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Pharmacology > Pharm 7.1 > Flashcards

Pharm 7.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous systmem

A

activities are not under direct conscious control

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2
Q

Autonomic nervous systmem controls

A

primarily the visceral functions sucha s cardiac output, blood flow to various organs, heartrate, BP, digestion_necc for life

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3
Q

nervous system and endocrine system

A

many commonalities - high level of integration in the brain, extensive negative feedback, chemicals fro transmission of information

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4
Q

two types of fibers

A

pregangliionic (myleinated) and post gaglionci (non myelinated)

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5
Q

divided into

A

pANS and SANS

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6
Q

major neurotransmitters

A

Ach (PANS) and NE(SANS) _..but both ganglia use Ach

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7
Q

ORIGIN

A

Thoraco-lumbar

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8
Q

DISTRIB

A

Wide

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9
Q

GANGLIA

A

Away from organ

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10
Q

LENGTH OF FIBERS

A

Short preganglionic; Long postganglionic

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11
Q

NT

A

NE

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12
Q

FUNCTION

A

Stress

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13
Q

ORIGIN

A

Cranio-sacral

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14
Q

DISTRIB

A

Limited

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15
Q

GANGLIA

A

Close to organ

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16
Q

LENGTH OF FIBERS

A

Long preganglionic; Short postganglionic

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17
Q

NT

A

ACh

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18
Q

FUNCTION

A

Conserve energy

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19
Q

all preganglionci fibers and somatic (nonautonomic) motor fibers are

A

cholinergic

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20
Q

all postganglionic parasympathetic and a few sympathetic post ganglionic fibers are

A

cholinergic

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21
Q

enteric nervous system

A

a large and highly organized collection of neurons located in the walls of the gastrointestinal system functions independently of the CNS and controls the motility, exocrine and endocirne secretions, and cicrocirculation of GIT (sometimes considered a 3rd division of ANS)

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22
Q

ENS is a collections of

A

nerve fibers that innervate the GIT, pancreas, gall bladder and it constitues “brain of the gut”

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23
Q

ENS plexuses

A

myenteric plexus (the plexus of Aurbach) and the submucos plexus (the plexus of Meissner)

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24
Q

ENS is modulated by

A

SANS and PANS

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25
Bear vs Couch
Sympathtic vs Parasympathetic
26
SANS responds to
stressful situations - fight or flight
27
Effects of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
increase BP and HR, mobilize energy stores of the body, increase blood flow to keletal muscles and the heart while diverting blood from the skin and internal organs, dialation of the pupils and bronchiles, affects GI motility and fn of bladder and sexual organs
28
SANS tens to fn as
a unit with diffuse distribution of post ganglionic fibers involved in a wide array of phsiological activities - complete system
29
PANS maintains
essential body functions (homeostasis) - rest and digest
30
PANS is not a
functional entity and never discharges as a complete system, but discrete PNS fibers are activated separately
31
Role of the CNS in autonomic control functions
ANS is a motor (efferent) system however requires sensory input from peripheral sturctures
32
sensory afferents originating in the viscera and other organs travel to
integrating centers in the CNS - hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord
33
the integrating centrs respond by
sending out efferent reflex impulses via the ANS (reflex arcs)
34
baroreceptor ex of reflex to dec blood pressure
drop in bp, reduced stretch of baro receptors in aortic arch, reduced frequency of afferent impulses to medulla (brainstem)----> inhibition of PNS and activation of SNS, increased peripheral resistance cardiac output, increased blood pressure
35
pupil dialation and glaucoma
percipitates attack
36
innervation by ANS
dual innervation, or only sympathetic innervation
37
dual innervation
most organs are supplied by both PANS and SANS however dominance of one over the other does exist (ex heart is contolled mostly by vagus nerve)
38
organs receiving only sympathetic innervation
adrenal medulla, kidney, pilomotor muscles, sweat glands, contol of BP mainly by sympathetic activity
39
arterioles predominantly
sym - adrenergic
40
veiens predominantly
sym - adrenergic
41
heart
pns - cholinergic
42
iris
pns - cholinergic
43
ciliary muscle
pns - cholinergic
44
GI
pns - cholinergic
45
Bladder
pns - cholinergic
46
salivary glands
pns - cholinergic
47
sweat glands
symp -cholinergic
48
genital tract
pns and sns
49
chemical signaling btw cells
neurotransmitters, hormones, local mediators (histamine, prostaglandins)
50
BP control mechanisms
autonomic and hormonal feedback loops
51
SLIDE 37-39
read for understanding
52
ANS steps in neuro-hormonal transmission
transmitter, synthesis, transmitter release, transmitter action on the postjunctional membrane, termination of action
53
major NT at autonomic and somatic sites
Ach
54
Synthesis of Ach
transport of choline is inhibited by hemicholinium
55
uptake into storage vesicles of Ach
protected from degredation
56
release of neurotransmitter
blocked by botulinum toxin, spider venom cause release of Ach
57
binding to receptor
receptor activated--inhib by vesamicol
58
degredation of ach
rapidly hydrolyzed by acetyl-cholinesterase in the synaptic cleft
59
recycling of choline
choline is taken up by the neuron
60
Neostigmine
anticholinesterase
61
hemicholinium
inhibit choline carrier blocking uptake
62
vesamicol
inhib of vesicular storage ach
63
botulinum toxin
inhib release of ach
64
suxamethonium at neuromuscular jn
depolarizing blocking agent - stimulates nicotinic receptor for prolonged period of time so receptor becomes desensitized
65
tubocurarine at neuromuscular jn
non-depolarizing blocking agents
66
synthesis of Ach takes place in the
cholinergic nerve endings choline acetyl transferase (ChAT)
67
release of ach occurs by
exocytosis with the influx of ca inos
68
Ach acts on two classes of receptors
muscuranic, nicotinic
69
muscuranic receptor
GPCR (M1-M5)
70
Nicotinic
ion channel receptor
71
Muscurantic receptors are stimulated by__..and blocked by___
muscarine __.atropine
72
M1 location
CNS
73
M2 location
heart (myocardium), smooth muscles
74
M3 location
smooth muscels, bladder, exocrine glands, GIT (gastric parietal cells)
75
neuronal nicotinic receptor
at ganglia and adrenal medulla
76
muscle nicotinic receptor
at neuromuscular junction
77
nicotinic neuromuscular jn (N-m) antagonist
tubocurarine, atracurium
78
nicotinic nerve jn (Nn) antagonist
hexamethonium, mecamylamine

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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