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Pharmacology II > Pharm 3 Final exam > Flashcards

Pharm 3 Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Corticosteroid, tx primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addisons). Also 2ary 3ary, Identical to cortisone

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2
Q

Indomethacin

A

(NSAID)Acetic Acid derivatives, Lower therapeutic index :(

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3
Q

Ketorolac (Acular, Acuvail, Toradol)

A

(NSAID)Heteroaryl Acetic Acids.- approved for long-term use. Ophthalmically available

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4
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Blocks DA receptor to prevent chemo nausea. AE: sedation, diarrhea, extrapyramidal symptoms

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5
Q

Etodolac

A

(NSAID)Acetic Acid derivatives, Lower therapeutic index :(

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6
Q

Droperidol

A

Blocks DA receptors. Tx chemo nausea

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7
Q

Norethindrone

A

Progestogens. Daily Progestin-only pill for contraceptive. MORE STABLE to first pass metabolism. can cause acne, HA, depression, weightgain. Tx hormonal deficiency, contraception (in combination),

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8
Q

Formoterol

A

Beta 2 agonist, longer acting (12+ hours), slow onset. No anti-inflammatory effect

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9
Q

Flutamide

A

Antiandrogens Tx prostatic carcinoma

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10
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea. Stimulates beta cells to make insulin by closing K channels to cause depolarization. First-line therapy, esp for non-overweight pts. CI: alcoholism can induce hypoglycemia. AE: weight gain

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11
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Mineralcorticoid, tx primary adrenocortical insufficiency

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12
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylurea. Stimulates beta cells to make insulin by closing K channels to cause depolarization. First-line therapy, esp for non-overweight pts. CI: alcoholism can induce hypoglycemia. AE: weight gain

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13
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Blocks DA receptors. Tx chemo nausea

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14
Q

vasopressin / ADH

A

Posterior pituitary, not oral, tx diabetes insipidus

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15
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Morphine derivative. Tx cough, low addictive profile (but still possible), equally effective like codeine

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16
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitinide, Stimulates beta cells to make insulin. 3 hour duration. Good for irregular meals. AE: weight gain

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17
Q

Budesonide

A

Inhaled corticosteroid, reduces inflammation. Tx asthma, allergies. Can be discontinued in 1-2 weeks. Few systemic effects if “spacer” is used (so all drug goes to lungs). AE: lower immunity can cause candidiasis

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18
Q

Sulindac

A

(NSAID)Acetic Acid derivatives, Lower therapeutic index :(

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19
Q

Aprepitant

A

Substance P blocker. Tx chemo nausea. Targets neurokinin receptor in brain

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20
Q

Psyllium (Metamucil)

A

Bulk laxative. Water retetion increases GI movement

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21
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis, tx hyperthyroidism, short half life

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22
Q

Sodium bicarbonate

A

Antacid. Tx peptic ulcer symptoms. AE systemic alkalosis

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23
Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A

Progestogens. INJECTIBLE. MORE STABLE to first pass metabolism. can cause acne, HA, depression, weightgain. Tx hormonal deficiency, contraception (in combination),

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24
Q

Prednisone

A

Corticosteroid

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25
Q

Diclofenac (Voltaren)

A

(NSAID)Heteroaryl Acetic Acids.- approved for long-term use. Ophthalmically available

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26
Q

Methylcellulose (Citrucel)

A

Bulk laxative. Water retetion increases GI movement

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27
Q

Meloxicam

A

(NSAID)Oxicam Derivatives - long half lives.COX 2 selective at low doses

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28
Q

Latanoprost (Xalatan)

A

PFG analog. Binds to Prostaglandin FP receptor to increase uveoscleral outflow. Increase iris pigmentation, eyelashes, and normally causes redeye

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29
Q

gold salts

A

DMARD. Suppresses phagocytosis of macrophages, delayed effect, has serious AE

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30
Q

Rabeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor, prodrug gets intestinally abosrbed to inhbit H+ efflux from parietal cells. Tx erosive esophagitis, duodenal ulcer, GERD (take before breakfast). H2 blockers (-tidine) hinder PPIs

