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Pharmacology PaxFlan > Pharm Exam 1 Drugs > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoxetine

A

depression, (depression in kids), anxiety

SSRI - blocks serotonin reuptake pump = increase amount of serotonin at synapse

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2
Q

Sertraline

A

depression/anxiety

SSRI - blocks serotonin reuptake pump = increase amount of serotonin at synapse

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3
Q

Paroxetine

A

depression, anxiety

SSRI - blocks serotonin reuptake pump = increase amount of serotonin at synapse

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4
Q

Citalopram / Escitalopram

A

depression/anxiety

SSRI - blocks serotonin reuptake pump = increase amount of serotonin at synapse

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5
Q

Venlafaxine / Desvenlafaxine

A

depression/anxiety

SNRI - inhibitor of NE > serotonin reuptake

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6
Q

Duloxetine

A

depression/anxiety, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, chronic msk pain
SNRI - inhibitor of NE > serotonin reuptake

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7
Q

vilazodone

A

depression/anxiety

SSRI + 5HT1 receptor agonist - inhibits serotonin reuptake + agonist of 5HT1 receptor

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8
Q

vortioxetine

A

depression/anxiety

SSRI + 5HT1 receptor agonist - inhibits serotonin reuptake + agonist of 5HT1 receptor

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9
Q

bupropion

A

depression

dopamine > NE reuptake inhibitor

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10
Q

trazadone

A

depression

5HT1 antagonist, SSRI, H1 and a1-adrenergic receptor antagonist

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11
Q

mirtazapine

A

depression

NE, serotonin, H1 receptor antagonist

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12
Q

amitriptyline

A

depression, neuropathic pain, migraine prophylaxis

tertiary TCA - increase serotonin, NE + a1, histaminic, muscarinic receptors

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13
Q

nortriptyline

A

depression, neuropathic pain

secondary TCA - increase serotonin, NE + H1, muscarinic, a-adrenergic receptors

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14
Q

phenelzine

A

depression + hyperphagia or hypersomnia

MAO-A inhibitor - increase serotonin & NE by inhibiting its breakdown by MAO-A

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15
Q

selegiline

A

depression, *PD

MAO-B inhibitor - increases dopamine by inhibiting its breakdown

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16
Q

buspirone

A

anxiety

unknown MOA

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17
Q

pregabalin

A

anxiety

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18
Q

alprazolam

A

anxiety
benzo - binds BZD receptors on postsynaptic GABA neuron = potentiates endogenous GABA = hyperpolarization and stabilization

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19
Q

clonazepam

A

anxiety, seizure disorders
benzo - binds BZD receptors on postsynaptic GABA neuron = potentiates endogenous GABA = hyperpolarization and stabilization

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20
Q

lorazepam

A

anxiety, status epilepticus
benzo - binds BZD receptors on postsynaptic GABA neuron = potentiates endogenous GABA = hyperpolarization and stabilization

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21
Q

diazepam

A

anxiety
benzo - binds BZD receptors on postsynaptic GABA neuron = potentiates endogenous GABA = hyperpolarization and stabilization

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22
Q

midazolam

A

anxiety
benzo - binds BZD receptors on postsynaptic GABA neuron = potentiates endogenous GABA = hyperpolarization and stabilization

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23
Q

lithium

A

mania/bipolar

influences reuptake of serotonin +/- NE

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24
Q

haloperidol

A

emergency sedation of severely agitated or delirious patients
1st gen antipsychotic - antagonist at dopaminergic receptors, + a, histaminic, muscarinic antagonism

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25
Q

chlorpromazine

A

intractable hiccups

1st gen antipsychotic - antagonist at dopaminergic receptors, + a, histaminic, muscarinic antagonism

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26
Q

clozapine

A

refractory schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder

2nd gen antipsychotic - Antagonist at 5HT2 & D4, D2 receptors (too much serotonin)

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27
Q

risperidone

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder

2nd gen antipsychotic - serotonergic&raquo_space; dopamine antagonist

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28
Q

olanzapine

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression adjunct
2nd gen antipsychotic - serotonergic&raquo_space; dopamine antagonist

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29
Q

quetiapine

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression adjunct
2nd gen antipsychotic - serotonergic&raquo_space; dopamine antagonist

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30
Q

ziprasidone

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder

2nd gen antipsychotic - serotonergic&raquo_space; dopamine antagonist

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31
Q

aripiprazole

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression adjunct, children w irritability w autistic disorder
2nd gen antipsychotic - agonist at D2 & 5HT1 receptors, antagonist at 5HT2

