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Exam 4: NR414 Flashcards

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1
Q

Objective Findings for Osteoarthritis

A
  • Limited ROM in the affected joint
  • fluid iseasily moved around the joint space
    *
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2
Q

A murmur heard after S1 and before S2 is classified as

A

systolic (possibly benign)

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3
Q

During a visit for a school physical the 13 year old questions the asymmetry of her breasts. What is your best response?

A

“One breast may grow faster than the other during development”

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4
Q

During examination of the breasts of a pregnant woman, what are the expected findings?

A

A blue vascular pattern over both breasts

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5
Q

moving a limb away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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6
Q

Melena

A

really dark stools b/c of blood

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7
Q

an abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling.

A

parastesia

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8
Q

What is the sequence used during examination of the abdomen?

A
  • Inspect
  • Auscultate
  • Percuss
  • Palpate
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9
Q

all ascending and descending fiber tracts; it has vital autonomic centers for respiration, heart, and gastrointestinal function as well as nuclei for cranial nerves VIII through XII.

A

Medulla

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10
Q

What would cause a false positive fecal occult test?

A

red meat

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11
Q

When is the bulbourethral gland assessed

A

exam of a male patient

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12
Q

What does a “normal” tympanic membrane look like?

A

Shiny, translucent, pearly grey

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13
Q

a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.

A

osteoporosis

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14
Q

What 4 areas do you auscultate when listening to the heart?

A
  • Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, Mitral
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15
Q

What is the time frame for full breast development?

A

1.5 - 6 years

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16
Q

A 78 year old male comes into the office and the nurse assesses that he has a greying/white arc/circle around his cornea with no vision loss. She should conclude that the patient has:

A

Arcus Senillis

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17
Q

describe the anal canal

A
  • 3.8 cm long long outlet of the GI tract
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18
Q

skin normal findings seen mostly in infants? x3

A
  1. Cafe Au Lait Spot
  2. Mongolian Spot
  3. Lanugo
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19
Q

Describe the Left Lung

A
  • narrower than the right w/ 2 lobes
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20
Q

Each half of the cerebrum is a

A

hemisphere

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21
Q

How common is prostate cancer

A

1/6

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22
Q

How do we detect Prostate Cancer early?

A
  • Blood for prostate specific antigen (PSA)
  • Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
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23
Q

style of speech for a person with parkinsons

A

slow monotonous

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24
Q

The best exercises to maintain bone health are

A

Weight bearing exercises

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25
Q

Straightening a limb at a joint

A

extension

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26
Q

Normal stool characteristics

A

Softs, brown, BM daily

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27
Q

An area of the body that is supplied mainly from one spinal segment through a particular spinal nerve is identified as a:

A

dermatone

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28
Q

When is a baseline mammogram recommened for women?

A

Between 35 and 39 yrs

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29
Q

slow, writhing, continuous, and involuntary movements of the extremities.

A

Athetosis

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30
Q

When is the best time to perform a breast self examination?

A

on the 4th - 7th day of the cycle

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31
Q

The knee joint is the articulation of three bones, the:

A
  1. femur,
  2. tibia
  3. patella.
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32
Q

occurs with diabetes, epilepsy, and alcoholic liver disease. Chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia causes flexion contractures of the digits.

A

Dupuytren contracture

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33
Q

Turning the forearm so the palm is up

A

supination

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34
Q

Clonus that may be seen when testing deep tendon reflexes is characterized by a(n):

A
  • a set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle.
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35
Q

How do you examine the trigeminal nerve in an infant

A

offer the baby a bottle

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36
Q

Swan-neck, boutonnière deformity, and ulnar deviation are conditions associated with

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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37
Q

The test where you place a coin on a person’s hand and ask him or her to indentify it

A

stereognosis

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38
Q

Anterior and Posterior Stability are provided to the knee joint by the

A
  • anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments
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39
Q

Older Adult Expected Finding During Breast Exam

A
  • lactiferous ducts are more palpable
  • feel firm and stringy b/c of fibrosis and calcification.
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40
Q

Turning the forearm so the palm is out

A

Pronation

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41
Q

n impaired ability to coordinate movement, often characterized by a staggering gait and postural imbalance.

A

ataxia

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42
Q

What is a symptom of internal hemorroids?

A

frequent constipation, rectal bleeding and pain. No mass at anal opening

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43
Q

An expected postmenopausal breast change includes:

A
  1. glandular tissue atrophy.
  2. increased fibrous connective tissue.
  3. fat tissue atrophy.
  4. Decrease Breast Size
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44
Q

Subjective Data for Osteoarthritis

A
  • Pain (worse later in the day)
  • stiffness
  • reported limited ROM
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45
Q

Where is the most common site for breast tumors

A

upper outer quadrant

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46
Q

Crepitation is an audible sound that is produced by:

A

roughened articular surfaces moving over each other

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47
Q

What is a findiing that indicated prostate cancer in the prostate gland?

