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Quarter 4 finals > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

Where to look for RAE

A

Lead II and V1

Right atrial enlargement: p wave will be too tall, and 1st part will be exaggerated

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2
Q

Where to look for LAE

A

Lead II and V1

Left atrial enlargement: p wave duration will be too long, and 2nd part will be exaggerated

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3
Q

LVH

A

look at leads V1-V2, V5-V6, and avL

V1-V2 very deep
V5-V6 very tall
avL >11

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4
Q

RVH criteria

A

Tall in V1-V2
Deep in V5-V6
RAD will be present

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5
Q

RAD

A

Lead II and avF

negative in Lead II
positive in avF

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6
Q

LAD

A

Lead II and avF

positive in Lead II
negative in avF

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7
Q

With BBB, what will we see?

A

wide QRS duration

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8
Q

LBBB, what leads do we look at?

A

Lead I and V6

wide UP part (the R wave will be wide)

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9
Q

RBBB criteria

A

Lead I and V6
wide DOWN part (the S wave)

also may see M shape rabbit ears in V1-V2

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10
Q

LAHB is associated with

A

strong LAD

look at lead II, if negative, strong indication that LAHB is present

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11
Q

LPHB is assoc with

A

strong RAD

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12
Q

LAHB criteria

Lead I and Lead III

A

Lead I: tall

Lead III: deep

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13
Q

LPHB

assoc w strong RAD

A

tall in Lead III

lead III is the part of pie slice on the RAD side

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14
Q

Between Ventricular hypertrophy and BBB, which one trumps on an EKG?

A

BBB

can’t assess for ventricular hypertrophy in the setting of BBB

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15
Q

WPW syndrome

A

short PRI
wide QRS

“delta waves”

vulnerable to supraventricular tachycardia

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16
Q

LGL syndrome

A

short PRI

no delta waves

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17
Q

Strong, peaked T waves

A

Hyperkalemia

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18
Q

Flattened T waves

+ “U waves”

A

Hypokalemia

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19
Q

What is Ca2+ relationship with QT intervals?

A

inverse

HYPERcalcemia: short QT

HYPOcalcemia: long QT interval

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20
Q

Short QT interval

Gradual downslope of ST segment making it “coved”

A

“Dig effect”

21
Q

All intervals are prolonged
+
“Osborn waves”

A

Hypothermia

22
Q

Spike is showing up where it should not be,

not sensing the natural activity of the heart

A

Failure to sense

23
Q

pacemaker is throwing its vibes out there, but the heart is not responding

A

failure to capture

a spike not followed by a p wave or QRS wave

24
Q

overestimating the heart’s ability to do anything naturally, uhhhhhh hello?

A

failure to pace

25
Q

Posterior MI

A

look at V1-V2

ST depression, but they are not d/t reciprocal changes.

the rest of the EKG is normal

26
Q

What are reciprocal changes?

A

ST depression in the leads opposite of where the MI is

27
Q

Signs of PE

other than sinus tachy

A

S1 Q3 T3

large S (down part) in lead I

in lead III: large Q (down part) and inverted T wave

28
Q

HyperCa puts pt at increased risk for:

A

BBB and AV blocks

29
Q

What causes prolonged QT?

A

low Ca
low Mg
Low K

and “T-PAM”

TCA
Phenothiazines
Anti-arrhythmic
Macrolides

30
Q

WPW is d/t pre-excitation going through the:

A

Bundle of Kent

31
Q

LGL is d/t pre-excitation going through the:

A

James fibers

32
Q

J point notching

ST elevation but we see the J point notch all up in the QRS’s business

A

Benign early repolarization

young, healthy patients

33
Q

Electrical alternans assoc with

A

Pericarditis with LARGE effusion

heart may be rotating freely in the fluid making ever changing QRS complexes

34
Q

SQT

1:3:3

A

Large PE

35
Q

QTc interval

A

“corrected QT interval”

represents both depol and repol but corrected for Heart Rate

36
Q

QTc increases the risk for TdP

what are the criteria for Men and Women?

A

> 0.44 in M

>0.46 in F

37
Q

“U waves”

A

Hypokalemia

38
Q

Digoxin effects

A

Slows HR and AV conduction, but

Increases myocardial contractility

39
Q

Toxic blood levels of Digoxin, what happens?

A

> 2.4

Conduction blocks or Tachy-dysrhythmia
or BOTH

Increased risk if you have Kidney dz already or Hypokalemia

40
Q

“Dig effect” therapeutic levels, ok, do not need to discontinue drug

A

Flattened T waves
short QT interval

Gradual downslope of the ST segment, “coved”

41
Q

What is the most common rhythm disturbance d/t Digoxin?

A

PAT w 2nd degree AV block (2:1)

42
Q

Dig toxicity associated with

A

Hypokalemia

43
Q

When to stop drug if it is affecting the QTI?

A

if >25% prolongation develops

44
Q

“osborn waves”

A

Hypothermia

45
Q

With Hypothermia, “osborn” waves, there is early repol, but how is it different than early benign repol?

A

With osborn waves, it dips way down after the early repol

46
Q

Brugada syndrome

A

Rare, inherited Autosomal Dominant

Results in EKG abnormalities that cause sudden death d/t A-Fib

47
Q

Tx for Brugada syndrome

A

ICD (implanted defibrillator)

3 diff types with variable ST elevation

48
Q

What two things cause decreased/shorter QT interval?

A

High Ca2+

Digoxin

Quarter 4 finals (11 decks)

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