pharm chapt. 2 F.L

Question 1

allergic reaction

Answer 1

hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unsusual sensitivity of a patient to a medication

Question 2

dependence

Answer 2

chronic need for a drug

Question 3

drug

Answer 3

any chemical that alters the physiological process of a living organism

Question 4

drug clasification

Answer 4

drugs are grouped together based on their similar propreties

Question 5

pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

what the body does to the drug

Question 6

pharmacodynamics

Answer 6

what the drug does to the body (absorbtion, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

Question 7

pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 7

drug actiouse of drugs to prevent illnesses

Question 8

drug action

Answer 8

interaction between the drug and the body cells ( mechanism of action)

Question 9

pharmacognosy

Answer 9

natural drug sources (plants, animals)

Question 10

patent life

Answer 10

17 years, 7 years for research 10 years for sales

Question 11

dissolution

Answer 11

process of which solid forms of drugs dissintegrate in the GI tract and become soluble before being absorbed into circulation (liquid forms of drugs are already dissolved and are absorbed more quickly than pills)

Question 12

additive effect

Answer 12

drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is = to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone.
1+1=2

Question 13

adverse drug event

Answer 13

any undesirable occurrence related to medication

Question 14

adverse drug reaction

Answer 14

any unexpected, undesired response to a med given at therapeutic dosage

Question 15

adverse effect

Answer 15

undesirable effect that are a direct response to one or more drugs

Question 16

agonist

Answer 16

a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body

Question 17

antagonist

Answer 17

a drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body. AKA inhibitors

Question 18

antagonist effects

Answer 18

drug interaction in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone 1+1<2
usually caused by antagonist (blocking ) effect of one drug on another

Question 19

bioavalibility

Answer 19

measure of the extent of drug absorbtion for a given drug and route (from 0%-100%)

Question 20

biotransformation

Answer 20

one or more biochemical reaction involving a parent drug. occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active. AKA metabolism

Question 21

blood-brain barrier

Answer 21

barrier system that restricts the passafe of various chemicals and microscopic entities (bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and CNS. it allows for passage of essential substances such as oxugen

Question 22

chemical name

Answer 22

name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug

Question 23

contraindication

Answer 23

any condition, especialy one related to a disease state or patient characteristic, including current or resent drug therapy, that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable.

Question 24

cytochrome

Answer 24

general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism and interaction

Question 25

drug effects

Answer 25

physiologic reaction of the body to a drug.

Question 26

drug induced teratofenisis

Answer 26

causing defects in fetus because of the toxticity of the drug

Question 27

drug interaction

Answer 27

alternation in the pharmacologic of pharmacokinetic activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs. it is usually related to effects on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved drug

Question 28

duration of action

Answer 28

length of time the drug needs to elict a response

Question 29

enzymes

Answer 29

protein molecules that catalyze one or more of a variety of biochemical reactions, including those related to the bodys physiologic processes as well as those related to drug metabolism

Question 30

first pass effect

Answer 30

the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestional tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through bloodstream

Question 31

generic name

Answer 31

name given by united state adopted names council. AKA nonproprietary name. its much shorter and simpler and not trademarked

Question 32

glucose6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficency G6PD

Answer 32

hereditary condtion in which red blood cells break down when the body is exposed to certain drugs

Question 33

pharmacogenomics

Answer 33

study of the influence of genetic factors on drug response

Question 34

prodrug

Answer 34

inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body

Question 35

receptor

Answer 35

molecular structure within or on outer surface of a cell. receptors bind specific substances

Question 36

steady state

Answer 36

physiologic state in which amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to amount of drug absorbed by each dose

Question 37

substrate

Answer 37

substances on which enzymes act on

Question 38

synergistic effects

Answer 38

drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is grated than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. 1+1>2

Question 39

therapudic drug monitoring

Answer 39

process of measuring drug levels to identify pts. drug exposure and to allow adjustment of disages to prevent toxticity

Question 40

therapudic effect

Answer 40

desired effect of a med

Question 41

therapeutic index

Answer 41

ration between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug

Question 42

tolerance

Answer 42

reduced response to a drug because of prolonged use

Question 43

toxic

Answer 43

quality of being poisonous (bad to health)

Question 44

toxicology

Answer 44

study of poisons including toxic effects of drugs

Question 45

trade name

Answer 45

commercial name given by manufacturer, AKA proprietray name

Question 46

trough level

Answer 46

lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after is falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeudic drug monitoring

Question 47

peak level

Answer 47

maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeudic drug monitoring

Question 48

peak effect

Answer 48

time required for drug to reach maximum therapeudic response in body

Question 49

pharmaceutics

Answer 49

science of preparing and dispensing drugs, including dosage and design

Question 50

pharmacodynamics

Answer 50

study of biochemical and physiological interaction of drugs at their sites of activity. how drugs interact with body receptors