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32
Q

paliperidone

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder

2nd gen antipsychotic - serotonergic&raquo_space; dopamine antagonist

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33
Q

asenapine

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder

2nd gen antipsychotic - serotonergic&raquo_space; dopamine antagonist

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34
Q

iloperidone

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder

2nd gen antipsychotic - serotonergic&raquo_space; dopamine antagonist

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35
Q

lurasidone

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder

2nd gen antipsychotic - serotonergic&raquo_space; dopamine antagonist

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36
Q

brexpiprazole

A

schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression adjunct
2nd gen antipsychotic - agonist at D2 & 5HT1 receptors, antagonist at 5HT2

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37
Q

IM antipsychotics

A 
risperidone
olanzapine 
aripiprazole 
paliperidone 
(ROAP)
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38
Q

antipsychotics for depression adjunct

A

aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, quetiapine, olanzapine

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39
Q

antipsychotics associated with diabetes & wt gain

A

clozapine, olanzapine

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40
Q

antipsychotics with QTc interval prolongation

A

iloperidone, ziprasidone

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41
Q

short acting/IR stimulants

A

Methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate, amphetamine-dextroamphetamine, dextroamphetamine

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42
Q

intermediate stimulants

A

methylphenidate

dextroamphetamine

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43
Q

long-acting/ER stimulants

A

methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate, amphetamine-dextroamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine

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44
Q

trade names for long acting methylphenidate

A

concerta, metadata CD, Ritalin LA, aptension XR, adhansia XR, jornay PM (dosed at night)
chewable tab
powder

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45
Q

methylphenidate

A

ADHD, narcolepsy

stimulant - blocks reuptake of NE + dopamine to increase its concentration

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46
Q

amphetamine

A

ADHD, narcolepsy

stimulant - promote release of NE + dopamine

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47
Q

dexmethylphenidate

A

ADHD, narcolepsy

stimulant - blocks reuptake of NE + dopamine to increase its concentration

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48
Q

dexamphetamine

A

ADHD, narcolepsy

stimulant - promote release of NE + dopamine

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49
Q

lisdexamphetamine

A

binge eating disorder in adults

long-acting stimulant

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50
Q

atomoxetine

A

ADHD

SNRI - inhibitor of NE and serotonin

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51
Q

guanfacine

A

ADHD

a2 adrenergic agonist = ability to control/inhibit inappropriate behaviors and increase focus

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52
Q

clonidine

A

ADHD

a2 adrenergic agonist

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53
Q

diphenhydramine

A

hypnotics/sleep aid

1st gen antihistamines - anticholinergic effects

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54
Q

doxepin

A

sleep maintenance hypnotic , (depressant)

tertiary TCA - increase serotonin, NE + a1, histaminic, muscarinic receptors

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55
Q

benzodiazepines for sleep

A 
triazolam 
estazolam
temazepam 
flurazepam 
quazepam 
(Quit Fucking Trying To Escape)
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56
Q

benzodiazepines MOA

A

binds BZD receptors on postsynaptic GABA neuron to potentiate its endogenous GABA = hyperpolarization and stabilization

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57
Q

benzodiazepines use

A

anxiety, hypnotic

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58
Q

Zaleplon

A

hypnotic

NBRA - agonist on GABAa receptors close to or coupled with BZD1 receptors (not BZD2)

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59
Q

zolpidem

A

hypnotic

NBRA - agonist on GABAa receptors close to or coupled with BZD1 receptors (not BZD2)

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60
Q

eszopiclone

A

hypnotic

NBRA

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61
Q

melatonin

A

hypnotic

melatonin receptor agonist - acts on MT1 & MT2 to induce sleepiness and regulation of circadian rhythms

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62
Q

ramelteon

A

for difficulty falling asleep (good for elderly patients)

melatonin receptor agonist - acts on MT1 & MT2 to induce sleepiness and regulation of circadian rhythms

63
Q

tasimelteon

A

non-24 hour sleep-wake disorder

melatonin receptor agonist - acts on MT1 & MT2 to induce sleepiness and regulation of circadian rhythms

64
Q

modafinil / armodafinil / solriamfetol / pitolisant

A

excessive daytime sleepiness (narcolepsy, OSA)

*start with modafinil, armodafinil!!!

65
Q

acetaminophen

A

analgesic + antipyretic

unknown MOA

66
Q

carboxylic acid NSAID

A

aspirin

67
Q

aspirin

A

anti-thrombotic (not used for pain)

68
Q

propionic acid NSAIDs

A

ibuprofen
naproxen
*start here

69
Q

ibuprofen

A

analgesic, antipyretic, dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory

reversibly** inhibits COX1 +/- COX2

70
Q

naproxen

A

analgesic, antipyretic, dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory

reversibly** inhibits COX1 +/- COX2

71
Q

acetic acid NSAIDs

A

ketorolac
diclofenac
(indomethacin)

