ABX overview Flashcards
bacteriocidal ABX MOA + examples
disrupt cell wall production (B-lactams, monobactams, glycopeptides)
inhibit DNA synthesis (FQ, metronidazole)
destabilize cell membranes (cyclic lipopeptides)
destabilize cell wall + membranes (lipoglycopeptides)
bacteriostatic ABX MOA + examples
inhibit protein synthesis
- 50S - macrolides, lincosamines, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins
- 30S - AG, TTC, glycylcyclines
inhibit folic acid synthesis - TMP-SMX
B-lactamases mechanism of ABX resistance
drug inactivation by enzymes
3 mechanisms of ABX resistance
decrease intracellular [drug], drug inactivation by enzymes (B-lactamases, aminoglycosides), ABX target modification
list bacteriocidal ABX
*B-lactams monobactams glycopeptides lipoglycopeptides cyclic lipopeptides aminoglycosides *fluoroquinolones nitroimidizoles
list bacteriostatic ABX
*tetracyclines glycylcyclines *macrolides lincosamides oxazolidinones pleuromutilins sulfonamides
concentration-dependent killing drugs
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
glycopeptides/lipoglycopeptides
time-dependent killing drugs
B-lactams
ABX against intracellular organisms
FQ, macrolides
TTC, TMP-SMX, clindamycin, rifampin
anti-anaerobic ABX
clindamycin, metronidazole, Augmentin (PO), Unasyn (IV), Zosyn (IV), carbapenems
bioequivalent ABX
*FQ
*TTCs
*Metronidazole
Rifampin
TMP-SMX
linezolid
renal excretion
(most)
B-lactams, monobactams, glycopeptides, cyclic lipopeptides/lipoglycopeptides, AGs, FQs, TTC/Glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones
hepatic excretion
ceftriaxone, all macrolides, metronidazole
oral contraceptives and ABX
recommend back-up birth control while on ALL ABX
ABX that increase INR
metronidazole, TMP-SMX
ABX that decrease INR
rifampin
ABX that cause dysrhythmia
macrolides
fluoroquinolones
ABX associated with ototoxicity
aminoglycosides, vancomycin, minocycline
what ABX can induce seizures
PCNs, CPHs, carbapenems