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31
Q

Norelgestromin

A

Progestogens. can cause acne, HA, depression, weightgain. Tx hormonal deficiency, contraception (in combination),

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32
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacid and antidiarrheal. Absorbs toxins, coats intestinal mucosa.
ALSO bulk laxative (simlar laxative ability as bran, seeds, methylcellulose)

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33
Q

Drospirenone With ethinyl estradiol (YAZ)

A

Progestogens, can cause acne, HA, depression, weightgain. Tx hormonal deficiency, contraception (in combination),

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34
Q

Flunisolide

A

Inhaled corticosteroid, reduces inflammation. Tx asthma, allergies. Can be discontinued in 1-2 weeks. Few systemic effects if “spacer” is used (so all drug goes to lungs). AE: lower immunity can cause candidiasis

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35
Q

Lansoprazole (Prevacid)

A

Proton pump inhibitor, prodrug gets intestinally abosrbed to inhbit H+ efflux from parietal cells. Tx erosive esophagitis, duodenal ulcer, GERD (take before breakfast). H2 blockers (-tidine) hinder PPIs

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36
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Aminopenicillin, beta-lactam abx, prevents elongation of peptioglycans. Part of triple therapy against H. Pylori peptic ulcers.

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37
Q

Acarbose

A

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors(for DB) to prevent upper GI carb digestion to decrease postprandial release of glucose. Taken just before meals. AE: flatulence, GI problems (avoid if have IBD)

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38
Q

What drugs can increase iris pigmentation and increased eyelashes?

A

Latanoprost Travaprost Bimatoprost

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39
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative holds water

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40
Q

Ciclesonide

A

Inhaled corticosteroid, reduces inflammation. Tx asthma, allergies. Can be discontinued in 1-2 weeks. Few systemic effects if “spacer” is used (so all drug goes to lungs). AE: lower immunity can cause candidiasis

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41
Q

Ketoprofen

A

(NSAID) Propionic acid derivative, reversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase

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42
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene antagonist. Blocks effects of leuk. Tx asthma

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43
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Part of triple therapy against H. Pylori peptic ulcers.

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44
Q

Methimazole

A

Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis, tx hyperthyroidism, short half life

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45
Q

Magnesium citrate

A

Osmotic laxative holds water

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46
Q

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

A

H1 blocker. AE: Sedation and anticholinergic effects (dry eyes, mouth, constipation). Tx motion sickness

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47
Q

Indacaterol

A

Beta 2 agonist, longer acting (12+ hours), slow onset. No anti-inflammatory effect

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48
Q

Metronidazole

A

Part of triple or quadruple therapy against H. Pylori peptic ulcers.

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49
Q

Methylcellulose (Citrucel)

A

Bulk laxative increases water retention in GI tract

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50
Q

Leflunomide

A

DMARD.Decreases pyrimidine synthesis in lymphocytes. Ci pregnancy

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51
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Unknown MOA. Cough expectorant (bonus: reduces cough)

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52
Q

Which corticosteroid is preferred in pregnancy?

A

Prednisolone

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53
Q

What is the precursor of prostaglandins?

A

Arachidonic acid

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54
Q

Adalimumab

A

TNF Inhibitor. Tx rheumatoid arthritis. Can be combined with DMARD.Subcutaneous/ IV administration. Increased risk of infection/ lymphoma or other cancers.

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55
Q

Empagliflozin

A

Na-Glu Cotransporter 2 inhibitor. Helps higher urination of glucose. AE: UTIs, urinary frequency, hypotension

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56
Q

Dutasteride

A

Antiandrogens Tx BPH

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57
Q

Bimatoprost (Lumigan, Latisse)

A

Prostaglandin analog. Binds to Prostaglandin FP receptor to increase uveoscleral outflow. Increase iris pigmentation, eyelashes, and normally causes redeye

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58
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione. Improves whole-body insulin sensitivity. Combination with insulin can increase heart failure risk.

