Anticoagulants Flashcards
1
Q
Which two Anticoagulants should we monitor with labs?
A
- Warfarin - INR
- Heprarine - PT
- Enoxaparin - anti-Xa (0.6
2
Q
What are the Risk factor for DVT?
A
- Smoking
- Immobility
- Surgeries
- Trauma
- Cancers
- Oral contraceptives
3
Q
DVT clots get stuck in the _____?
A
Lungs
4
Q
DVT is a blood clot that starts from the ________?
A
Leg
5
Q
Sign and symptoms of DVT?
A
- Pain
- Swelling
- Redness
6
Q
Sign and symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
A
- Tachycardia
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
7
Q
Medications that treat Blood clots?
A
- Warfarin
- Antithrombins
- Novel oral anticoagulants
- Antiplatelet medications
8
Q
Facts about Warfarin
A
- Its an Old Anticoagulant.
- Most common blood thinner
- INR lab monitoring when taking this meds
- Prevents blot formation in the heart valves.
- Prevents and treats various thromboembolic disorders (DVT, PE, Atrial fibrillation, heart attacks)
- They take 5 days to reach the therapeutic level.
9
Q
High yield concepts of Warfarin?
A
- Warfarin monitoring - (INR between 2 and 3)
- Dietary Vitamin K (Antidote)
- Bleeding - (Use soft toothbrush & Electric razor)
10
Q
Facts about Antithrombins
A
- They are Old Anticoagulants
- They start working immediately
- Prevents and treats various thromboembolic disorders (DVT, PE, Atrial fibrillation)
11
Q
Examples of Antithrombins?
A
(They end with “parin)
- Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- Heparin
12
Q
High yield concepts of Antithrombins?
A
- Bleeding
- Enoxaparin administration (Love handles SubQ)
- Lab monitoring of Enoxaparin
- Lab monitoring of Heparin Check PTT btw 60 & 80 secs.
- Antidote - “Protamine sulfate”
- Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) - Heparin crisis
13
Q
Signs of Heparin crisis?
A
- Low Platelets (no platelets)
- Alot of Blood clots
14
Q
When should a Nurse hold on to Heparin or stop it?
A
- When the Platelet levels drop.
15
Q
Facts about Novel oral Anticoagulation?
A
- They are Newer Anticoagulants.
- They prevent clots and cause fewer brain bleeds.
- Prevents and treats various thromboembolic disorders (DVT, PE, and Atrial fibrillation)
16
Q
Examples of Novel oral Anticoagulation?
A
- Apixaban
- Dabigatran
- Rivaroxaban
17
Q
High yield concepts of Novel oral Anticoagulation?
A
- Bleeding
- GI Bleeds
- Dabigatran storage - (Keep dry & away from moisture)
18
Q
Facts about Clopidogrel
A
- Its prescribed to Pt with a history of Heart attacks, Ischemic stroke & peripheral arterial disease.
19
Q
High yield concepts of Clopidogrel?
A
- Bleeding
- Drug interactions (its often combined with Aspirin to increase effectiveness, but also increases the risk of bleeding
