Glucose disorders Flashcards
1
Q
DM 1- Immune mediated- Eti
A
- 95% cases with Type 1 DM
- Children & young adults
- Scandinavia & N. Europe
- Genetic & envt factors
- Autoimmune Abs to pancreatic islet B cell destriction
2
Q
DM 1- Idopathic- Eti
A
5% of DM
- No evidence of autoimmunity
- Asian & African origin
3
Q
DM 1- Sx
A
- Accumulation of circulating glucose and fatty acids
- Absolute deficiency of insulin
- Wt loss
- Polyuria/ dipsia
- Weakness/ fatigue
- Nocturnal enuresis
- Ketonemia, ketonuria
4
Q
DM 1- Dx
A
Fasting glucose >126
- A1c >6.5
- Glucose load > 200
5
Q
DM 1- Tx
A
- Diet: carb counting, limit cholesterol, high soluble fiber
- Insulin therapy
6
Q
DM 2 in obese- Eti
A
- Majority of DM 2 pts
- Visceral obesity correlates with insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance & beta cell loss
- Genetic & environmental
7
Q
Maturity onset of diabetes of the young- Eti
A
- Rare monogenetic disorder
- <25 onset
- Non-obese
- Mutation of transcription factors responsible for islet gene expression
- MODY 3 most common
8
Q
DM 2- Sx
A
- Asymptomatic initially
- Pruritus & vaginitis
- Acanthosis nigricans- hyperkeratotic, hyper-pigmentation
- Recent blurred vision
- Peripheral neuropathy
9
Q
DM 2 - Dx
A
- Glycosuria
- A1c >6.5
- Fasting glucose >126
10
Q
DM 2 - Tx
A
- ADA dietary guidelines
- Exercise
- Medication: Metformin, sulfonyureas