A

diffuse hardness

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48
Q

Which of the following options is not a change that comes with menopause?

A
  • The vaginal pH becomes more alkalotic
  • The vagina becomes shorter and narrower
  • The cervix shrinks
  • The ovaries hypertrophy
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49
Q

localized uncoordinated, uncontrollable twitching of a single muscle group innervated by a single motor nerve fiber or filament.

A

Fasciculation

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50
Q

How do you elicit Babinski Reflex

A

stroke the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot from heel to the ball

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51
Q

A known risk factor for breast cancer includes:

A

Early Menarche, or Late Menopause (after 55)

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52
Q

a person hears and comprehends words but is unable to speak correctly; incoherent words are substituted for intended words.

A

paraphasia

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53
Q

During neurologic examination the tendon reflex fails to appear. Before striking the tendon again, the examiner might use what type of technique?

A

reinforcement

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54
Q

A positive babinski sign is

A

dorsifelxion of the big toe and fanning of all toes

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55
Q

strong fibrous cords that attach skeletal muscles to bones.

A

tendons

56
Q

Cranial Nerve Mneumonic Sensory, Motor or Both

A
  • Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business Marry Money
57
Q

Cranial Nerve Mneumonic

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH!

A
  • Olfactoryoptic
  • Oculomotor
  • Trochlear
  • Trigeminal
  • Abducens
  • Facial
  • Vestibulocochlear
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Accessory
  • Hypoglossal
58
Q

The number of lobes within the breast ranges between:

A

15 and 20

59
Q

Why are children more at risk for ear infections?

A

They have shorter, wider, more horizontal Eustachian tubes

60
Q

Define Supernumary nipple

A

A normal and common variation. An extra nipple on the thorax or abdomen. It is usually 5 to 6 cm below the breast near the midline and has no glandular tissue.

61
Q

What is a gynecomastia

A
  • enlargement of the male breast, due to hormone imbalance or hormone therapy.
  • liver cirrhosis.
62
Q

The production of red blood cells in the bone marrow is called:

A

hematopoiesis.

63
Q

What is steatorhhea

A

frothy, foul smelling stools that float at the surface

64
Q

Rectum is how long

A

12 cm. most distal portion of lg intestine

65
Q

s a feature of the nerve tracts; the left cerebral cortex receives sensory information from and controls motor function to the right side of body, whereas the right cerebral cortex likewise interacts with the left side of the body.

A

Crossed Represenation

66
Q

What assessments should be performed last on a 4-week-old infant?

A

Otoscopic examination of the tympanic membrane

67
Q

moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

A

inversion

68
Q

To assess for a spinal curvature

A
  • the person will bend over and touch the toes with the knee in extension
69
Q

Influences Body Temperature

A

Diurnal Cycle

70
Q

when is a cremasteric response positive?

A

when the ipsilateral testicle elevates upon stroking of the inner aspect of the thigh

71
Q

The group of axillary lymph nodes that drains the other three groups of nodes is the:

A

Central Nodes

72
Q

A newborn’s nail beds may be blue (cyanotic) for the first few hours of life, then they turn what color?

A

pink

73
Q

Malignant Breast Lump Characteristics

A
  1. Irregular Shape
  2. Tenderness
74
Q

the cutaneous distribution of the various spinal nerves.

A

Dermal segmentation

75
Q

Superficial reflexes include

A
  • abdominal,
  • cremasteric,
  • plantar (or Babinski) reflexes.
76
Q

control of body temperature

A

hypothalamus

77
Q

Positive Phalen Test and Tinel Signs are indicative of?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

78
Q

Muscle extension can be assessed by

A
  • instructing the person to rise from a squatting position without using the hands for support.
79
Q

Broca Means

A

difficulty speaking

80
Q

What is the cause of a neonate with large breasts, secreting clear/white fluid?

A

maternal estrogen, which crossed the placenta

81
Q

which cultural group has the lowest incidence of osteoporosis?

A

African Americans

82
Q

Name the reservoirs for storing milk in the breasts?

A

Lactiferous Sinuses

83
Q

The musculoskeletal system functions include:

A
  • provide support to stand erect
  • allow movement; to encase and protect the inner vital organs
  • produce RBCS in the bone marrow
  • reservoir for storage of essential minerals
84
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) is highest in this group?

A

African americans

85
Q

Striae which occur when elastic fibers in the reticular layers of the skin are broken after rapid or prolonged stretching, have a distinct color when of long duration. What is this color?

A

Silvery White

86
Q

Average age for breast development in african americans?

A

8 to 9 years

87
Q

s where sensory pathways of the spinal cord, cerebellum, and brain stem form synapses on their way to the cerebral cortex.

A

thalamus

88
Q

Moving the body part forward and parallel to the ground

A

protraction

89
Q

The extrapyramidal system is located in the:

A

basal ganglia.

