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Pharmacology Test 1 > pharm chapt. 2 F.L > Flashcards

pharm chapt. 2 F.L Flashcards

1
Q

allergic reaction

A

hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unsusual sensitivity of a patient to a medication

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2
Q

dependence

A

chronic need for a drug

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3
Q

drug

A

any chemical that alters the physiological process of a living organism

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4
Q

drug clasification

A

drugs are grouped together based on their similar propreties

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5
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to the drug

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6
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the body (absorbtion, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

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7
Q

pharmacotherapeutics

A

drug actiouse of drugs to prevent illnesses

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8
Q

drug action

A

interaction between the drug and the body cells ( mechanism of action)

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9
Q

pharmacognosy

A

natural drug sources (plants, animals)

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10
Q

patent life

A

17 years, 7 years for research 10 years for sales

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11
Q

dissolution

A

process of which solid forms of drugs dissintegrate in the GI tract and become soluble before being absorbed into circulation (liquid forms of drugs are already dissolved and are absorbed more quickly than pills)

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12
Q

additive effect

A

drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is = to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone.
1+1=2

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13
Q

adverse drug event

A

any undesirable occurrence related to medication

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14
Q

adverse drug reaction

A

any unexpected, undesired response to a med given at therapeutic dosage

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15
Q

adverse effect

A

undesirable effect that are a direct response to one or more drugs

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16
Q

agonist

A

a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body

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17
Q

antagonist

A

a drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body. AKA inhibitors

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18
Q

antagonist effects

A

drug interaction in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone 1+1<2
usually caused by antagonist (blocking ) effect of one drug on another

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19
Q

bioavalibility

A

measure of the extent of drug absorbtion for a given drug and route (from 0%-100%)

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20
Q

biotransformation

A

one or more biochemical reaction involving a parent drug. occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active. AKA metabolism

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21
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

barrier system that restricts the passafe of various chemicals and microscopic entities (bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and CNS. it allows for passage of essential substances such as oxugen

22
Q

chemical name

A

name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug

23
Q

contraindication

A

any condition, especialy one related to a disease state or patient characteristic, including current or resent drug therapy, that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable.

24
Q

cytochrome

A

general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism and interaction

25
Q

drug effects

A

physiologic reaction of the body to a drug.

26
Q

drug induced teratofenisis

A

causing defects in fetus because of the toxticity of the drug

27
Q

drug interaction

A

alternation in the pharmacologic of pharmacokinetic activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs. it is usually related to effects on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved drug

28
Q

duration of action

A

length of time the drug needs to elict a response

29
Q

enzymes

A

protein molecules that catalyze one or more of a variety of biochemical reactions, including those related to the bodys physiologic processes as well as those related to drug metabolism

30
Q

first pass effect

A

the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestional tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through bloodstream

31
Q

generic name

A

name given by united state adopted names council. AKA nonproprietary name. its much shorter and simpler and not trademarked

32
Q

glucose6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficency G6PD

A

hereditary condtion in which red blood cells break down when the body is exposed to certain drugs

33
Q

pharmacogenomics

A

study of the influence of genetic factors on drug response

34
Q

prodrug

A

inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body

35
Q

receptor

A

molecular structure within or on outer surface of a cell. receptors bind specific substances

36
Q

steady state

A

physiologic state in which amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to amount of drug absorbed by each dose

37
Q

substrate

A

substances on which enzymes act on

38
Q

synergistic effects

A

drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is grated than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. 1+1>2

39
Q

therapudic drug monitoring

A

process of measuring drug levels to identify pts. drug exposure and to allow adjustment of disages to prevent toxticity

40
Q

therapudic effect

A

desired effect of a med

41
Q

therapeutic index

A

ration between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug

42
Q

tolerance

A

reduced response to a drug because of prolonged use

43
Q

toxic

A

quality of being poisonous (bad to health)

44
Q

toxicology

A

study of poisons including toxic effects of drugs

45
Q

trade name

A

commercial name given by manufacturer, AKA proprietray name

46
Q

trough level

A

lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after is falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeudic drug monitoring

47
Q

peak level

A

maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeudic drug monitoring

48
Q

peak effect

A

time required for drug to reach maximum therapeudic response in body

49
Q

pharmaceutics

A

science of preparing and dispensing drugs, including dosage and design

50
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of biochemical and physiological interaction of drugs at their sites of activity. how drugs interact with body receptors

Pharmacology Test 1 (6 decks)

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