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59
Q

Fluticasone (Flovent)

A

Inhaled corticosteroid, reduces inflammation. Tx asthma, allergies. Can be discontinued in 1-2 weeks. Few systemic effects if “spacer” is used (so all drug goes to lungs). AE: lower immunity can cause candidiasis

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60
Q

What’s a common treatment for COPD?

A

-tropium (muscarnic blocker) and -erol (beta 2 agonist)

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61
Q

Why taper steroids?

A

So the low ACTH leves can gradually increase and return to normal

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62
Q

Oxaprozin

A

(NSAID) Propionic acid derivative, reversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase

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63
Q

Oral contracepts vs Hormone therapy levels?

A

Dose is less in HT than contraception

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64
Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium)

A

Proton pump inhibitor, prodrug gets intestinally abosrbed to inhbit H+ efflux from parietal cells. Tx erosive esophagitis, duodenal ulcer, GERD (take before breakfast). H2 blockers (-tidine) hinder PPIs

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65
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

SUBSTITIUTE for nsaid. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor in CNS. Weak anti-inflammatory, does not affect platelet function. Tx viral infections in children. Hepatic necrosis at high doses

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66
Q

Diphenoxylate + atropine

A

Opioid-like effect on GI to slow GI tract. Tx Diarrhea

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67
Q

liothyronine

A

T3 substitute in hypothyroidism (long half-life)

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68
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Made by anterior pituitary, causes uptake of iodine and T4 T3 synthesis. Inducing P450 system accelarates metablism of thyroid hormones

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69
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant laxative

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70
Q

human menopausal gonadotropin

A

Gonadotropin, treat infertility

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71
Q

Certolizumab

A

TNF Inhibitor. Tx rheumatoid arthritis. Can be combined with DMARD.Subcutaneous/ IV administration. Increased risk of infection/ lymphoma or other cancers.

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72
Q

Metformin

A
  • increases liver sensitivity to insulin, inc skeletal muscle glucose uptake, renal cleared, dec hepatic glucose production. Avoid with alcohol abuse. Common GI distress
  • drug of choice for newly diagnosed type 2DB
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73
Q

What drug is the “morning-after pill”?

A

High dose estrogen plus progestin

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74
Q

Omalizumab

A

Binds to IgE, tx asthma. Costly

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75
Q

Illoprost

A

Prostacyclin analog to increase cAMP, given via inhilation

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76
Q

pred forte

A

Corticosteroid

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77
Q

Exenatide

A

Glucagon-Like Polypeptide-1 Agonists. Helps suppress glucagon and enhances glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Injection only

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78
Q

Cromolyn

A

Mast cell stabilizer. Tx asthma, allergies. Prevention, not intervention for both diseases! Needs frequent dosing

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79
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

H2 blocker to reduce gastric acid secretion. Tx Peptic ulcers, Acute stress ulcers (tolerance may develop), GERD (slow onset). Crosses placenta. UNIQUE: Longer acting, similar to Famotidine, more potant

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80
Q

What can be used orally for prostate cancer?

A

Bicalutamideand Nilutamide (Flutamine not oral)

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81
Q

Prolactin

A

Lactation, decreases reproductive function

82
Q

What is ci for NSAIDS?

A

Post-op pain of coronary artery bypass graft.

83
Q

Sucralfate

A

Mucosal protective agent. DON’T give with things that reduce acid (PPIs, H2 blockers, antacids)

84
Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

Antacid. And Osmotic laxative that holds water

85
Q

What does the Middle zonafasciculata produce?

A

Glucocorticoids (invovled in metabolism and stress)

86
Q

Mometasone

A

Inhaled corticosteroid, reduces inflammation. Tx asthma, allergies. Can be discontinued in 1-2 weeks. Few systemic effects if “spacer” is used (so all drug goes to lungs). AE: lower immunity can cause candidiasis

87
Q

Naproxen (Aleve)

A

(NSAID) Propionic acid derivative, reversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase

88
Q

Travaprost (Travatan Z)

A

Prostaglandin pro-drug. Binds to Prostaglandin FP receptor to increase uveoscleral outflow. Increase iris pigmentation, eyelashes, and normally causes redeye

89
Q

What is the treatment escalation of type 2 diabetes?