90
Q

Bending a limb at a joint

A

flexion

91
Q

What is a symptom of a benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

difficulty urinating and weak stream

92
Q

Which cranial nerves control the extraocular muscles (EOM)?

A
  • Oculomotor (II),
  • Abducens (VI),
  • Trochlear (IV)
93
Q

When do we start Colorectal Exam?

A
  • 50, every 5-10 years
    • colostomy
    • ocult blood test
94
Q

Testing the deep tendon reflexes gives the examiner information regarding the intactness of the:

A

reflex arc at specific levels in the spinal cord

95
Q

Automatic associated movements of the body are under the control and regulation of:

A

basal ganglia

96
Q

Pronation and supination of the hand and forearm are hte result of the articulation of the

A
  • Radius
  • Ulna
97
Q

A patient comes into the ER reporting he is in pain, what factors are related to pain

A
  • guarding
  • diaphoresis
  • increased heart rate
  • change in appetitie
98
Q

Assessments for EOM

A
  1. Corneal Light Reflex
  2. 6 Cardinal Positions
  3. Confrontation Test
  4. CN 3,4,6
99
Q

degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, most common from middle age onward. It causes pain and stiffness, especially in the hip, knee, and thumb joints.

A

Osteoarthritis

100
Q

he relative proportion of glandular, fibrous, and fatty tissue depends on…x5

A
  • age,
  • cycle
  • pregnancy
  • lactation
  • nutritional state.
101
Q

Cerebellar function is assesed by which of the following tests?

A

coordination, hop on one foot

102
Q

moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

A

circumduction

103
Q

the landau reflex in an infant is seen when

A

the baby raises the head and arches the back as in a swan dive

104
Q

During the examination of an infant, use a cotton tipped applicator to stimulate the anal sphincter. The absence of a response suggests a lesion of

A

S2

105
Q

When assessing the abdomen, what position do you put the patient?

A

Supine with knees flexed

106
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers that compose skeletal muscle are identified as:

A

fasciculi

107
Q

Superficial reflexes test

A
  • the sensory receptor in the skin;
  • motor response is a localized muscle contraction
108
Q

moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

A

retraction

109
Q

Which of the following vital signs are characteristic of an aging adult?

A
  1. Decreased temperature
  2. Decreased sweating
  3. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension
110
Q

What is the best position for inspecting the breasts for retraction?

A

Sitting with hand pushing onto hips

111
Q

a partial or incomplete paralysis

A

paresis

112
Q

the sense of balance.

A

Vestibular function

113
Q

fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another.

A

ligaments

114
Q

characterized by hard, nontender nodules, 2 to 3 mm or more

A

Osteoarthritis

115
Q

During assessment of the spine, what do you ask the patient?

A
  • Flex
  • Extend
  • Abduct
  • Rotate
116
Q

To assess range of motion

A

the leg should be abducted and adducted with the knee extended.

117
Q

An ER nurse is assessing a female patient who has a blunt injury to the chest wall, what would be a sign of pneumothorax

A

diminished breath sounds

118
Q

higher motor system that permits very skilled and purposeful movements such as writing.

A

corticospinal tract.

119
Q

Define the Romberg Test

A
  • A positive Romberg sign is loss of balance that occurs when closing the eyes
  • occurs with cerebellar ataxia, loss of proprioception, and loss of vestibular function.
120
Q

An Area not commonly associated with pain

A

inramuscular

121
Q

The presence of primitive reflexes in a newborn infant is indicative of:

A

immaturity of the nervous system.

122
Q

moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

A

eversion

123
Q

Often seen with history of trauma or obesity, and can be genetic

A

osteoarthritis

124
Q

Average Age for breast development in Caucasians?

A

10 years

125
Q

Nutrition to reduce risk of colon cancer

A

high fiber

126
Q

3 areas of the Glasgow Coma Scale

A
  1. eye opening
  2. motor response to stimuli
  3. verbal response
127
Q

What is the gastrocolic Reflex

A

a peristaltic wave

128
Q

Benign Breast Characteristics

A
  1. Soft
  2. Well Defined Margins
  3. Freely moveable
129
Q

in the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s Area

130
Q

How long does Breast development precede after menstruation?

A

2 years

131
Q

How often should males 15 y/o+ do a testicular self exam?

A

Once a month

132
Q

The divisions of the spinal vertebrae include:

A
  • Cervical,
  • thoracic,
  • lumbar,
  • sacral,
  • coccygeal.
133
Q

The nurse assess a patient with osteoarthritis, what would be an expected sign/symptom?

A
  • stiff knees, hips, fingers, and vertebrae
134
Q

weak, soft, and flabby; lacking normal muscle tone.

A

flaccidity

135
Q

When testing for muscle strength, the examiner should:

A
  • apply an opposing force when the individual puts a joint in flexion or extension.
136
Q

How often should a women age 40-49 get a mammogram?

A

Every Year

► Nursing Notes (33 decks)

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