Pharm- Diabetes Flashcards
1
Q
Metformin- AE/ CI
A
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- IV contrast
- Lactic acidosis
- Low creatinine
- Vit B12 absorption
2
Q
Metformin- MOA
A
- Decrease hepatic glucose production
- Decrease insulin resistance, improves insulin sensitivity
- Moderate LDL reduction
3
Q
Glucosidase inhibitors- MOA
A
Blocks digestion of carbohydrate in gut
4
Q
Glucosidase inhibitors- CI/AE
A
- Major GI side effects
- Pregnant, lactating, GI or liver disease
5
Q
Glucosidase inhibitors- Ed
A
- Take with first bite of meal
- Must treat with glucose tabs to treat hypoglycemia
- Monitor prandial values
6
Q
TZDs- MOA
A
- Decrease insulin resistance
- Decrease hepatic glucose production
7
Q
TZD- AE/CI
A
- Cardiac- CHF, edema, fractures, CVD
- Hepatotoxicity
- Weight gain
- Increased fertility
- HA, anemia
8
Q
GLP-1 incretin- MOA
A
- Gut hormones- enhance insulin secretion in response to food
- Slows gastric emptying
- Glucose dependent insulin secretion- beta cells
9
Q
DDP-4 Inhibitors- MOA
A
- Increase and prolong the action of GLP-1
- Incretin enhancer- increased insulin release in response to meals
- Increased secretion of glucagon
10
Q
GLP-1- RoA
A
Injection, daily or weekly
11
Q
DDP-4- RoA
A
Oral
12
Q
GLP-1- AE/CI
A
- Weight loss
- Nausea
- ESRD, dialysis, gastroparesis
- Hypoglycemia with SU
- Delayed med absorption- abx, BCP, warfarin
- dizziness, HA, jittery
13
Q
GLP-1- Ed
A
- Refrigerate pens
- Inject in thigh, abd, arm
- Not insulin substitute
- New needle with each use
14
Q
DPP-4- AE/ CI
A
- Type 1, children
- URI, nasopharyngitis
- HA
- Low hypoglycemia
- Ok to use in CKD, ESRD
15
Q
SGLT 2 inhibitor- Name
A
Invokana
16
Q
SGLT 2 inhibitor- MOA
A
- Blocks reabsorption of glucose in the renal tubules
- Blocks 90% glucose reabsorption at SGLT
17
Q
SGLT 2 inhibitor- CI/AE
A
- Decreased renal function
- UTI due to glucose uresis
18
Q
Sulfonylureas- Names
A
Glyburide, glipizide, glymeperide
19
Q
Sulfonylureas- MOA
A
- Stimulate insulin release from beta cells
- Reduce hepatic glucose reproduction
- Increase insulin sensativity
20
Q
Sulfonylureas- Duration of action
A
12-24 hrs
21
Q
Sulfonylureas- AE/CI
A
- Wt gain
- Hepatic/ renal insufficiency
- Glyburide may be used in pregnancy
22
Q
Meglinatide analogs- Names
A
- Glindes
- Nonsulfonylurea insulin stimulators
- Repaglinide
23
Q
Meglinatide analogs- MOA
A
- Bind to potassium channels and initiate release of insulin from beta cells
24
Q
Meglinatide analogs- Peak & Duration
A
- Rapid onset, short duration of action
25
Meglinatide analogs- Indications
Postprandial glucose regulation.
26
Meglinatide analogs- AE/CI
- Hypoglycemia
- weight gain
- Caution in hepatic impariment
27
Metformin- Indications
- DOC for all type 2 diabetics
28
TZDs- Names
pioglitazone (Actose)
29
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors- Names
Acarbose (Precose)
30
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors- MOA
- Delay ingestion of carbohydrates
| - Taken at beginning of meals
31
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors- AE/ CI
- Flatulence, diarrhea, abd cramping
| - IBD, ulcers, obstruction
32
DPP-4- Indications
- Adjunct therapy with metformin
33
SGLT2 Inhibitors- Indications
- Improvement of glycemic control
