Pharm 8.2 -Muscuranic blockers

Question 1

Anticholinergic drugs are also called

Answer 1

antimuscarinic or parasympatholytics

Question 2

atropine is abtained from

Answer 2

atropa belladona

Question 3

antimuscaranic drugs are classified as

Answer 3

natruarl alkaloids, synthetic, and antiparkinsonism

Question 4

natural alkaloids drugs

Answer 4

atropine and scopolamine

Question 5

synthetic drugs

Answer 5

homatropine, ipratropium, oxybutynin, cyclopentolate, tropicamide, dicyclomine, pirenzepine, glycopyrrolate, tolterondine

Question 6

antiparkisonism drugs

Answer 6

trihexyphenydyl, procylidine, benztropine

Question 7

atropine blocks

Answer 7

muscarinic receptors competitively

Question 8

atropine structure

Answer 8

teriary amine, so enters BBB

Question 9

atropine works both

Answer 9

centrally and peripherally

Question 10

atropine actions on the CVS

Answer 10

tachycardia (due to blockade of Ach M2 receptors on SA node, also facilitates AV conduction, NO marked effect on BP, dialate blood vessels in facial blush area (atropine flush) that is not related to the antagonistic action (due to hyperthermia with resulting vasodialation)

Question 11

atropine actions on the eye

Answer 11

mydriasis, cycloplegia

Question 12

atropine induces mydriasis by

Answer 12

blocking the parasympathetic tone to the iris circular muscle – unopposed sympathetic timulation of the radial muscle results in dialation of the pupil

Question 13

atropine induced cycloplegia is

Answer 13

paralysis of accomodation due to blockage of M3 receptors on ciliary muscle - cannot focus near giving rise to blurring vision

Question 14

accomodation is caused by changes in the

Answer 14

lens - cliary muscle constirction allows for relaxation, lens widening allowing you to see close - cholinergic receptors

Question 15

atropine duration

Answer 15

7-10 days

Question 16

atropine usual concentration %

Answer 16

0.5-1%

Question 17

scopolamine duration

Answer 17

3-7 days

Question 18

scopolamine usual concentration

Answer 18

0.25%

Question 19

homatropine duration of effect

Answer 19

1-3 days

Question 20

homatropine usual concentration

Answer 20

2-5%

Question 21

cyclopentolate duration of effect

Answer 21

1 day

Question 22

cyclopentolate usual concentration

Answer 22

0.5 -2%

Question 23

tropicamide duration of effect

Answer 23

0.25 days

Question 24

tropicamide usual concentration

Answer 24

0.5 to 1%

Question 25

Atropine actions on Smooth muscles

Answer 25

relaxation of SM leading to -- GIT peristalsis inhibition/constipation, Bronchus dialation, urinary bladder retention due to relaxation of bladder and constriction of sphincter and trigone

Question 26

atropine actions on glands by M3 rec

Answer 26

decreases secretions of salivary glands, thermoregulatory sweat gland, tracheobronchial tree, acid in the stomach and lacrimal gland

Question 27

atropine can casue body temperature to

Answer 27

increase

Question 28

atropine on CNS

Answer 28

minimal CNS stimulant action in usual doses but high doses cause --restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, disorientation, inhibits vestibular disturbances (esp in motion sickness)

Question 29

tremor of parkinson's disease is reduced by centrally acting anti-muscarinic drugs like

Answer 29

trihexyphenyldyl, benztropine

Question 30

what drugs prevent or reverse vestibular disturbances of motion sickness

Answer 30

atropine, scopolamine

Question 31

with increasing dose atropine (in order)

Answer 31

decreases secretions, mydriasis and cycloplegia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, sedation, urinary retention and constipation, behavioural excitation and hallucinations

Question 32

atropine is absorbed from the

Answer 32

GIT

Question 33

Atropine can freely penetrate the

Answer 33

cornea

Question 34

half life of atropine is

Answer 34

4 hours

Question 35

which drug has better passage to the brain, atropine or scopolamine?

Answer 35

scoplamine

Question 36

uses of atropine substitutes

Answer 36

preanesthetic medication, peptic ulceration, antispasmodic, bronchial asthma and COPD, mydriatic and cycloplegic agent, bradycardia, antidote to organophosphorus poisoning, parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal dysfunction, overactive bladder, motion sickness

Question 37

atropine substitutes for preanesthetic medication

Answer 37

hyoscine, glycopyrrolate

Question 38

atropine substitutes for peptic ulceration

Answer 38

pirenzepine

Question 39

atropine substitutes for antispasmodic

Answer 39

hyoscine, glycopyrrolate, dicyclomine

Question 40

atropine substitues for bronchial asthma and COPD

Answer 40

Ipratropium, Tiotropium

Question 41

atropine substitutes for mydriatic and cycloplegic effects

Answer 41

tropicamide, homatropine, cyclopentolate

Question 42

atropine substitutes for parkinsonism

Answer 42

trihexyphenydyl, benztropine

Question 43

atropine substitutes for overactive bladder

Answer 43

oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium, solifernacin, darifenacin

Question 44

atropine substitutes for motion sickness

Answer 44

scopolamine

Question 45

adverse effects of atropine

Answer 45

blurred vision (mydriasis and cycloplegia), dry mouth, fever, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, agitations, hallucinations, delirium

Question 46

contraindications of atropine

Answer 46

glaucoma (narrow angle), urinary retentions (esp BPH patients)