72
Q

enolic acid NSAIDs

A

piroxicam

meloxicam

73
Q

piroxicam

A

analgesic, antipyretic, dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory

reversibly** inhibits COX1 +/- COX2

74
Q

meloxicam

A

analgesic, antipyretic, dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory

reversibly** inhibits COX1 +/- COX2

75
Q

ketorolac

A

analgesic, antipyretic, dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory
reversibly** inhibits COX1 +/- COX2
*only commonly used IV/IM

76
Q

diclofenac

A

analgesic, antipyretic, dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory
reversibly** inhibits COX1 +/- COX2
*topical uses (systemic should not be used - Paxton)

77
Q

celecoxib

A

anti-inflammatory (RA, OA, spondyloarthropathies, localized MSK, gout)
selectively binds COX2

78
Q

cyclobenzaprine

A 
muscle relaxant (antispasmodic for MSK stuff
same as for amitriptyline - serotonin/NE, a1, H1, muscarinic
79
Q

clarisoprodol

A

muscle relaxant (antispasmodic for MSK stuff)
MOA- who cares, DON’T USE
schedule IV

80
Q

tizanidine

A 
muscle relaxant (antispasmodic for MSK stuff) 
unknown MOA
81
Q

baclofen

A

muscle relaxant (antispastic for MS, SC injury)

82
Q

dantrolene

A

muscle relaxant (antispastic for MS, SC injury), malignant hyperthermia

83
Q

mild-moderate agonist opioids

A

codeine

hydrocodone

84
Q

strong agonist opioids

A 
morphine
oxycodone
oxymorphone 
hydromorphone 
methadone
meperidine
fentanyl
85
Q

codeine

A

analgesia
mild-moderate agonist (phenanthrene) opioid
prodrug that is metabolized to morphine via 2D6

86
Q

hydrocodone

A

analgesia

mild-moderate agonist (phenanthrene) opioid

87
Q

morphine

A 
analgesia, acute pulmonary edema SOB 
strong agonist (phenanthrene) opioid
88
Q

oxycodone

A

strong agonist (phenanthrene) opioid

89
Q

oxymorphone

A

strong agonist (phenanthrene) opioid

90
Q

hydromorphone

A

strong agonist (phenanthrene) opioid

91
Q

methadone

A 
mostly used in pain/opioid rehab clinics 
strong agonist (phenylhepatylamines/diphenylheptanes)
92
Q

meperidine

A 
short-term acute pain 
strong agonist (phenylpiperidine)
93
Q

fentanyl

A 
transdermal patch for chronic pain in *opioid tolerant patients*
strong agonist (phenylpiperidine)
94
Q

tramadol

A

Last line for acute/chronic pain to avoid a stronger opioid

weak mu-agonist + SSRI (metabolized through 2D6)

95
Q

tapentadol

A

similar to tramadol, but stronger

96
Q

buprenorphine

A

binds with high affinity to mu-opioid receptor

97
Q

opioids that are 3A4 substrates

A

oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, tramadol

98
Q

opioids that are 2D6 substrates

A

codeine

tramadol

99
Q

opioids that are more predictable in pts with 2D6 polymorphisms

A

hydromorphone, oxymorphone, morphine

100
Q

opioid clinical use

A

analgesia
pulmonary edema (IV morphine)
cough - dont use for this
diarrhea?

101
Q

naloxone

A

opioid reversal

structure is similar to oxymorphone - competitive antagonist CNS opioid receptors & no opioid agonist effects

102
Q

Excedrin

A

caffeine + APAP + ASA

for abortive tension-type HA

103
Q

sumatriptan

A

abortive migraine HA, cluster HA

fastest acting triptan - selective agonist for serotonin receptors in cranial arteries = vasoconstriction

104
Q

zolmitriptan

A

abortive migraine HA

fast acting triptan - selective agonist for serotonin receptors in cranial arteries = vasoconstriction

105
Q

frovatriptan

A

abortive migraine HA

longest acting triptan - selective agonist for serotonin receptors in cranial arteries = vasoconstriction

106
Q

dihydroergotamine

A

for pts who have not responded to triptans

ergots (do not combine ergots with triptans!)

107
Q

metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, promethazine

A

adjuncts for N/V during migraine

108
Q

propranolol

metoprolol

A

prophylaxis for migraine HAs

B-blocker

109
Q

divalproex

A

prophylaxis for migraine HAs

110
Q

Valproate

A

prophylaxis for migraine HAs

111
Q

OCPs

A

can help prevent menstrual migraines - add triptans or NSAIDs

112
Q

erenumab

A

prophylaxis migraine when oral preventive meds arent enough/not tolerated
CGRP antagonist - prevents vasodilation

113
Q

fremanezumab

A

prophylaxis migraine when oral preventive meds arent enough/not tolerated
CGRP antagonist - prevents vasodilation