A

Start with lifestyle and metformin. Then add sulfonyurea or insulin ThenThiazolidinedione or GLP-1 receptor agonist.

90
Q

Triamcinolone (Kenalog)

A

Corticosteroid

91
Q

Methylprednisolone (Medrol)

A

Corticosteroid. Tx inflammation

Tx chemo nausea

92
Q

Nilutamide

A

Antiandrogens. Oral treatment of prostate cancer

93
Q

Methotrexate

A

DMARD. Immunosuppresant

94
Q

Liraglutide

A

Glucagon-Like Polypeptide-1 Agonists. Helps suppress glucagon and enhances glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Injection only. CI family history of cancer

95
Q

Eplerenone (Inspra)

A

k-sparing diuretic, aldosterone blocker

96
Q

Prednisolone

A

Corticosteroid. Preferred in pregnancy

97
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID Irreversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase. Only lowers fevers, not normal body temps. Increase ventilation, less intestinal protective mucus, lower thromboxin production (less platelet aggregation). CAN CAUSE RAYE SYNDROME. 1st or 0 order elimination kidney extrected

98
Q

Megestrol

A

Progestogens MORE STABLE to first pass metabolism. can cause acne, HA, depression, weightgain. Tx hormonal deficiency, contraception (in combination),

99
Q

Pramlintide

A

Amylin analog. Delays gastic emtying to reduce needed insulin dose and improves satiety. Injected.

100
Q

Which progestins are more stable?

A

Medroxyprogesterone, Megestrol, Norethindrone

101
Q

Cox-1 or Cox-2 inhibition has fewer side effects?

A

Cox 2

102
Q

Finasteride

A

Antiandrogens Tx BPH

103
Q

Fenoprofen

A

(NSAID) Propionic acid derivative, reversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase

104
Q

Cortisone

A

Corticosteroid

105
Q

Palonosetron

A

5-HT3 blocker. Tx chemo nausea.

106
Q

Benzonatate

A

Local anesthetic for respiratory passage to reduce cough reflex

107
Q

Mifepristone

A

Progesterone antagonist. 1st trimester abortion

108
Q

Pirbuterol

A

Beta 2 agonist, short acting. No anti-inflammatory effect

109
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor, prodrug gets intestinally abosrbed to inhbit H+ efflux from parietal cells. Tx erosive esophagitis, duodenal ulcer, GERD (take before breakfast). H2 blockers (-tidine) hinder PPIs

110
Q

Tolmetin

A

(NSAID)Heteroaryl Acetic Acids.- approved for long-term use. Ophthalmically available

111
Q

Progesterone

A

Progestogens. can cause acne, HA, depression, weightgain. Tx hormonal deficiency, contraception (in combination),

112
Q

Granisetron

A

5-HT3 blocker. Tx chemo nausea.

113
Q

Golimumab

A

TNF Inhibitor. Tx rheumatoid arthritis. Can be combined with DMARD.Subcutaneous/ IV administration. Increased risk of infection/ lymphoma or other cancers.

114
Q

Nabumetone

A

NSAID. Low AE

115
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulator (SERM), tx breast cancer. P450 metabolized, bile excreted

116
Q

Docusate

A

Stool softener (constipation prevention)

117
Q

Piroxicam

A

(NSAID)Oxicam Derivatives - long half lives

118
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

NSAID, more COX-2 selective for better pain management. Does not affect blood, but has other NSAID AE

119
Q

How are Glucocorticoids and DMARDS implemented in disease therapy?

A

Glucocorticoids are used in rheumatoid arthritis until DMARDs kick in.

120
Q

Chloroquine

A

DMARD

121
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Tx hypothyroidism and thyroid replacement (long-half-life), T4 substitute

122
Q

Tetracycline

A

Part of quadruple therapy against H. tx Pylori peptic ulcers.

123
Q

Glycerin

A

suppositorie

124
Q

Saxagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors. Use with diet and exercise

125
Q

When should you not use an ocular steroid?

