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N2 > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

what’s Insomnia?

A

difficulty falling asleep

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2
Q

ADHD

M=F
F>M
M>F

A

M>F

CDC

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3
Q

Smooth muscle relaxation is caused by which of the following drugs?

  • prazosin
  • atropine
  • theophylline
  • amphetamine
A

prazosin
(alpha-1 blocker, on vascular smooth muscle)
wiki

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4
Q

what’s epinephrine reversal?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

Mosby

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5
Q

MOA of Neostigmine?

A

it’s Cholinergic Agonists

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6
Q

MOA of Glycopyrrolate

A

it’s anticholinergic

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7
Q

MOA of Atropine?

A

it’s anticholinergic

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8
Q

Miosis vs Mydriasis

A

Miosis: pupil constriction
Mydriasis: pupil dilation

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9
Q

MOA of pilocarpine

A

cholinergic agonist

increase salivation

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10
Q

MOA of Cimeviline

A

cholinergic agonist

increase salivation

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11
Q

MOA of Propantheline bromide

A

anticholinergic

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12
Q

theraputic index

A

LD/ED
Lethal dose/effective dose
(FA)

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13
Q

MOA of Succinylcholine

Adverse effect of Succinylcholine

A

MOA: Blocks ACh on skeletal m. => relaxes skeletal m.
(for intubation)
adverse effect: apnea (sessation of breathing)

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14
Q

patient who has Parkinson’s disease is being treated with levodopa. Which of the
following characterizes this drug’s central mechanism of action?
a. it replenishes a deficiency of dopamine
b. it increases concentrations of norepinephrine
c. it stimulates specific L-dopa receptors
d. it acts through a direct serotonergic action

A

a. it replenishes a deficiency of dopamine

asda

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15
Q

what’s the bioavailability of a drug?

A

A measure of how much drug is in the BLOOD

FA

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16
Q

There are two drugs that with the same dosages bind to the same receptor and have same
intrinsic affect however different affinities for the receptor: How are these two drugs the same

A

Efficacy:
The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect regardless of dosage(DD)
-INTRINSIC AFFECT (how the pt feels)= Efficacy

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17
Q

what’s efficacy?

what’s potency?

A

Efficacy: The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect regardless of dosage. A drug with high efficacy needs to stimulate only a small percentage of receptors, whereas a drug with lesser efficacy (but still considered to be a full agonist) has to activate a larger proportion of receptors.
If Drug #1 has a greater efficacy than Drug #2, then Drug #1 is capable of producing a greater maximum effect than Drug #2.
CEILING EFFECT.
dont care abt dose

Potency: the relative concentrations of two or more drugs that produce the same drug effect. Drug #I in a dose of I 0 mg produces the same magnitude of response as Drug #2 in a dose of 50 mg. The following is true: Drug # l is five times as potent as Drug #2.

DD

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18
Q

What’s the action of the Benzodiazepines?

A

Facilitates GABA receptor binding by Increasing the FREQUENCY of chloride channel opening (not duration) thus decreasing neuronal firing
FA

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19
Q

What’s the action of the Barbituates?

A

Increases DURATION of chloride channel opening, thus decreasing neuronal firing
FA

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20
Q

best benzo for pt with liver cirrhosis?

A 
LOT
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam
(wiki)
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21
Q

contraindication for benzo?

A

pregnancy

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22
Q

which barbiturate MOST readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier?

A

Thiopental

FA

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23
Q

A patient’s early recovery from an ultrashort-acting barbiturate is related primarily to

redistribution.
breakdown in the liver.
excretion in the urine.
breakdown in the blood.
binding to plasma proteins.
A

redistribution

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24
Q

MOA of Prozac

A

SSRI

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25
Q

MOA of Tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Serotonin - norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

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26
Q

What do you use St. John’s Wart

A

Depression

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27
Q

MOA of Phenothiazine

A

anypsychotic
block dopamine receptors
(FA) IMPORTANT
…zine = antipsychotic (blocks D2 receptor)

28
Q

what meds cause extrapyramidal effects?

A

antipsychotics (…zine)

FA

29
Q

lithium is for what disorder?

A

bipolar

30
Q

Strongest glucocorticoid Long acting Corticosteroid

A

Dexamethasone - for Asthma

FA

31
Q

patient with long term therary corticosteroid will show?

