Pharm chapter 29 Hai Flashcards
Blood
the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capilaries, and veins, carrying nutriment and oxygen to the body cells. It consits of plasma, its liquid component, plus three major solid component: erythrocytes ( red blood cell or RBCs), leukocytes ( white blood cell or WBCs), and platelets.
Colloid
protein substance that increase the colloid oncotic pressure.
Colloid oncotic pressure
another name for oncotic pressure. It is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by protein in blood plasma that tends to pull water into circulatory system.
Crystalloid
substance in a solution that diffuse through semipermeable membrance.
Dehydration
excessive loss of water from the body tissue. It is accompanied by an imbalance in the concentrations of essential electrolytes, particular sodium, potasium, and chloride.
Edema
the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstial spaces.
Extracellular fluid
That portion of the body fluid comprising the interstial fluid and blood plasma. Plasma has a protein concentration four times greater than that of the ISF, composed primarily of albumin. The reason for this high intravascular concentration of protein is that solutes have very large molecular weight.
Extravasculular fluid (EVF)
Fluid in the body that is outside the blood vessel.
Gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance on two sides of a permeable barrier.
Hydrostatic pressure
the pressure exerted by a liquid which is less than the colloid oncotic pressure.
Hyperkalemia
An abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, mmost often due to defective renal excretion but also caused by excessive dietary potassium or certain drugs, such as potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors.
Hypernatremia
An abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood; maybe due to defective renal excretion but is more commonly caused by excessive dietary sodium or replacement therapy.
hypolakalemia
A condition in which there is an inadequate amount of potassium, the major intracellular cation, in the bloodstream
hyponatremia
A condition in which there is inadequate amount of sodium, the major extracellular cation, in the blood stream , caused either by inadequate excretion of water or by excessive water intake.
Interstitial fluid (ISF)
the extracellular fluid that fills in the spaces between most of the cells body.
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
the fluid located within cell membranes throughout most of the body. It contains dissolved solutes that are essential to maintaining electrolyte balance and healthy metabolism.
Intravascular fluid (IVF)
the fluid inside the blood vessel.
Isotonic
having the same concentration of a solute as another solution and hence exerting the same osmotic pressure as that solution, such as isotonic saline solution that contains an amount of salt equal to that found in the intracellular and extracellular.
Osmotic pressure
the pressure produced by a solution necessary to prevent the osmotic passage of solvent into it when the solution and solvent are separated by a semipermeable membrane.
Plasma
The watery, straw -colored fluid component of lymph and blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended.
Serum
The clear, cell-free portion of the blood from which fibrinogen also been separated during the clotting process, as typically carried out with a laboratory sample.
Sodium
is the principle extracellular electrolyte and plays a primary role in maintaining water concentration due to its highly osmotic chemistry.
When fluid that has been lost must be replaced, there are three categories of agents that be used to accomplish:
crystalloid, colloids and blood products.
Acid ( donate or release hydrogen ion)-base ( accept hydrogen ion) balance is also important to normal bodily function and regulated by
the respiratory system and the kidney.