114
Q

galcanequmab

A

prophylaxis migraine when oral preventive meds arent enough/not tolerated
CGRP antagonist - prevents vasodilation

115
Q

cefaly

A

a ridiculous nerve stimulator that goes on your forehead, looks absurd, but prevents your migraines…maybe

116
Q

botox

A

migraine prevention

117
Q

donepezil

A

mild-moderate dementia

cholinesterase inhibitor - increase cholinergic transmission

118
Q

galantamine

A

mild-moderate dementia

cholinesterase inhibitor - increase cholinergic transmission

119
Q

rivastigmine

A

mild-moderate dementia

cholinesterase inhibitor - increase cholinergic transmission

120
Q

memantine

A

moderate-severe dementia

NMDA receptor antagonist

121
Q

levodopa

A

PD 1st line

goes from plasma to BBB and gets decarboxylated to DOPAMINE!

122
Q

carbidopa

A

PD “body guard” to add to levodopa

decarboxylase inhibitor that blocks the breakdown of levodopa before it gets to the BBB (more levodopa in BBB)

123
Q

entacapone

A

PD “body guard” (not used as frequently d/t fatal liver injury)
prevents o-methylation of levodopa

124
Q

ropinirole

A

PD 1st line, RLS

dopamine receptor agonist

125
Q

rotigotine

A

PD 1st line, RLS

dopamine receptor agonist

126
Q

pramipexole

A

PD 1st line, RLS

dopamine receptor agonist

127
Q

rasagiline

A

PD 2nd line (along with selegiline)

MAOB-inhibitor - increases dopamine by inhibiting it breakdown

128
Q

benztropine

A

PD 2nd line (good for mild tremor in early dz, or with drooling), treatment of EPS*
anticholinergic

129
Q

amantadine

A

PD 2nd line

NMDA receptor antagonist (interferes with excessive glutamate neurotransmission)

130
Q

when to start dopamine agonist vs levodopa for PD

A

dopamine agonist if <65

levodopa if >65 or if sx seriously threaten pts life

131
Q

primavanserin

A

PDD (Parkinson’s disease dementia)
antipsychotic (inverse agonist + antagonist at serotonin receptors) make for PDD
Qt prolonger!

132
Q

carbamazepine

A

partial seizures, tx of chronic pain syndromes, acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I depression
Na+ channel AED

133
Q

oxcarbazepine/eslicarbazepine

A

mono or adjunct in partial seizures

Na+ channel AED

134
Q

phenytoin /fosphenytoin

A

generalized tonic-clonic + complex partial seizures (no longer 1st line), prevention of “early” seizures following TBI/NS
Na+ channel AED

135
Q

lamotrigine

A

newly diagnosed absence seizures, LGS, maintenance of bipolar disorder
Na+ channel AED

136
Q

lacosamide

A

monotherapy or adjunctive in partial-onset seizures

Na+ channel AED

137
Q

zonisamide

A

adjunct for focal seizures

Na+ channel AED (sulfonamide derivative)

138
Q

rufinamide

A

LGS syndrome

Na+ channel AED

139
Q

ezogabine

A

adjunctive for partial-onset seizures

K+ channel AED

140
Q

ethosuximide

A

absence (petit mal) seizures

Ca+ channel AED

141
Q

gabapentin

A

adjunct for partial seizures, postherpetic neuropathy, RLS
Ca+ channel AED

142
Q

pregabalin

A

fibromyalgia, management of peripheral neuropathies, RLS, GAD (off-label)
Ca+ channel AED + substance P !!

143
Q

phenobarbital

A

partial + secondarily generalized seizures

GABA receptor AED

144
Q

clobazam

A

LGS

BZD that increases GABAergic tone (AED)

145
Q

clonazepam

A

adjunct for LGS, adjunct for myoclonic & atonic seizures

BZD that increases GABAergic tone (AED)

146
Q

tiagabine

A

adjunct for partial seizures

GABA AED

147
Q

Vigabatrin

A

infantile spasms r/t truberous sclerosis

AED

148
Q

perampanel

A

adjunct for partial-onset seizures

AED- glutamate receptor antagonist

149
Q

valproate

A

mania associated with bipolar disorder, migraine prophylaxis
AED- Na+ blocker, Ca+ current blocker, increases GABA

150
Q

topiramate

A

migraine prophylaxis, chronic weight management

Na+ blocker , GABA enhancer, NMDA receptor antagonizer

151
Q

felbamate

A

LGS

AED - unknown MOA

152
Q

levetiracetam

A

prevention of early seizures following TBI/NS

AED- unknown MOA

153
Q

brivaracetam

A

adjunctive tx of partial onset seizures

AED - unknown MOA

154
Q

cannabidiol

A

seizures associated with dravet syndrome or LGS

unknown MOA

Pharmacology PaxFlan (12 decks)

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