Pharm. Chapter 5 AW Flashcards
Adverse Drug Event
Any undesirable occurrence related to administration of or failure to administer a prescribed medication.
Adverse Drug Reactions
Unexpected, unintended, or excessive responses to medications given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose); one type of adverse drug reactions.
Allergic reactions
An immunologic reaction resulting from an unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event and a subtype of adverse drug reactions.
Idiosyncratic reaction
Any abnormal and unexpected response to a medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient.
Medical Errors
A broad term used to refer to any errors at any point in patient care that cause or have the potential to cause patient harm.
Medication errors
Any preventable adverse drug events involving inappropriate medication use by a patient or health care professional; they may or may not cause the patient harm.
Medications reconciliation
A procedure implemented by health care providers to maintain an accurate and up-to-date list of medications for all patients between all phases of health care delivery.
Medical errors occur during all phases of health care
Some of the more common type of error include misdiagnosis, patient misidentification,lack of patient monitoring, wrong-site surgery, and medication errors.
Drugs commonly involved in errors
central nervous system drugs, anticoagulants, and chemotherapeutic drugs.
High-alert medications
High-alert medications have been identified as those that, because of their potentially toxic nature, require special care when prescribing, dispensing, and/or administering. Patient harm is higher in high-alert drugs.
SALAD
Sound alike, look alike drugs. Medication errors occur also because there are large numbers of drugs that have similarities in spelling and/or pronunciation.
Medication errors result from
from weaknesses in the systems within health care organizations rather than from individual shortcomings.
Step in medication error process
Procuring, prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring.
All preventable adverse drug events begin with an error at the medication ordering (prescribing) stage.
Administration is the next most common point in the process at which medication errors occur, followed by dispensing errors and transcription errors.
Preventing Medication error
Medication errors are considered to be any preventable event that could lead to inappropriate medication use or harm.
1) no error, although circumstances or events occurred that could have led to an error. 2)medication error that cause no harm. 3)medication error that causes harm.
4)medication error that results in death.
Preventing errors by: 1)multiple system of checks and balances should be implemented to prevent errors. 2)prescribers should write legible orders. 3)pharmacists should be consulted if there are concerns. 4)nurses should always check meds 3 times. 5)Six rights of medication.
responding and reporting
responding and reporting med errors are part of the professional responsibilities for which the nurse is accountable. If there is an med error, it must be reported. Incident report should be done. Reports should be accurate, thorough, and objective.