A

Do NOT use a (cortico)steroid for Herpes simplex EPITHELIAL keratitis

Also avoid for large corneal epithelial defects

126
Q

What drug is nearly 100% bioavailable

A

Nizatidine (H2 blocker) has no liver metabolism

127
Q

Codeine

A

Opiate. Gold standard for cough suppression. Decreases mucosal secretion

128
Q

Ondansetron

A

5-HT3 blocker. Tx chemo nausea.

129
Q

Theophylline

A

Increases cAMP for tx chronic asthma, drug is phased out because narrow TI. AE: Fatal arrhythmias

130
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

Gonadotropin, treat infertility

131
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Inhaled corticosteroid, reduces inflammation. Tx asthma, allergies. Can be discontinued in 1-2 weeks. Few systemic effects if “spacer” is used (so all drug goes to lungs). AE: lower immunity can cause candidiasis

132
Q

Raloxifene

A

Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulator (SERM), bile excreted

133
Q

Dolasetron

A

5-HT3 blocker. Tx chemo nausea.

134
Q

Miglitol

A

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors(for DB) to prevent upper GI carb digestion to decrease postprandial release of glucose. Taken just before meals. AE: flatulence, GI problems (avoid if have IBD)

135
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

H1 blocker. AE: Sedation and anticholinergic effects (dry eyes, mouth, constipation) Tx motion sickness

136
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin E analog. Tx NSAID ulcers. Ci pregnancy

137
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1 analog on parietal cells protects mucosal lining of stomach from NSAIDs. Can induce labor (and abortion)

138
Q

Corticotropin

A

ACTH is made by anterior pituitary. Drug is a diagnostic tool for adrenal insufficiency

139
Q

What does the Inner zonareticularis produce?

A

Androgens

140
Q

Lubiprostone

A

Laxative. Acivates Cl channel to increase fluid secretion into intestine. NO POTENTIAL FOR DEPENDANCY. Tx: chronic constipation. AE: nausea

141
Q

What can androgens treat?

A

Low testosterone males, osteoporosis and wasting from HIV/cancer severe burn healing Endometriosis

142
Q

Meclofenamate

A

(NSAID) Fenamate. Severe side effects

143
Q

Calcium carbonate (Tums)

A

Antacid. Tx peptic ulcer symptoms

144
Q

Somatostatin

A

suppress GH and TSH, tx tumors

145
Q

Somatotropin

A

Synthetic GH

146
Q

Linagliptin

A

DPP-4 inhibitor, inc insulin dec glucagon

147
Q

Loratadine (Claritin)

A

H1 blocker. AE: Sedation and anticholinergic effects (dry eyes, mouth, constipation) Tx motion sickness

148
Q

Salmeterol

A

Beta 2 agonist, longer acting (12+ hours), slow onset. No anti-inflammatory effect

149
Q

Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

A

Block DA receptors. Tx chemo nausea. AE: hypotension, restlessness, extrapyramidal symptoms

150
Q

Montelukast (Singulair)

A

Leukotriene antagonist. Tx asthma and allergic rhinitis

151
Q

Loperamide (Imodium A-D)

A

Opioid-like effect on GI to slow GI tract. Tx Diarrhea

152
Q

Etanercept

A

TNF Inhibitor. Tx rheumatoid arthritis. Can be combined with DMARD.Subcutaneous/ IV administration. Increased risk of infection/ lymphoma or other cancers.

153
Q

Levalbuterol

A

Beta 2 agonist, short acting. No anti-inflammatory effect

154
Q

Estrogens has what AE?

A

Increase cervical cancer risk but lowers endometrial and ovarian cancer risk. weight gain. eEnchances serum lipids

155
Q

Nateglinide

A

Meglitinide, Stimulates beta cells to make insulin. 3 hour duration. Good for irregular meals. AE: weight gain

156
Q

Betamethasone

A

Corticosteroid. Fetal lung maturation before birth

157
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Progestogens. can cause acne, HA, depression, weightgain. Tx hormonal deficiency, contraception (in combination),

158
Q

D-penicillamine

A

DMARD. Cysteine analog thatSlows progression of bone destruction and RA. Short-term tx only. Don’t combine with other DMARDs

159
Q

Flurbiprofen

A

(NSAID) Propionic acid derivative, reversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase

160
Q

What are the side effects of corticosteroids?

