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AEMCA Studying > ALS PCS AI Flashcards > Flashcards

ALS PCS AI Flashcards

1
Q

What does ALS stand for in the context of healthcare?

A

Advanced Life Support

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the ALS PCS in Ontario?

A

To provide a standardized approach to advanced life support in pre-hospital settings.

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3
Q

True or False: The ALS PCS is only applicable to paramedics.

A

False

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The ALS PCS is a part of the _____ system in Ontario.

A

Emergency Medical Services

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5
Q

What are the primary components of the ALS PCS?

A

Protocols, procedures, and guidelines for advanced life support.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of ALS PCS? A) Cardiac arrest B) Trauma C) Routine check-ups

A

C) Routine check-ups

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7
Q

What type of patients does ALS PCS primarily serve?

A

Patients experiencing life-threatening medical emergencies.

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8
Q

True or False: ALS PCS includes guidelines for medication administration.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the role of paramedics under the ALS PCS?

A

To assess, treat, and transport patients using advanced life support techniques.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS protocols are regularly _____ to ensure effectiveness.

A

reviewed and updated

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a component of the ALS PCS? A) Patient assessment B) Dietary guidelines C) Physical therapy

A

A) Patient assessment

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12
Q

What does the acronym PCS stand for?

A

Patient Care Standards

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13
Q

What type of training is required for paramedics to implement ALS PCS?

A

Advanced training in life support techniques and protocols.

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14
Q

True or False: ALS PCS is only used in urban areas of Ontario.

A

False

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS aims to improve _____ outcomes for patients.

A

clinical

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16
Q

What is the significance of the ALS PCS in emergency situations?

A

It provides a clear framework for paramedics to deliver timely and effective care.

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17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key skill taught in ALS PCS training? A) Basic first aid B) Advanced airway management C) Nutrition advice

A

B) Advanced airway management

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18
Q

How often are ALS PCS guidelines updated?

A

Regularly, based on new research and clinical evidence.

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19
Q

True or False: ALS PCS protocols are the same across all provinces in Canada.

A

False

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20
Q

What is the primary goal of the ALS PCS?

A

To enhance patient care and survival rates in emergencies.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS includes protocols for _____ management.

A

pain

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22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes ALS PCS? A) A set of laws B) A clinical guideline C) A patient complaint form

A

B) A clinical guideline

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23
Q

What is one of the challenges faced in implementing ALS PCS?

A

Ensuring all paramedics are adequately trained and updated on protocols.

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24
Q

True or False: ALS PCS can be adapted for use in non-emergency settings.

A

True

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The ALS PCS is designed to work in conjunction with _____ services.

A

hospital

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26
Q

What is the role of continuous quality improvement in ALS PCS?

A

To assess and enhance the effectiveness of the protocols and training.

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27
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common scenario where ALS PCS is applied? A) Seasonal flu B) Cardiac arrest C) Minor cuts

A

B) Cardiac arrest

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28
Q

What is the importance of evidence-based practice in ALS PCS?

A

It ensures that the protocols are grounded in the latest research and best practices.

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29
Q

True or False: ALS PCS includes guidelines for pediatric patients.

A

True

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS emphasizes the importance of _____ communication among healthcare providers.

A

effective

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31
Q

What is one of the key outcomes expected from implementing ALS PCS?

A

Improved patient survival rates in critical situations.

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32
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of an advanced intervention in ALS PCS? A) CPR B) Bandaging a wound C) Administering IV fluids

A

C) Administering IV fluids

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33
Q

How does ALS PCS benefit paramedics in the field?

A

By providing clear protocols to follow in emergencies.

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34
Q

True or False: ALS PCS is solely focused on trauma care.

A

False

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35
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS protocols are developed based on _____ research.

A

clinical

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36
Q

What is the significance of the term ‘scope of practice’ in ALS PCS?

A

It defines the procedures and interventions that paramedics are authorized to perform.

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37
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organization typically oversees the development of ALS PCS in Ontario? A) Ministry of Health B) Ontario Medical Association C) Canadian Red Cross

A

A) Ministry of Health

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38
Q

What are some common medications used in ALS PCS protocols?

A

Epinephrine, nitroglycerin, and atropine.

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39
Q

True or False: The ALS PCS protocols are static and do not change over time.

A

False

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40
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS aims to standardize _____ care across Ontario.

A

emergency

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41
Q

What type of assessment is critical in the ALS PCS framework?

A

Patient assessment

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42
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the first step in the ALS PCS protocol during a cardiac arrest? A) Administer medication B) Call for backup C) Start CPR

A

C) Start CPR

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43
Q

What does the term ‘intervention’ refer to in ALS PCS?

A

Any action taken to improve a patient’s condition.

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44
Q

True or False: ALS PCS protocols are designed to be flexible and adaptable.

A

True

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45
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS includes guidelines for managing _____ emergencies.

A

medical

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46
Q

What is the role of teamwork in the implementation of ALS PCS?

A

To ensure coordinated care and effective response to emergencies.

