Pharm - Antiviral for COVID + Hepatitis

Question 1

___ is also known as camel flu

Answer 1

MERS

Question 2

coronavirus infections can range from ___ to ___

Answer 2

the common cold to more severe diseases like SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome, and COVID

Question 3

coronavirus is a __ ___ virus

Answer 3

ssRNA

Question 4

how does coronavirus infect humans?

Answer 4

through ANIMALS as an intermediate

Question 5

COVID-19 is caused by what virus?

Answer 5

SARS-COV2

Question 6

primary transmission of COVID-19

Answer 6

from person to person through respiratory droplets

minorly, through contaminated objects

Question 7

true or false

if you are not showing symptoms, you cannot transmit COVID-19

Answer 7

FALSE - you can

Question 8

estimated incubation period of COVID-19
(range)

Answer 8

2-14 days

Question 9

name some people at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19

Answer 9

old
overweight
diabetics
A and AB type blood (O less likely to have severe)

Question 10

CURRENTLY, treatment for COVID-19 patients is primarily ________

Answer 10

supportive – just relieve the symptoms

Question 11

name 4 drugs that the FDA gave EUA in the height of the COVID-19 pandemic

Answer 11

remdesivir
hydroxychloroquine
baricitinib
casirivimab + imdevimab

Question 12

what class is baricitinib

Answer 12

TNF inhibitor

Question 13

Remdesivir MOA

Answer 13

EUA treatment for COVID-19

inhibits DNA polymerase

Question 14

tocilizumab MOA

Answer 14

monoclonal antibody for COVID

IL-6 antagonist (binds both soluble and membrane bound IL-6 receptors

prevents cytokine storm symptoms

Question 15

what is IL-6 and what is it released by

Answer 15

pro inflammatory cytookine released by T and B cells,, etc

Question 16

who is tocilizumab indicated for (COVID)

Answer 16

hospitaled pts - adults and peds over 2 - who are so sick they need systemic steroids, supplemental o2, etc

Question 17

how is tocilizumab administered

Answer 17

IV infusion

Question 18

MOA molnupiravir

Answer 18

serves as RNA mutagen to produce faulty proteins (incorporates into RNA strand that the viral enzyme is synthesizing)

given orally

reduces risk of hospitalization from COVID by 50%

ITS A PRODRUG!!!!

Question 19

nirmatrelvir

Answer 19

part of paxlovid (+ ritonavir)

it is peptidomimetic - structurally resembles a peptide.
inhibits Mpro (main protease) of SARS-COV-2 virus

thus preventing viral replication

Question 20

why is nirmatrelvir given with ritonavir

Answer 20

nirmatrelvir is a substrate of CYP3A4 and has a very short half life

it is fen with ritonavir, a CYP inhibitor - to increase half life

Question 21

when should nirmatrelvir (paxlovid) dose be lowered?

Answer 21

RENAL IMPARIMENT

Question 22

precautions with paxlovid

Answer 22

hepatotoxicity, watch for renal function, HIV protease inhibitor resistance!!
also DDI - CYP inhibitor!!!!!

Question 23

how many types of hepatitis are there

Answer 23

5 types
A, B, C, D, E

Question 24

risk factors for getting hepatitis A

Answer 24

sexually, IV drug users, mother to infant, healthcare workers

Question 25

why is hepatitis B a very big concern

Answer 25

high rate of liver cancer and cirrhosis and other extrahepatic diseases like glomerulonephritis

Question 26

which is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes infections

amoxicillin
isoniazid
acyclovir
amphotericin B

Answer 26

acyclovir

Question 27

which virus is typically associated with genital herpes?

HSV-1
HSV-2
Cytomegalovirus
Hepatitis B

Answer 27

HSV-2

Question 28

which med is considered a prodrug that convers to an active form to treat herpes infections

oseltamivir
chloroquine
valacyclovir
fluconazole

Answer 28

valacyclovir

Question 29

how does acyclovir work to combat herpes infections

Answer 29

inhibits viral DNA synthesis

Question 30

what is a common side effect of antivirals like acyclovir and valacyclovir

Answer 30

HEADACHE

Question 31

true or false

there is a vaccine to prevent herpes simplex virus infection

Answer 31

FALSE

Question 32

how does baloxavir marboxil work against the influenza virus

Answer 32

inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, PREVENTING VIAL RNA SYNTHESIS and thus preventing the replication of new virus

Question 33

adamantine works by inhibiting which part of the influenza A virus?

Answer 33

M2 ion channel