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GI EXAM 3 > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone are what type of drugs? What is their theraputic use and MOA?

A

Corticosteroids

MOA bind glucocorticoid receptors

Enhance the efficacy of serotonin 5-HT receptor antagonists

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2
Q

Name a serotonin 5-HT receptor antagonist?

A

ondansetron

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3
Q

Aprepitant is what type of drug? MOA and theraputic use?

A

Neurokinin receptor antagonist which is also its MOA.

Used prophylacticly in combo with 5-HT antagonists and corticosteroids. Acute and delayed nausea

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4
Q

Aprepitant has what metabolic effects?

A

CYP inducer which will decrease the activity of certain drugs specifically warfarin; decrease INR.

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5
Q

Phenothiazines end in what prefix? What types of drugs are these? MOA

A

-azine

Antipsychotics and antiemetics

MOA dopamine antagonists-antiemetic inhibition of dopamine and muscarinic receptors

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6
Q

Metoclopramide is an antiemetic that acts on what receptor in the brain? What type of drug is it?

A

dopamine antagonist

substituted banzamides

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7
Q

Which antimuscarinic agent is used to treat motion sickness and can be used via a transdermal patch?

A

scopolamine

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8
Q

Prochlorperazine and promethazine are what type of drugs?

A

phenothiazines

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9
Q

You have a patient suffering from C. diff infection. The metronidazole you prescribed isn’t working. what should you use next?

A IV vancomycin
B IV vancomycin and fidaxomicin
C oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin
D oral vancomycin

A

C) oral or rectal administration of vancomycin is important b/c IV is NOT effective at achieving adequate intra-colonic levels. Both drugs can be used for more severe disease.

Fidaxomicin is for oral use and is expensive

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10
Q

You just found out your patients antibiotic regimen lead to them acquiring C. diff, what do you do next?

A 
Discontinue antibiotic
hydrate
enteric isolationm
NO anti peristaltic medicine
anticipate relapse 10-20%
treat metronidazole mild
vancomicin and fidaxomicin for more severe cases
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11
Q

Which anti-diarrheal, anti-cholinergic drugs are used primarily for their antispasmodic effects?

A

dicyclomine and hyoscyamine

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12
Q

When is the use of opioids for diarrhea indicated? Which are used primarily; why?

A

refractory cases

Loperamide, diphenoxylate/atropine

little to no CNS effects

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13
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate can cause which of the following?

A light colored stools
B metabolic acidosis
C metabolic alkalosis
D increased secretions

A

B metabolic acidosis (anion gap)

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14
Q

How does bismuth subsalicylate work? Side effects

A

It reacts with HCL forming bismuth oxychloride and salicylic acid: anti secretory, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial.

Cause dark stools and black tounge

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15
Q

What are the side effects of anticholinergic drugs?

A

mad as a hatter, red as a beet, hot as a hare, blind as a bat, and dry as a bone.

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16
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonist are also called what?

A

anticholinergics b/c blocking muscarinic receptors blocked ACh which activates them.

17
Q

What’s the prefix for the mesalamine pro drugs? When is their use indicated?

A

-salazine -salazide

Oral drug is used for treatment of crohns disease; must be delayed release to achieve theraputic intraluminal levels.

Topical treatment for Ulcerative collitis : rectal suppository or enema.

18
Q

What is 5-ASA?

A

5-Aminosalicylic acid =mesalamine

19
Q

How do bulk forming laxatives work? Name one

A

Psyllium. Works like fiber; hydrophillic colloids absorb water increasing stool bulk and peristalsis.

20
Q

How do stool surfactant agents work?

A

Surfactants decrease surface tension and act as detergents or emulsifyers. These act to absorb lipids and water into stool

Docusate Na+/Ca2+

21
Q

Magnesium hydroxide and lactulose are used for what?

A

osmotic laxatives used to increase liquid in stool; treat constipation and peptic disorders.

precaution in patients with renal insufficiency

22
Q

You decide your patient needs a colonoscopy what drug do you prescribe them? What if they’re elderly and frail? Adverse effects?

A

purgatives: Mg citrate, or Na/Phosphate (used to cleanse bowels and for constipation.
Adverse effects- increase phosphate and sodium, decrease potassium

PEG-polyethylene glycol- safe for all.

23
Q

you’re doing an endoscopy on a patient with chronic constipation and notice their colon is pigmented brown. what type of medication could be the cause of this? What is their MOA?

A

stimulant laxative such as senna, or bisacodyl

MOA stimulate ENS fluid secretion; use for acute and chronic constipation

24
Q

Name a Chloride channel activator used to treat constipation and IBS?

A

lubiprostone -lube that prostate stone

Increase motility by lubing the gut with CL-

25
Q

What are the uses of Mg hydroxide and AL hydroxide; what happens if you use them simultaneously?

A

Antacids

Mg hydroxide is a laxative
Al hydroxide causes constipation

together they lower stomach acid without either undesirable effect

26
Q

Simethicone is used for what?

A

anti-gas
MOA defoaming action breaks up gas in intestine
Used for belching bloating or discomfort of the gut

27
Q

Your daughter was playing at the park and digging in the sand when she pulls out a cat turd. You notice this is the same sand your some just ate. If he gets an infection from this what’s the drug of choice for treatment? Name the offending parasite.

A

Albendazole

Toxocara canis-toxocariasis infection

28
Q

You notice your daughter picking her bum again right before she hands your infant son a toy. Assuming she has infected him with pinworms what’s the alternative drug therapy he should receive if he’s allergic to the drug of choice for this parasite? What does the sanford guide recommend now that two of your family members are infected?

A

pyrantel pamoate

everyone gets treatment
In this cause the rest of the family members will get albendazole and then repeat treatment in 2 weeks for both drugs.

29
Q

Taenia solium requires what drug therapy? What complications are you most concerned about with this infection? What type of helmith is it?

A

Praziquantel

Concerned about larval cysts infecting the brain and causing adult onset seizures. (only with pork tapeworm solium)

Neurocistercercosis treat with: Albendazole + praziquantel + dexamethasone (swelling)

cestode

30
Q

Toxocara is what type of worm?

A

round worm/nematode

31
Q

Which drug is the drug of choice in the treatment of pinworm, toxocara, and neurocystercercosis?

A

Albendazole

GI EXAM 3 (4 decks)

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