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47
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key principle of ALS PCS? A) Individualized care B) Standardized protocols C) Minimal intervention

A

B) Standardized protocols

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48
Q

What is the expected impact of ALS PCS on patient outcomes?

A

To enhance survival and recovery rates in emergency situations.

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49
Q

True or False: ALS PCS protocols can vary between different regions within Ontario.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS emphasizes the importance of _____ in patient care.

A

evidence-based practice

51
Q

What is the significance of training and education in ALS PCS?

A

It ensures paramedics are knowledgeable and skilled in current protocols.

52
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a non-invasive procedure in ALS PCS? A) Intubation B) CPR C) Chest tube insertion

53
Q

How does ALS PCS address the needs of special populations, such as pediatrics?

A

By providing specific protocols tailored to their unique needs.

54
Q

True or False: ALS PCS is only applicable to urban emergency services.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: Continuous _____ is a key aspect of the ALS PCS framework.

A

evaluation

56
Q

What is one of the primary challenges in ALS PCS implementation?

A

Ensuring consistent training across all paramedic services.

57
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a focus area of ALS PCS? A) Cardiac emergencies B) Respiratory emergencies C) Cosmetic procedures

A

C) Cosmetic procedures

58
Q

What is the importance of patient history in the ALS PCS assessment process?

A

It helps paramedics make informed decisions about care.

59
Q

True or False: ALS PCS protocols are developed without input from medical professionals.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS protocols must adhere to _____ standards.

A

provincial

61
Q

What role does technology play in ALS PCS?

A

It enhances communication and data collection during emergencies.

62
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common assessment tool used in ALS PCS? A) Glasgow Coma Scale B) Body Mass Index C) Blood Pressure Monitor

A

A) Glasgow Coma Scale

63
Q

What is the significance of triage in the ALS PCS framework?

A

It helps prioritize patient care based on the severity of their condition.

64
Q

True or False: ALS PCS includes protocols for both adult and pediatric patients.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS protocols support _____ decision-making in emergencies.

66
Q

What is one of the goals of community education regarding ALS PCS?

A

To raise awareness about the importance of emergency response.

67
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key feature of ALS PCS? A) Flexibility B) Standardization C) Ambiguity

A

B) Standardization

68
Q

What is the importance of collaboration with hospitals in ALS PCS?

A

To ensure seamless transition of care from pre-hospital to hospital settings.

69
Q

True or False: ALS PCS protocols are based on outdated practices.

70
Q

Fill in the blank: ALS PCS aims to reduce variations in _____ care.

71
Q

What is the expected outcome of effective ALS PCS implementation?

A

Improved patient care and outcomes in emergency situations.

72
Q

Multiple Choice: What is a key factor in the success of ALS PCS? A) Consistent training B) Ignoring patient feedback C) Limited resources

A

A) Consistent training

73
Q

How does ALS PCS contribute to paramedic professionalism?

A

By establishing clear standards and expectations for practice.

74
Q

What is the primary indication for the Patellar Relocation Directive?

A

Patient with a suspected lateral patellar dislocation

This directive is specifically used when there is a suspicion of this type of dislocation.

75
Q

What is the age range indicated for the Patellar Relocation Directive?

A

Age: >/= 10 yrs - </= 50 yrs

This age range is crucial for determining eligibility for the procedure.

76
Q

What are the contraindications for the Patellar Relocation Directive?

A
  • High Velocity Trauma
  • Loss of consciousness: Unaltered
  • Direct Knee Trauma

These conditions may prevent the safe application of the directive.

77
Q

Define high velocity trauma in the context of the Patellar Relocation Directive.

A

A significant external force has acted upon the patient’s knee

This definition is important for assessing the patient’s suitability for the procedure.

78
Q

What is the recommended position for a patient during the Patellar Reduction Treatment?

A

Seated or lying position

Positioning is important for the effectiveness of the reduction treatment.

79
Q

What is the technique for performing the patellar reduction?

A

Gently extend the knee while lifting up on the patella and placing medial pressure to the edge of the patella

Proper technique is vital to successfully relocate the patella.

80
Q

What is the maximum number of attempts allowed for patellar reduction per patient?

A

2

This limit is set to reduce the risk of further injury.

81
Q

What is the controlled substance combination used for suspected opioid toxicity?

A

Buprenorphine & Naloxone

This combination is known as Suboxone.

82
Q

What is the indication for administering Suboxone?

A

Suspected opioid toxicity

Requires conditions such as age ≥ 16 years, unaltered mental status, and COWS ≥ 8.

83
Q

What are the contraindications for administering Suboxone?

A

Allergy or sensitivity & taken methadone in previous 72 hours

84
Q

What is the initial dose of Suboxone for opioid toxicity?

A

16mg BUC/SL

Followed by an 8mg dose after 10 minutes, up to a maximum of 24mg.

85
Q

When must inventory/count of controlled substances be performed and recorded?

A

When removing/returning controlled substances to storage and during exchange between paramedics

86
Q

What is the storage requirement for controlled substances when not in use?

