Pharm Flashcards
what’s Insomnia?
difficulty falling asleep
ADHD
M=F
F>M
M>F
M>F
CDC
Smooth muscle relaxation is caused by which of the following drugs?
- prazosin
- atropine
- theophylline
- amphetamine
prazosin
(alpha-1 blocker, on vascular smooth muscle)
wiki
what’s epinephrine reversal?
Phenoxybenzamine
Mosby
MOA of Neostigmine?
it’s Cholinergic Agonists
MOA of Glycopyrrolate
it’s anticholinergic
MOA of Atropine?
it’s anticholinergic
Miosis vs Mydriasis
Miosis: pupil constriction
Mydriasis: pupil dilation
MOA of pilocarpine
cholinergic agonist
increase salivation
MOA of Cimeviline
cholinergic agonist
increase salivation
MOA of Propantheline bromide
anticholinergic
theraputic index
LD/ED
Lethal dose/effective dose
(FA)
MOA of Succinylcholine
Adverse effect of Succinylcholine
MOA: Blocks ACh on skeletal m. => relaxes skeletal m.
(for intubation)
adverse effect: apnea (sessation of breathing)
patient who has Parkinson’s disease is being treated with levodopa. Which of the
following characterizes this drug’s central mechanism of action?
a. it replenishes a deficiency of dopamine
b. it increases concentrations of norepinephrine
c. it stimulates specific L-dopa receptors
d. it acts through a direct serotonergic action
a. it replenishes a deficiency of dopamine
asda
what’s the bioavailability of a drug?
A measure of how much drug is in the BLOOD
FA
There are two drugs that with the same dosages bind to the same receptor and have same
intrinsic affect however different affinities for the receptor: How are these two drugs the same
Efficacy:
The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect regardless of dosage(DD)
-INTRINSIC AFFECT (how the pt feels)= Efficacy
what’s efficacy?
what’s potency?
Efficacy: The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect regardless of dosage. A drug with high efficacy needs to stimulate only a small percentage of receptors, whereas a drug with lesser efficacy (but still considered to be a full agonist) has to activate a larger proportion of receptors.
If Drug #1 has a greater efficacy than Drug #2, then Drug #1 is capable of producing a greater maximum effect than Drug #2.
CEILING EFFECT.
dont care abt dose
Potency: the relative concentrations of two or more drugs that produce the same drug effect. Drug #I in a dose of I 0 mg produces the same magnitude of response as Drug #2 in a dose of 50 mg. The following is true: Drug # l is five times as potent as Drug #2.
DD
What’s the action of the Benzodiazepines?
Facilitates GABA receptor binding by Increasing the FREQUENCY of chloride channel opening (not duration) thus decreasing neuronal firing
FA
What’s the action of the Barbituates?
Increases DURATION of chloride channel opening, thus decreasing neuronal firing
FA
best benzo for pt with liver cirrhosis?
LOT Lorazepam Oxazepam Temazepam (wiki)
contraindication for benzo?
pregnancy
which barbiturate MOST readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier?
Thiopental
FA
A patient’s early recovery from an ultrashort-acting barbiturate is related primarily to
redistribution. breakdown in the liver. excretion in the urine. breakdown in the blood. binding to plasma proteins.
redistribution
MOA of Prozac
SSRI
MOA of Tricyclic antidepressants?
Serotonin - norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
What do you use St. John’s Wart
Depression
MOA of Phenothiazine
anypsychotic
block dopamine receptors
(FA) IMPORTANT
…zine = antipsychotic (blocks D2 receptor)
what meds cause extrapyramidal effects?
antipsychotics (…zine)
FA
lithium is for what disorder?
bipolar
Strongest glucocorticoid Long acting Corticosteroid
Dexamethasone - for Asthma
FA
patient with long term therary corticosteroid will show?
2 things: HYPERglycemia and Osteoporosis
wiki
Critical dose of steroids for adrenal insuficience
20 mg 2 weeks in last 2 years
what can you see intra-orally with addison’s disease?
pigmentation of the mucosa
At what % does Nitrous safe switch happens?
70% N (30% O)
sodium bicarbonate
LA can be mixed with sodium bicarbonate to alkalinize the solution in order to decrease pain upon infiltration and increase effectiveness.
First pass effect best describes…
metabolism in liver
oral drugs go through 1st pass metabolism
Which of the following best explains why drugs that are highly ionized tend to be more
rapidly excreted than those that are less ionized? The highly ionized are
A. less lipid soluble.
B. less water soluble.
C. more rapidly metabolized.
D. more extensively bound to tissue.
less lipid soluble
asda
(in order for the drug to be effective it should be lipid soluble)
in syncope, does the BP go up or down?
downnnnnnnnnnn
(wiki)-importantt
syncope = fainting
max dose of lido in kids
4.4 mg/kg of the analgesic
muscular dystrophy
open bite
max dose of mepivicaine
400mg
what’s the only amide that’s metabolized in the bloodstream?
Articaine
what sensations disapear in what order?
- pain
- temp
- touch
- pressure
Premed dosage of Amoxi?
Adult: 2g
kids: 50mg/kg
DD
Premed dosage for Clinda?
600mg (adult)
DD162
what antibiotic is anticollagenlyctic?
doxycycline (family of tetracycline)
Antibiotic metabolism is affected by chronic consumption of which drug?
Benzos (diazepam)
(no ref, mem)
pt taking antibiotic which is metabolized in the liver. Metabolism of antibiotic decreased by which drug.
a. TCA
b. SSRI
c. phenothiazine
d. diazepam(ans)
MOA of penicillin
Blocks “Transpeptidase” x-linking of bacterial cell wall
FA
which antibiotics would be used to treat Pseudomonas infection?
Ticarcillin -also: Piperacillin, Carbenicillin Ciprofloxacin (know tica and cipro) FA
what antibiotic do you NOT mix with amoxicillin/penicillin?
METHOTREXATE (used to tx cancer)
DD
MOA of tetracycline?
Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit
FA
What drug has the highest concentration in crevicular fluid?
tetracycline
what med has x-allergenicity with penicillin?
cephalosporin
FA
what antibiotic is not recommended to take with tetracycline?
penicillin
(tetracycline will decrease efficacy of penicillin)
tetracycline (30S)
penicillin needs the bact to replicate
what does clavulanic acid do when mixed with amoxicillin?
clavulanic acid is beta-lactamase inhibitor
DD
MOA of Metronidazole
Damages bacterial DNA
mosby
Main side effect of Erythromycin
upset GI
FA
which antibiotic cannot be prescribed to pt with myasthenia gravis?
erythromycin
med you prescribe for MRSA
vancomycin
what to give in case of overdose of methotrexate?
Leucovorin
METHOTREXATE is used to tx cancer
MOA of METHOTREXATE
it’s a anticancer drug
inhibits folate reductase
is amantadine:
- antibacterial
- antiviral
- anti-fungal
anti-viral (for influenza and Parkinsons)
FA
MOA of acyclovir
inhibits viral DNA polymerase
IMPORTANT: acyclovir is activated by virus
(fa)
minimum platelet count for extraction?
DD: Oral S: pg102:
The minimal recommended
platelet count before surgery is 75,000/mm3
drug used for HIV
Zidovudine and Retrovir
know both, FA
GRISEOFULVIN is used for
athlete’s foot
wiki
MOA of Clotrimazole
inhibits synthesis of Ergosterol (critical component of cell membrane)
(clotrimazole = troches = antifungal)
FA
Azoles : inhibit lanosterol conversion to ergosterol.
Polyenes : bind to ergosterol on cell membrane and create a pore