A

2 things: HYPERglycemia and Osteoporosis

wiki

32
Q

Critical dose of steroids for adrenal insuficience

A

20 mg 2 weeks in last 2 years

33
Q

what can you see intra-orally with addison’s disease?

A

pigmentation of the mucosa

34
Q

At what % does Nitrous safe switch happens?

A

70% N (30% O)

35
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A 
LA can be mixed with sodium
bicarbonate to alkalinize the
solution in order to decrease
pain upon infiltration and
increase effectiveness.
36
Q

First pass effect best describes…

A

metabolism in liver

oral drugs go through 1st pass metabolism

37
Q

Which of the following best explains why drugs that are highly ionized tend to be more
rapidly excreted than those that are less ionized? The highly ionized are

A. less lipid soluble.
B. less water soluble.
C. more rapidly metabolized.
D. more extensively bound to tissue.

A

less lipid soluble
asda
(in order for the drug to be effective it should be lipid soluble)

38
Q

in syncope, does the BP go up or down?

A

downnnnnnnnnnn
(wiki)-importantt
syncope = fainting

39
Q

max dose of lido in kids

A

4.4 mg/kg of the analgesic

40
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

open bite

41
Q

max dose of mepivicaine

A

400mg

42
Q

what’s the only amide that’s metabolized in the bloodstream?

A

Articaine

43
Q

what sensations disapear in what order?

A
  1. pain
  2. temp
  3. touch
  4. pressure
44
Q

Premed dosage of Amoxi?

A

Adult: 2g
kids: 50mg/kg
DD

45
Q

Premed dosage for Clinda?

A

600mg (adult)

DD162

46
Q

what antibiotic is anticollagenlyctic?

A

doxycycline (family of tetracycline)

47
Q

Antibiotic metabolism is affected by chronic consumption of which drug?

A

Benzos (diazepam)
(no ref, mem)

pt taking antibiotic which is metabolized in the liver. Metabolism of antibiotic decreased by which drug.

a. TCA
b. SSRI
c. phenothiazine
d. diazepam(ans)

48
Q

MOA of penicillin

A

Blocks “Transpeptidase” x-linking of bacterial cell wall

FA

49
Q

which antibiotics would be used to treat Pseudomonas infection?

A 
Ticarcillin
-also: Piperacillin, Carbenicillin
Ciprofloxacin
(know tica and cipro)
FA
50
Q

what antibiotic do you NOT mix with amoxicillin/penicillin?

A

METHOTREXATE (used to tx cancer)

DD

51
Q

MOA of tetracycline?

A

Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit

FA

52
Q

What drug has the highest concentration in crevicular fluid?

A

tetracycline

53
Q

what med has x-allergenicity with penicillin?

A

cephalosporin

FA

54
Q

what antibiotic is not recommended to take with tetracycline?

A

penicillin
(tetracycline will decrease efficacy of penicillin)
tetracycline (30S)
penicillin needs the bact to replicate

55
Q

what does clavulanic acid do when mixed with amoxicillin?

A

clavulanic acid is beta-lactamase inhibitor

DD

56
Q

MOA of Metronidazole

A

Damages bacterial DNA

mosby

57
Q

Main side effect of Erythromycin

A

upset GI

FA

58
Q

which antibiotic cannot be prescribed to pt with myasthenia gravis?

A

erythromycin

59
Q

med you prescribe for MRSA

A

vancomycin

60
Q

what to give in case of overdose of methotrexate?

A

Leucovorin

METHOTREXATE is used to tx cancer

61
Q

MOA of METHOTREXATE

A

it’s a anticancer drug

inhibits folate reductase

62
Q

is amantadine:

  • antibacterial
  • antiviral
  • anti-fungal
A

anti-viral (for influenza and Parkinsons)

FA

63
Q

MOA of acyclovir

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase
IMPORTANT: acyclovir is activated by virus
(fa)

64
Q

minimum platelet count for extraction?

A

DD: Oral S: pg102:
The minimal recommended
platelet count before surgery is 75,000/mm3

65
Q

drug used for HIV

A

Zidovudine and Retrovir

know both, FA

66
Q

GRISEOFULVIN is used for

A

athlete’s foot

wiki

67
Q

MOA of Clotrimazole

A

inhibits synthesis of Ergosterol (critical component of cell membrane)
(clotrimazole = troches = antifungal)
FA

Azoles : inhibit lanosterol conversion to ergosterol.
Polyenes : bind to ergosterol on cell membrane and create a pore

N2 (14 decks)

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