A

Must be locked at all times

This includes being secured by double locking in various approved locations.

87
Q

What is the COWS score range indicating no active withdrawal?

88
Q

What COWS score range indicates mild withdrawal?

89
Q

What COWS score range indicates moderate withdrawal?

90
Q

What COWS score range indicates moderately severe withdrawal?

91
Q

What COWS score indicates severe withdrawal?

92
Q

What COWS score is an indication for suboxone administration?

93
Q

What document should be referred to for a complete table of COWS calculation?

A

ALS PCS v5.4 p. 164

94
Q

True or False: Suboxone can be administered to individuals under the age of 16.

95
Q

Fill in the blank: The COWS score of _____ indicates severe withdrawal.

96
Q

What is the indication for suctioning through SGA gastric port?

A

Patient with endotracheal or SGA (with gastric suction port) or Tracheostomy tube AND airway obstruction or increased secretions

This indicates a situation where suctioning may be necessary to clear the airway or manage secretions.

97
Q

What is the suction catheter size for an I-Gel size 1.5?

A

10F

This size is suitable for patients weighing between 5-12 kg.

98
Q

What is the suction catheter size for an I-Gel size 4?

A

12F

This size is for patients weighing between 50-90 kg.

99
Q

What is the maximum single dose of suctioning for patients aged ≥ 12 years?

A

100-150mmHg

This is the recommended pressure setting for effective suctioning.

100
Q

What should be done if vomit is present or the patient begins to vomit during suctioning?

A

SGA must be removed

This is crucial to prevent further complications.

101
Q

What are the limitations of suctioning through SGA gastric port?

A

Suctioning is not designed to remove foreign body airway obstructions or thick emesis

It is also not to be used to suction the trachea or clear ventilatory track.

102
Q

What are some complications associated with continuous suctioning?

A

Irritation of the esophagus or stomach and risk of infection

Infection risk can be mitigated by maintaining a clean and sterile environment.

103
Q

What are the advantages of gastric suctioning?

A
  • Easy skill to perform
  • Minimally invasive
  • Minimal risks
  • Ensures positioning of SGA is not compromised

These advantages are particularly beneficial in high-stress situations.

104
Q

What is the first step in prepping the gastric port and channel?

A

Apply a small bolus of lubricant to the proximal end of the gastric channel

Proper lubrication is essential for smooth catheter insertion.

105
Q

How do you measure the conventional catheter length and depth for an I-Gel?

A

Measure I-gel cradle and add 2cm

This ensures proper depth for effective suctioning, approximately 24cm for sizes 2.5 to 5.

106
Q

Fill in the blank: The suctioning pressure for patients aged < 1 year is _______.

A

60-100mmHg

This pressure is tailored for younger patients to minimize risk.

107
Q

What are the signs of traumatic hemorrhage?

A
  • Profuse external bleeding
  • Rapid, weak pulse
  • Hypotension
  • Cool, clammy skin
  • Altered LOA

LOA stands for Level of Awareness.

108
Q

What is the Trauma Triad of Death?

A
  • Hypothermia
  • Coagulopathy
  • Acidosis

This triad can be dangerous in cases of traumatic hemorrhage.

109
Q

What is TXA?

A

Tranexamic Acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that inhibits the activation of plasminogen to increase blood clot formation.

110
Q

What are the indications for administering TXA?

A
  • Suspected hemorrhage due to trauma
  • Hemodynamic instability

Hemodynamic instability refers to inadequate blood flow to meet the body’s needs.

111
Q

What is the minimum age for TXA administration?

A

> 16 years old

112
Q

What are the contraindications for TXA administration?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity to TXA
  • Greater than 3 hours from the time of injury to drug admin OR unknown time of injury
  • Isolated head injury
113
Q

What is the recommended dose of TXA?

114
Q

What is the concentration of TXA for administration?

A

1000mg/10mL

115
Q

What are the two methods of administering TXA?

A
  • IM (Intramuscular)
  • IV (Intravenous)

IV is the preferred route for administration.

116
Q

How should TXA be administered via IM?

A

Give 1000mg (10mL) using deltoids and vastus lateralis.

117
Q

How should TXA be administered via IV?

A

Titrate the dose over 5 minutes.

118
Q

What is the administration rate for TXA using a 50mL bag?

A

2 drops/sec to give the full dose over 5 minutes.

119
Q

How should TXA be administered without dilution?

A

Draw up the full vial 1000mg/10mL in a 10mL syringe and push 2mL each minute for a total of 10mL (1000mg) in 5 minutes.

120
Q

What should TXA administration not delay?

A

Transport and management of other reversible causes.

121
Q

When can TXA be considered in trauma settings?

A
  • Suspected internal bleeding
  • Uncontrolled external bleeding from neck, axilla, and groin region
122
Q

What situations should TXA not be used for?

A
  • Isolated extremity fractures or amputations WITHOUT hemorrhage
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Isolated head injuries
  • Non-traumatic bleeding

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