Pharm - Antacids

Question 1

3 types of low-systemic antacids

Answer 1

1) aluminum-based (aluminum hudroxide)
2) calcium-based (calcium carbonate)
3) magnesium-based (magnesium hydroxide/carbonate/trisilicate)

Question 2

list the high-systemic antacid

Answer 2

sodium bicarbonate

sodium based agent

Question 3

MOA of antacids

Answer 3

combine chemically with H+ ions –> generation of by-products (H2O, CO2, Cl-)

Question 4

do antacids reduce acid secretion or production?

Answer 4

NOPE

Question 5

side effect of higher doses of antacids

Answer 5

increase in lower esophageal sphincter tone

Question 6

compare onset of calcium, aluminum, magnesium, and sodium based agents

Answer 6

Ca+: rapid
Al: slow
Mg: rapid
Na+: rapid

Question 7

compare duration of action (DOA) of calcium, aluminum, magnesium, and sodium based agents

Answer 7

Ca+: long
Al: short
Mg: long
Na+: short

Question 8

compare acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of calcium, aluminum, magnesium, and sodium based agents

Answer 8

Ca+: very good
Al: fair/weak
Mg: good
Na+: fair/good

Question 9

MOA of simethicone

Answer 9

it’s a surfactant –> decreases surface tension which aids in the expulsion of gas

Question 10

use of simethicone

Answer 10

to increase expulsion of gas

Question 11

adverse effects aluminum-based agents

Answer 11

• constipation

- hypophosphatemia

Question 12

adverse effects magnesium-based agents

Answer 12

• diarrhea

- hypermagnesemia

Question 13

adverse effects calcium-based agents

Answer 13

• constipation
• hypercalcemia
• hypophosphatemia
• calcium based kidney stones

Question 14

what is “Milk-Alkali Syndrome”?

Answer 14

a result of hypercalcemia from using calcium-based agents as antacids

• leads to nephropathy and metabolic alkalosis

Question 15

what antacids can you use to treat hypophosphatemia

Answer 15

• aluminum based

- calcium based

Question 16

adverse effects of sodium-based agents

Answer 16

• gas/flatulence
• hypernatremia
• metabolic alkalosis

Question 17

what are common, important patient factors to consider when prescribing antacids

Answer 17

• dosage form and palatability
• presence of renal or heart dz
• electrolyte status
• dzs associated w/ diarrhea and constipation

Question 18

when must a patient take antacids to avoid drug interactions

Answer 18

take all antacids 1-2 hours BEFORE other medications OR 2-4 hours AFTER other medications

Question 19

which pharmaceutical agent is known as a “supplemental” agent co-administered with the antacids

Answer 19

simethicone