Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals for real > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Antacid side effects

A
  • toxicity of Ca and Ma more likely in pt’s with renal disease
  • Combo products seek to balance constipating with laxative effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

magnesium salts

Milk of Magnesia

A

Saline laxative

draws water into the colon from surrounding tissue which stimulates contractions

use extensively for bowel prep

can be dangerous in pts with renal insufficiency

onset of action variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aluminum salts

Amphogel

A

Antacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Magnesium & Calcium

Rolaids

A

Combo Antacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sucralfate

Cytotec

A

Mucosal protectant

directly protects duodenal ulcers by forming barrier

no systematic effects

given before meals and at bedtime on an empty stomach

used as anti-ulcer agent in pts on LT NSAIDs and aspirin treatment

side effects

  • abdominal pain
  • diarrhea
  • spontaneous abortion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypertonic Solutions

A
  • D5LR
  • 3%NS
  • D5 1/2NS
  • D5NS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ferrous Sulfate (Iron)

A
  • Necessary for production of hgb
  • Treats iron deficiency anemia
    (r/t chronic or acute blood loss, pregnancy, poor diet)

Mild anemia- increase dietary sources

Moderate anemia- PO/IM/IV supplementation

Severe anemia- transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypotonic Solutions

A
  • 0.45% NaCl (1/2NS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Magnesium & Aluminum

Maalox

A

Combo Antacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Soapsuds enema

A

addition of castile soap

soap irritates intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Isotonic Solutions

A
  • 5% dextrose in H20 (D5W)
  • 0.9%NaCl (NS)
  • Lactated Ringer’s (LR)

Treat hypernatremia, replace water, used to administer medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

Microzide

A

Thiazide diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

spironolactone

Aldactone

A

Potassium-sparing diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antiemetic Drugs

A

most effective when given in advance of event

most effective when combined to block different pathways

various routes utilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

senna/sennosides

Senokot

A

Stimulant Laxatives

bowel irritants- trigger peristatic contractions

harshest category, causes abdominal cramping

short-term use for acute constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypotonic enema

A

tap water

exerts pressure pefore escaping bowel into interstital space

17
Q

prochlorperazine

Compazine

A

Antidopaminergic Antiemetics

blocks dopamine receptors

antipsychotic and anticholinergic effects

frequently used for chemo and post-op

side effects

  • drowsiness
  • constipation
  • dry mouth/eyes
  • restlessness
  • blurred vision
  • disorientation
  • extrapyramidal effects (muscle issues)
18
Q

Isotonic enema

A

saline

stimulates peristalsis by presence

19
Q

Folic Acid (Folate)

A
  • preggers need double the dose

- Deficiency caused by dietary deficits, GI diseases, chemo, malignancy, cirrhosis

20
Q

Cleansing enema

A

any type that promotes complete bowel evcuation

21
Q

Vit b12 (Cyanocobalamin)

A
  • deficiency usually caused by poor or absent absorption (gastric resection, Crhon’s, pernicious anemia)
  • Dietary: meats, seafood eggs
  • Pernicious anemia, lacking intrisic factor/protein, need parental administration
22
Q

Sodium Salts

Alka-seltzer

A

Antacid

23
Q

Nursing Implications for Ferrous Sulfate

A
  • causes constipation
  • causes dark green or black stool
  • calcium inhibits absorption
  • Vit C enhances absorption
  • Best absorbed on empty stomach
  • Liquid needs to be dilute and drink through straw
  • use Z track for IM and monitor for phlebitis
24
Q

meclizine

Antivert

A

Antihistamine antiemetic

blacks h1 receptors in inner ear (motion sickness)

Side effects

  • sedation
  • dizziness
  • dry mouth
25
Q

glycerin suppositories

MiraLax, GoLytley

A

Hypersomotic laxative

draw water into colon from surrounding tissues which stimulates contractions

used for colon prep prior to diagnostic procedures

onset variable

26
Q 
docusate sodium
(Colace)
A

emollient laxatives (stool softeners, surfactant laxatives )

enable mositure and fat to penetrate the stool, make it easier to pass

increased mass of stool stimulates peristalsis

widely used preventaively

27
Q

psyllium

Metamucil

A

Bulk forming laxatives

high in fiber which attracts fluid into colon

treat chronic constipation

gentle action, slow onset

danger of obstruction if fluid intake inadequate

28
Q

Calcium Salts

TUMS

A

Antacid

29
Q

Antacids

A
  • Neutralize stomach acid, provide only symptom relief
  • long term use can cause electrolyte imbalances
  • Most effective take 1-2 hours after eating and at bedtime
  • Liquids coat esophagus and stomach
  • Chewables need to be fully chewed and chased with water
  • May interfere with absorption of other drugs, do not take other meds within 1-2 hrs
  • cause premature release of enteric coated drugs
30
Q

metoclopramide

Reglan

A

Prokinetic Antiemtics

Stimulates forward peristalsis in GI tract (also blocks dopamine receptors)

side effects

  • drowsiness
  • extrapyramidal rxns
  • restlessness
31
Q

Famotidine

Pepcid

A

H2 receptor antagonist
(all “-tidine” drugs)

supresses secretion of gastric acid

once daily doses most effective if taken at bedtime

Multi-day dose taken after meals and at bedtime

Avoid antacids- interfere with absorption

Smoking decreases effectiveness

32
Q

ondansetron

Zofran

A

Serotonin antagonist antiemetic

selectively blocks specific serotonin receptors in GI tract, chemoreceptor trigger zone and medullary vomiting center

side effects (minimal)

  • headache
  • dizziness
  • diarrhea/constipation
33
Q

furosemide

Lasik

A

Loop diuretic

34
Q

Hypertonic enema

A

fleet, small volume

draws fluid into colon

35
Q

omeprazole

Prilosec

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor
(all “-prazole” drugs)

Totally blocks acid secretions

Stronger and longer lasting that h2 receptor antagonists

Drug of choice for gastric and duodenal ulcer treatment

long-term therapy associated with osteoporosis

most effective taken before first meal of day

can use antacid concurrently (Ca advised for LT therapy)

Avoid alcohol, antacids, irritating foods

36
Q

Magnesium Salts

Milk of Magnesia

A

Antacid and Laxative

37
Q

oil retention enema

A

lubricates rectum, colon and stool

penetrates stool to increase bulk and soften

Fundamentals for real (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions