Pharm chapter 29 Hai

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capilaries, and veins, carrying nutriment and oxygen to the body cells. It consits of plasma, its liquid component, plus three major solid component: erythrocytes ( red blood cell or RBCs), leukocytes ( white blood cell or WBCs), and platelets.

Question 2

Colloid

Answer 2

protein substance that increase the colloid oncotic pressure.

Question 3

Colloid oncotic pressure

Answer 3

another name for oncotic pressure. It is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by protein in blood plasma that tends to pull water into circulatory system.

Question 4

Crystalloid

Answer 4

substance in a solution that diffuse through semipermeable membrance.

Question 5

Dehydration

Answer 5

excessive loss of water from the body tissue. It is accompanied by an imbalance in the concentrations of essential electrolytes, particular sodium, potasium, and chloride.

Question 6

Edema

Answer 6

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstial spaces.

Question 7

Extracellular fluid

Answer 7

That portion of the body fluid comprising the interstial fluid and blood plasma. Plasma has a protein concentration four times greater than that of the ISF, composed primarily of albumin. The reason for this high intravascular concentration of protein is that solutes have very large molecular weight.

Question 8

Extravasculular fluid (EVF)

Answer 8

Fluid in the body that is outside the blood vessel.

Question 9

Gradient

Answer 9

A difference in the concentration of a substance on two sides of a permeable barrier.

Question 10

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

the pressure exerted by a liquid which is less than the colloid oncotic pressure.

Question 11

Hyperkalemia

Answer 11

An abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, mmost often due to defective renal excretion but also caused by excessive dietary potassium or certain drugs, such as potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors.

Question 12

Hypernatremia

Answer 12

An abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood; maybe due to defective renal excretion but is more commonly caused by excessive dietary sodium or replacement therapy.

Question 13

hypolakalemia

Answer 13

A condition in which there is an inadequate amount of potassium, the major intracellular cation, in the bloodstream

Question 14

hyponatremia

Answer 14

A condition in which there is inadequate amount of sodium, the major extracellular cation, in the blood stream , caused either by inadequate excretion of water or by excessive water intake.

Question 15

Interstitial fluid (ISF)

Answer 15

the extracellular fluid that fills in the spaces between most of the cells body.

Question 16

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 16

the fluid located within cell membranes throughout most of the body. It contains dissolved solutes that are essential to maintaining electrolyte balance and healthy metabolism.

Question 17

Intravascular fluid (IVF)

Answer 17

the fluid inside the blood vessel.

Question 18

Isotonic

Answer 18

having the same concentration of a solute as another solution and hence exerting the same osmotic pressure as that solution, such as isotonic saline solution that contains an amount of salt equal to that found in the intracellular and extracellular.

Question 19

Osmotic pressure

Answer 19

the pressure produced by a solution necessary to prevent the osmotic passage of solvent into it when the solution and solvent are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

Question 20

Plasma

Answer 20

The watery, straw -colored fluid component of lymph and blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended.

Question 21

Serum

Answer 21

The clear, cell-free portion of the blood from which fibrinogen also been separated during the clotting process, as typically carried out with a laboratory sample.

Question 22

Sodium

Answer 22

is the principle extracellular electrolyte and plays a primary role in maintaining water concentration due to its highly osmotic chemistry.

Question 23

When fluid that has been lost must be replaced, there are three categories of agents that be used to accomplish:

Answer 23

crystalloid, colloids and blood products.

Question 24

Acid ( donate or release hydrogen ion)-base ( accept hydrogen ion) balance is also important to normal bodily function and regulated by

Answer 24

the respiratory system and the kidney.