • Oral contraceptives
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3
Q

DVT clots get stuck in the _____?

A

Lungs

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4
Q

DVT is a blood clot that starts from the ________?

A

Leg

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5
Q

Sign and symptoms of DVT?

A
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Redness
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6
Q

Sign and symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Chest pain
  • Dyspnea
  • Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
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7
Q

Medications that treat Blood clots?

A
  • Warfarin
  • Antithrombins
  • Novel oral anticoagulants
  • Antiplatelet medications
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8
Q

Facts about Warfarin

A
  • Its an Old Anticoagulant.
  • Most common blood thinner
  • INR lab monitoring when taking this meds
  • Prevents blot formation in the heart valves.
  • Prevents and treats various thromboembolic disorders (DVT, PE, Atrial fibrillation, heart attacks)
  • They take 5 days to reach the therapeutic level.
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9
Q

High yield concepts of Warfarin?

A
  • Warfarin monitoring - (INR between 2 and 3)
  • Dietary Vitamin K (Antidote)
  • Bleeding - (Use soft toothbrush & Electric razor)
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10
Q

Facts about Antithrombins

A
  • They are Old Anticoagulants
  • They start working immediately
  • Prevents and treats various thromboembolic disorders (DVT, PE, Atrial fibrillation)
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11
Q

Examples of Antithrombins?

A

(They end with “parin)

  • Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
  • Heparin
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12
Q

High yield concepts of Antithrombins?

A
  • Bleeding
  • Enoxaparin administration (Love handles SubQ)
  • Lab monitoring of Enoxaparin
  • Lab monitoring of Heparin Check PTT btw 60 & 80 secs.
  • Antidote - “Protamine sulfate”
  • Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - Heparin crisis
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13
Q

Signs of Heparin crisis?

A
  • Low Platelets (no platelets)
  • Alot of Blood clots
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14
Q

When should a Nurse hold on to Heparin or stop it?

A
  • When the Platelet levels drop.
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15
Q

Facts about Novel oral Anticoagulation?

A
  • They are Newer Anticoagulants.
  • They prevent clots and cause fewer brain bleeds.
  • Prevents and treats various thromboembolic disorders (DVT, PE, and Atrial fibrillation)
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16
Q

Examples of Novel oral Anticoagulation?

A
  • Apixaban
  • Dabigatran
  • Rivaroxaban
17
Q

High yield concepts of Novel oral Anticoagulation?

A
  • Bleeding
  • GI Bleeds
  • Dabigatran storage - (Keep dry & away from moisture)
18
Q

Facts about Clopidogrel

A
  • Its prescribed to Pt with a history of Heart attacks, Ischemic stroke & peripheral arterial disease.
19
Q

High yield concepts of Clopidogrel?

A
  • Bleeding
  • Drug interactions (its often combined with Aspirin to increase effectiveness, but also increases the risk of bleeding