Pharm - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Define Efferent Neurons
- describes the neuronal pathways that conduct information to and from the central nervous system to organs and tissues
Define afferent neurons
they carry signals from the peripheray to the CNS
The autonomic system maintains ……… in the body without conscious awareness
homeostasis
Describe the neural characteristics of the sympathetic system
- preganglionic nerve fibres arise frim the thoracolumbar region and synapse with psotganglionic nerve fibres in prevertebral and paravertebral ganglia adjacent to the spinal cord
- preganglionic nerve fibres are close to the spinal cord
- post ganglionic nerve fibres are long and run to the effector organ
- preganglionic nerve fibre to postganglionic nerve fibre ratio is large
- response is fast and widespread
Describe the neural characterisitcs of the parasympathetic system
- preganglionic nerve fibres arise from the craniosacral region and synapse with postganglionic nerve fibres in the effector organs
- the preganglionic nerve fibres are close to the effector
- post-ganglionic nerve fibres are short
- reganglionic nerve fibre to postganglion fibre ratio is small (about 1:4)
- response is slower and focused
What are the 2 principal neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system?
Acetylcholine and noradrenaline
What causes the release of neurotransmitters?
Action Potential
The preganglionic fibres in the sympathetic and parasymtpathetic systems are….
cholinergic
What is the primary neurotransmitter of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic system?
acetylcholine
Are the postganglionic nerve fibres in the sympathetic system adrenergic or cholinergic?
adrenergic
Are the postganglionic nerve fibres in the parasympathetic system adrenergic or cholinergic?
cholinergic
What do the sympathetic postganglionic nerves primarily synthesize and release as there primary neurotransmitters
noradrenaline
What are the 4 adrenergic receptors classified as?
- alpha 1
- alpha 2
- beta 1
- beta 2
Are the postganglionic nerve fibres in the sympathetic system cholinergic or anticholinergic?
cholinergic
What do the parasympathetic postganglionic nerves primarily synthesize and release as there primary neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
What are the cholinergic receptors classifed as in the parasympathetic system
- Mucanaric 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
- nicotinic 1, 2
What is the mechanism of action of Norepi?
stimualtes beta 1 and alpha adrenergic receptors causing increased cardiac contractility and heart rate as well as vasoconstriction
Define Catecholamines
group term referring to neurotransmitter in the CNS
- norepi
- dopamine
- epinepherine
