Pharm - Antiviral for COVID + Hepatitis Flashcards
___ is also known as camel flu
MERS
coronavirus infections can range from ___ to ___
the common cold to more severe diseases like SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome, and COVID
coronavirus is a __ ___ virus
ssRNA
how does coronavirus infect humans?
through ANIMALS as an intermediate
COVID-19 is caused by what virus?
SARS-COV2
primary transmission of COVID-19
from person to person through respiratory droplets
minorly, through contaminated objects
true or false
if you are not showing symptoms, you cannot transmit COVID-19
FALSE - you can
estimated incubation period of COVID-19
(range)
2-14 days
name some people at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19
old
overweight
diabetics
A and AB type blood (O less likely to have severe)
CURRENTLY, treatment for COVID-19 patients is primarily ________
supportive – just relieve the symptoms
name 4 drugs that the FDA gave EUA in the height of the COVID-19 pandemic
remdesivir
hydroxychloroquine
baricitinib
casirivimab + imdevimab
what class is baricitinib
TNF inhibitor
Remdesivir MOA
EUA treatment for COVID-19
inhibits DNA polymerase
tocilizumab MOA
monoclonal antibody for COVID
IL-6 antagonist (binds both soluble and membrane bound IL-6 receptors
prevents cytokine storm symptoms
what is IL-6 and what is it released by
pro inflammatory cytookine released by T and B cells,, etc
who is tocilizumab indicated for (COVID)
hospitaled pts - adults and peds over 2 - who are so sick they need systemic steroids, supplemental o2, etc
how is tocilizumab administered
IV infusion
MOA molnupiravir
serves as RNA mutagen to produce faulty proteins (incorporates into RNA strand that the viral enzyme is synthesizing)
given orally
reduces risk of hospitalization from COVID by 50%
ITS A PRODRUG!!!!
nirmatrelvir
part of paxlovid (+ ritonavir)
it is peptidomimetic - structurally resembles a peptide.
inhibits Mpro (main protease) of SARS-COV-2 virus
thus preventing viral replication
why is nirmatrelvir given with ritonavir
nirmatrelvir is a substrate of CYP3A4 and has a very short half life
it is fen with ritonavir, a CYP inhibitor - to increase half life
when should nirmatrelvir (paxlovid) dose be lowered?
RENAL IMPARIMENT
precautions with paxlovid
hepatotoxicity, watch for renal function, HIV protease inhibitor resistance!!
also DDI - CYP inhibitor!!!!!
how many types of hepatitis are there
5 types
A, B, C, D, E
risk factors for getting hepatitis A
sexually, IV drug users, mother to infant, healthcare workers
why is hepatitis B a very big concern
high rate of liver cancer and cirrhosis and other extrahepatic diseases like glomerulonephritis
which is an antiviral medication used to treat herpes infections
amoxicillin
isoniazid
acyclovir
amphotericin B
acyclovir
which virus is typically associated with genital herpes?
HSV-1
HSV-2
Cytomegalovirus
Hepatitis B
HSV-2
which med is considered a prodrug that convers to an active form to treat herpes infections
oseltamivir
chloroquine
valacyclovir
fluconazole
valacyclovir
how does acyclovir work to combat herpes infections
inhibits viral DNA synthesis
what is a common side effect of antivirals like acyclovir and valacyclovir
HEADACHE
true or false
there is a vaccine to prevent herpes simplex virus infection
FALSE
how does baloxavir marboxil work against the influenza virus
inhibits cap-dependent endonuclease, PREVENTING VIAL RNA SYNTHESIS and thus preventing the replication of new virus
adamantine works by inhibiting which part of the influenza A virus?
M2 ion channel
