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Pharmacology > Pharm 7.1 > Flashcards

Pharm 7.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous systmem

A

activities are not under direct conscious control

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2
Q

Autonomic nervous systmem controls

A

primarily the visceral functions sucha s cardiac output, blood flow to various organs, heartrate, BP, digestion_necc for life

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3
Q

nervous system and endocrine system

A

many commonalities - high level of integration in the brain, extensive negative feedback, chemicals fro transmission of information

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4
Q

two types of fibers

A

pregangliionic (myleinated) and post gaglionci (non myelinated)

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5
Q

divided into

A

pANS and SANS

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6
Q

major neurotransmitters

A

Ach (PANS) and NE(SANS) _..but both ganglia use Ach

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7
Q

ORIGIN

A

Thoraco-lumbar

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8
Q

DISTRIB

A

Wide

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9
Q

GANGLIA

A

Away from organ

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10
Q

LENGTH OF FIBERS

A

Short preganglionic; Long postganglionic

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11
Q

NT

A

NE

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12
Q

FUNCTION

A

Stress

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13
Q

ORIGIN

A

Cranio-sacral

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14
Q

DISTRIB

A

Limited

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15
Q

GANGLIA

A

Close to organ

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16
Q

LENGTH OF FIBERS

A

Long preganglionic; Short postganglionic

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17
Q

NT

A

ACh

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18
Q

FUNCTION

A

Conserve energy

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19
Q

all preganglionci fibers and somatic (nonautonomic) motor fibers are

A

cholinergic

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20
Q

all postganglionic parasympathetic and a few sympathetic post ganglionic fibers are

A

cholinergic

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21
Q

enteric nervous system

A

a large and highly organized collection of neurons located in the walls of the gastrointestinal system functions independently of the CNS and controls the motility, exocrine and endocirne secretions, and cicrocirculation of GIT (sometimes considered a 3rd division of ANS)

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22
Q

ENS is a collections of

A

nerve fibers that innervate the GIT, pancreas, gall bladder and it constitues “brain of the gut”

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23
Q

ENS plexuses

A

myenteric plexus (the plexus of Aurbach) and the submucos plexus (the plexus of Meissner)

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24
Q

ENS is modulated by

A

SANS and PANS

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25
Q

Bear vs Couch

A

Sympathtic vs Parasympathetic

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26
Q

SANS responds to

A

stressful situations - fight or flight

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27
Q

Effects of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

A

increase BP and HR, mobilize energy stores of the body, increase blood flow to keletal muscles and the heart while diverting blood from the skin and internal organs, dialation of the pupils and bronchiles, affects GI motility and fn of bladder and sexual organs

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28
Q

SANS tens to fn as

A

a unit with diffuse distribution of post ganglionic fibers involved in a wide array of phsiological activities - complete system

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29
Q

PANS maintains

A

essential body functions (homeostasis) - rest and digest

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30
Q

PANS is not a

A

functional entity and never discharges as a complete system, but discrete PNS fibers are activated separately

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31
Q

Role of the CNS in autonomic control functions

A

ANS is a motor (efferent) system however requires sensory input from peripheral sturctures

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32
Q

sensory afferents originating in the viscera and other organs travel to

A

integrating centers in the CNS - hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord

33
Q

the integrating centrs respond by

A

sending out efferent reflex impulses via the ANS (reflex arcs)

34
Q

baroreceptor ex of reflex to dec blood pressure

A

drop in bp, reduced stretch of baro receptors in aortic arch, reduced frequency of afferent impulses to medulla (brainstem)—-> inhibition of PNS and activation of SNS, increased peripheral resistance cardiac output, increased blood pressure

35
Q

pupil dialation and glaucoma

A

percipitates attack

36
Q

innervation by ANS

A

dual innervation, or only sympathetic innervation

37
Q

dual innervation

A

most organs are supplied by both PANS and SANS however dominance of one over the other does exist (ex heart is contolled mostly by vagus nerve)

38
Q

organs receiving only sympathetic innervation

A

adrenal medulla, kidney, pilomotor muscles, sweat glands, contol of BP mainly by sympathetic activity

39
Q

arterioles predominantly

A

sym - adrenergic

40
Q

veiens predominantly

A

sym - adrenergic

41
Q

heart

A

pns - cholinergic

42
Q

iris

A

pns - cholinergic

43
Q

ciliary muscle

A

pns - cholinergic

44
Q

GI

A

pns - cholinergic

45
Q

Bladder

A

pns - cholinergic

46
Q

salivary glands

A

pns - cholinergic

47
Q

sweat glands

A

symp -cholinergic

48
Q

genital tract

A

pns and sns

49
Q

chemical signaling btw cells

A

neurotransmitters, hormones, local mediators (histamine, prostaglandins)

50
Q

BP control mechanisms

A

autonomic and hormonal feedback loops

51
Q

SLIDE 37-39

A

read for understanding

52
Q

ANS steps in neuro-hormonal transmission

A

transmitter, synthesis, transmitter release, transmitter action on the postjunctional membrane, termination of action

53
Q

major NT at autonomic and somatic sites

A

Ach

54
Q

Synthesis of Ach

A

transport of choline is inhibited by hemicholinium

55
Q

uptake into storage vesicles of Ach

A

protected from degredation

56
Q

release of neurotransmitter

A

blocked by botulinum toxin, spider venom cause release of Ach

57
Q

binding to receptor

A

receptor activated–inhib by vesamicol

58
Q

degredation of ach

A

rapidly hydrolyzed by acetyl-cholinesterase in the synaptic cleft

59
Q

recycling of choline

A

choline is taken up by the neuron

60
Q

Neostigmine

A

anticholinesterase

61
Q

hemicholinium

A

inhibit choline carrier blocking uptake

62
Q

vesamicol

A

inhib of vesicular storage ach

63
Q

botulinum toxin

A

inhib release of ach

64
Q

suxamethonium at neuromuscular jn

A

depolarizing blocking agent - stimulates nicotinic receptor for prolonged period of time so receptor becomes desensitized

65
Q

tubocurarine at neuromuscular jn

A

non-depolarizing blocking agents

66
Q

synthesis of Ach takes place in the

A

cholinergic nerve endings choline acetyl transferase (ChAT)

67
Q

release of ach occurs by

A

exocytosis with the influx of ca inos

68
Q

Ach acts on two classes of receptors

A

muscuranic, nicotinic

69
Q

muscuranic receptor

A

GPCR (M1-M5)

70
Q

Nicotinic

A

ion channel receptor

71
Q

Muscurantic receptors are stimulated by__..and blocked by___

A

muscarine __.atropine

72
Q

M1 location

A

CNS

73
Q

M2 location

A

heart (myocardium), smooth muscles

74
Q

M3 location

A

smooth muscels, bladder, exocrine glands, GIT (gastric parietal cells)

75
Q

neuronal nicotinic receptor

A

at ganglia and adrenal medulla

76
Q

muscle nicotinic receptor

A

at neuromuscular junction

77
Q

nicotinic neuromuscular jn (N-m) antagonist

A

tubocurarine, atracurium

78
Q

nicotinic nerve jn (Nn) antagonist

A

hexamethonium, mecamylamine

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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