Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Digoxin (lanoxin)
A
-
Positive Inotropic Effect
- inc forced of contraction
- Negative Chonotropic
- Antiarrhythmics
- Decreases conduction through SA and AV nodes
- Increases Cardic Output and Slow the Rate.
- Hypokalemia/Hypercalcemia
- toxicity first sign ab pain, anorexia, nausea, visual disturbances, bradycardia
- half life- 36-48 hrs
2
Q
Spironolactine (aldactone)
A
- Potassium Sparing
- Inhibits Sodium Reabsorption
- manages hyperaldosterone
- manage edema
- antihypertensive
- treats hypokalemia
- for patients with Heart Failure
3
Q
Nitrates
A
4
Q
Potassium Sparing Drugs
A
- Triamterene (Dyrenium)
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
5
Q
AntiCoagulants Drugs
A
- Warfarin (coumadin)
- Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
- Heparin
6
Q
Beta Blocker Drugs
A
- Atenolol (Tenormin)
7
Q
Antiplatelet Agent Drugs
A
- Clopidogrel (Plavix)
8
Q
ACE inhibitor Drugs
A
- Benazepril (Lotensin)
9
Q
Thiazide Diuretic Drugs
A
- Hydrochlorothiazide
10
Q
Calcium Channel Blocker Drugs
A
- Nifedipine (Procardia)
11
Q
Thrombolytic Drugs
A
- Alteplase (tPA)
*
12
Q
Loop Diuretic Drugs
A
- Digoxin
- Bumetanide
13
Q
Lipid Lower Agent Drug(s)
A
- Simvastatin (Zocor)
14
Q
Heparin
A
- Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
- Anticoagulant
15
Q
Thiazide i.e. Chlorthiazide (Diuril)
A
- Mild to Moderate hypertension
- Heart failure
- Renal Dysfunction
- Increases excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in distal tubule
16
Q
atenolol
A
- Antiangina/antihypertensive
- Block stimulation of beta1 (myocardia). DOES NOT affect beta 2 (pulmonary, vascular, uterin)
- decrease BP
- decrease frequency of attacks of angina
- prevention of MI
17
Q
Warfarin Coumadin
A
18
Q
Mannitol
A
- Natiuresis- sodium loss in the urine
- Osmotics
- used to decrease intracranial pressure (cerbral edema)
- Decreases intra ocular pressure (Glaucoma)
- Chemotherapy-induces frank diuresis
19
Q
Dapigatran (Pradaxa)
A
20
Q
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
A
21
Q
Furosamide Lasix
A
- Loop Diuretic
- Antihypertensive
- Lead to ototoxicity
- increases excretion of water, Na, CL, Mg, K, Ca
- Effective even in patients with impaired renal function
22
Q
-arin suffix means
A
anti-coagulant
23
Q
Thrombolytics end in -ase
A
- Streptokinase, Altepase
- Enzymes
24
Q
Which drugs have a major effect in decreasing the strength of cardiac contraction?
A
Calcium channel blockers
25
pril is what type of drug?
ACE inhibitor
26
An angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure
ACE inhibitor
27
Step 1: Blood has cicrulationg through the body, lost its oxygen and collected CO2, where does it enter?
* Right Atrium of the heart through the Vena Cava
28
Step 2: Right Atrium Contracts and pumps blood through which valves?
Tricuspid valve and right ventricle
29
Step 3 of 9: The Right Ventricle pumps blood where?
* Through the pulmonary artery into the lungs
30
Step 4: What do the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the lungs do?
absorb CO2 from blood and replace it with oxygen
31
Step 5: oxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary vein and into where?
* Left Atrium
32
Step 6: Oxygenated blood pumps throu the mitral valve and into where?
Left Ventricle
33
Once the blood has gone through the aortic arch, what are the option for where blood can be pumped?
* thru carotid artery into the brain
* auxiliary arteries into the arms
* aorta and into the torso/legs
34
Step 8: Blood moves through the arteries, then through capillaries, where does it return?
Veins
35
Step 9: What is the last step of the cardiac cycle?
Deoxygenated blood will return to the heart
36
Treatment of Angina
* Beta Blockers
* Calcium Channel Blockers
* Oranic Nitrates
37
Antidote for Heparine is?
protamine Sulfate
38
a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning. The term ultimately derives from the Greek αντιδιδοναι antididonai, "given against"
Antidote
39
INR Ratio
* Better test
* International Normalized Ratio
40
If INR is less than 2.0 what should happen for warfarin?
dose should be increased
41
If INR is greater than 3 how should warfarin be adjusted?
decreased
42
Inotropic Action
Influenced the **force** of muscular contractility
43
Chonotropic Action
Infuencing heart **rate**
44
Domotropic Action
* influencing the **nerve** conductivity of the muscles
* DERMATONES!
45
-plase drugs
Thrombolytics
46
**-or** drugs
HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
47
Major adverse effect of Statins
Liver dysfunction, Category X
48
How do beta blockers work?
* slowing down the heart rate and the force at which it contracts
* They are ingested
49
How do calcium channel blockers work?
* Ingested
* slow down heart **rate** & **force** at which it contracts
* Decrease pressure on the circulation, by relaxing the blood vessels
* Allows blood to flow more smoothly
* Vasodilation
* **Decrease afterload**
50
How does nitroglycerin have a therapeutic effect on the patient with angina?
absense of chest **pain**.
51
Patient Education for Nitroglycerin
* Patients should change positions slowly to avoid orthostatic hypotension
* Keep in a cool dry place
* May cause a headache, tylenol for pain relief
* take 3 tablets every 5 minutes, if no relief seek med assistance.
52
Fluid and Electrolytes for Diuril/Chlorthiazide
* hypokalemia
* dehydration
* hypercalcemia
* hypochloremic alkalosis
* hypomagnesemia
* hyponatremia
* hyperglycemia
* hyperuricemia
53
Proranolol (Inderal) Precautions
* patients with pulmonary disease including asthma
* beta blocker- blocks 1 & 2
54
ACE inhibitor Captopril (Capoten)
* Peaks 60-90 min and lasts 6-12 hours
* may lead to neutropenia. Monitor the CBC with differential prior to therapy, every 2wks for first 3 mnths and up to 1 yr.
* for high BP and heart failure
* may cause cough, hyperkalemia and angioedema
55
Nitropursside (Nitropress)
* administered IV
* antihypertensive
* half life is 2 min
* monitor BP, HR, ECG frequently.
* Monitor for rebound hypertension
56
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
* Avoid Grapefruit Juice increases level and effect
* antiangina, antihypertensive, antiarrhythmics
* monitor I/O, daily weight
* cause edema, weight gain.
* may cause steven johnson syndrome
57
Nitroglycerin
* antiangina
* increases blood flow by dilating coronary arteries
* vasodilation, venous greater than arterial
* decreases preload
* reduced myocardial oxygen consumption
* half life 1-4 minutes
* Used w/ Sildenafil, Tadalafil and Vardenafil will lead to potentially fatal hypotension
58
Antihypertensive 6 Categories
1. Diuretics
2. Symatholytics
3. Direct-acting arteriolar Vasodilators
4. ACE inhibitor
5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBS)
6. Calcium Channel Blockers
59
Sympatholytic Categories x5
1. Beta Adrenergic Blocker
2. Centrally acting Alpha 2 Agonist
3. Alpha Adrenergic Blocker
4. Adrenergic Neuron Blocker
5. Alpha 1 and Beta 1 Adrnergic Blocker.
