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Quarter 4 finals > Pharm- Cardio, Pulm > Flashcards

Pharm- Cardio, Pulm Flashcards

1
Q

1st line HTN treatment in those with DM, CKF, and Heart failure

A

ACE-I

“prils” i.e. Lisinopril

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2
Q

SE of Lisinopril

and all “prils”

A

angioedema
dry cough
hypotension
hyperkalemia

CONTRA: pregnant, angioedema

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3
Q

ARBs are good alternates to ACE-I but downfall

A

more expensive

“sartans”

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4
Q

Metoprolol

“lol” are CONTRA in

A

Asthma, anytime heart is going too slow

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5
Q

Avoid abrupt cessation of

A

beta blockers!

can precipitate MI and HTN crisis

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6
Q

Digoxin has a narrow margin of safety, esp with

A

Renal insufficiency

Low potassium

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7
Q

Loop diuretics CONTRA

A

Sulfa allergy!!

there is only one that doesn’t have sulfa

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8
Q

The One Loop diuretic that doesn’t have sulfa

A

Ethacrynic Acid

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9
Q

downfall of Ethacrynic Acid

A

Ototoxic

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10
Q

If person has gout, need to be careful with Loop diuretics because

A

a SE of Loops is High uricemia (may precipitate gout)

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11
Q

Other SE of Loops

A

Low everything- K, Na, Ca

often supplement with K+

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12
Q

Thiazides are used as

A

moreso in treating HTN

not 1st line for Heart Failure

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13
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

A

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

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14
Q

Direct Na inhibitor

A

Triamterene

Amiloride

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15
Q

Four 1st line treatments for HTN

A

HCTZ (thiazide), ACE-I, ARB, CCB

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16
Q

African American pts with HTN should use

A

HCTZ

CCB

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17
Q

Goal BP for someone >60YO

A

if no DM or CKD, can have goal at: 150/90

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18
Q

Goal BP for everyone else

A

140/90

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19
Q

CCB side effect

the Dihydropyridine type

A

Peripheral edema

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20
Q

Dihydropyridine CCBs

A

Nifedipine

Amlodipine

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21
Q

Non-dihydro CCBs

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

22
Q

A blockers are good choice to treat HTN is pt also has

A

BPH

Prazosin

23
Q

53 YO with RESISTANT HTN, already on Lisinopril (ACE-I), HCTZ (thiazide), and Amlodipine (CCB)

what else can we add?

A

B-blocker

24
Q

Refractory HTN treatment

A

Centrally acting sympatholytic

Clonidine, Methyldopa

25
Q

HTN med for pregnant momma

A

Methyldopa

Coombs test, hemolytic anemia, liver enzymes

26
Q

Avoid abrupt cessation of what two HTN meds to avoid HTN crisis???

A

B-blocker

Clonidine and Methyldopa

27
Q

Cannot give Nitro to someone who is taking

A

Viagra

28
Q

Give sublingual Nitro how often?

A

Every 5 min up to 3 doses

29
Q

Treatment for long term Stable Angina

A

B-blocker

CCB

30
Q

HTN crisis bc someone stopped meds too soon

A

Was either:
B-blocker
Central acting sympatholytic

(might also see proteinuria)

31
Q

What is in “Duo neb”?

A

Albuterol + Ipratropium

32
Q

Ipratropium

A

Anti-Muscarinic

33
Q

Fluticasone

A

Steroid

34
Q

In office setting, Tx for Acute Asthma Exacerbation/ Bronchospasm is…

A

Duo neb every 20 minutes for up to 3 doses

35
Q

How long does Albuterol’s effects last?

A

about 4 hours

36
Q

Rx to send home after treating an Asthma exacerbation

A

Rx: ProAir HFA 90 mcg/puff
Sig: 1-2 puffs every 4-6 hours prn for wheezing
Quantity: 1 inhale
Refills: 1

37
Q

After treating an Asthma exacerbation, how soon should you f/u?

A

2-3 days

38
Q

After treatment with SABA for Asthma, if it not controlled

A

Add:
Fluticasone (steroid)
OR
Singulair (montelukast)

39
Q

SE of Singulair (montelukast)

A

Upper respiratory inf
Headache
Abd pain
Mood changes

40
Q

What is the preferred tx to add to Albuterol as step 2?

A

Fluticasone (steroid) > Singulair (montelukast)

41
Q

Rx for Singulair (montelukast)

A

Rx: Singulair 4 mg chewable tablet
Sig: chew 1 tablet qPM
Qty: 30 tablets
Refills:2

42
Q

Why to take Singulair at night

A

can cause drowsiness

43
Q

When does someone become a candidate for Omalizumab (Xolair)?

A

> 6 YO

44
Q

Tx to start in office when treating Acute Exacerbation of COPD

A

Duoneb 2 puffs q6hr x 2 days

Steroid 40 mg tablet daily x 5 days

45
Q

Abx to give for COPD exacerbation

A

Macrolide (if uncomplicated)
or
FluoroQ (complicated)

46
Q

Macrolides

A

Azithromycin (Z pack)

Clarithromycin

47
Q

Anti-muscarinics

A

SAMA- Ipratropium

LAMA- Tiotropium

48
Q

ends in “tropium”

A

Antimuscarinic

49
Q

ends in “sone”

A

steroid

50
Q

Salmeterol

A

LABA

51
Q

Advair

A

Salmeterol + Fluticasone

LABA + steroid

52
Q

Symbicort

A

Formoterol + Budesonide

LABA + steroid

Quarter 4 finals (11 decks)

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