A

Decreased growth in children, glaucoma, central fat, osteoporosis, infection risk, hair growth, increased appetite, peptic ulcer, hypertension, edema, hypokalemia, POSTERIOR SUBCAPSILAR CATARACT

161
Q

Estriol

A

Metabolite of estradiol, Produced by the placenta

162
Q

Gonadorelin

A

Posterior pituitary hormone.

synthetic GnRH, tx prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty

163
Q

Tobradex

A

Corticosteroid

164
Q

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

A

Muscarinic blocker. Tx athsma (inhaled) (and helps COPD). Not as good as Beta 2 agonist for asthma.
Tx motion sickness

165
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

k-sparing diuretic, aldosterone blocker

166
Q

What does the Outer zonaglomerulosa produce?

A

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

167
Q

Anakinra

A

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Daily subcutaneous injection. Don’t combine with TNF inhibitors

168
Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 blocker to reduce gastric acid secretion. Tx Peptic ulcers, Acute stress ulcers (tolerance may develop), GERD (slow onset). Crosses placenta. UNIQUE: Nearly 100% bioavailable

169
Q

Albuterol

A

Beta 2 agonist, short acting. No anti-inflammatory effect

170
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Antifungal that Strongly inhibits all gonadaland adrenal steroid hormone synthesis, tx cushings

171
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax)

A

Benzodiazepine. Tx anticipatory nausea

172
Q

Infliximab

A

TNF Inhibitor. Tx rheumatoid arthritis. Can be combined with DMARD.Subcutaneous/ IV administration. Increased risk of infection/ lymphoma or other cancers.

173
Q

Zileuton

A

Leukotriene antagonist. Prevents leuk. Formation. Tx asthma

174
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

H2 blocker to reduce gastric acid secretion. Tx Peptic ulcers, Acute stress ulcers (tolerance may develop), GERD (slow onset). Crosses placenta. UNIQUE: Similar to ranitidine, most potant.

175
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin

A

Gonadotropin, treat infertility

176
Q

Estrone

A

Metabolite of estrodial,Primary circulating estrogen after menopause

177
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

A

Muscarinic blocker. Tx athsma (inhaled) (and helps COPD). Not as good as Beta 2 agonist for asthma. Tx motion sickness

178
Q

Which progestin can be a daily contraceptive?

A

Norethindrone

179
Q

What can treat BPH?

A

Finasteride and dutasteride

180
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

Proton pump inhibitor, prodrug gets intestinally abosrbed to inhbit H+ efflux from parietal cells. Tx erosive esophagitis, duodenal ulcer, GERD (take before breakfast). H2 blockers (-tidine) hinder PPIs. UNIQUE: can interfere with warfarin metabolism

181
Q

Bicalutamide

A

Antiandrogens. Oral treatment of prostate cancer

182
Q

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

A

H1 blocker. AE: Sedation and anticholinergic effects (dry eyes, mouth, constipation) Tx motion sickness

183
Q

Which progestin is injectible?

A

Medroxyprogesterone

184
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylurea. Stimulates beta cells to make insulin by closing K channels to cause depolarization. First-line therapy, esp for non-overweight pts. CI: alcoholism can induce hypoglycemia. AE: weight gain

185
Q

What are testosterone AE?

A

Female masculinization

Males: Impotence, decreased spermatogenesis, gynecomastia, prostate growth

Lowers HDL and raises LDL :(

186
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione. Improves whole-body insulin sensitivity. Combination with insulin can increase heart failure risk.

187
Q

What is the #1 cause patients seek medical care?

A

Troublesome cough

188
Q

Diflunisal

A

NSAID

189
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

A

(NSAID) Propionic acid derivative, reversibly inactivates cyclooxygenase

190
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

A

Mucosal protective agent. DON’T give with things that reduce acid (PPIs, H2 blockers, antacids)
Part of quadruple therapy against H. Pylori peptic ulcers. Anti-diarrheal. Decreases fluid secretion.

191
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepine. Tx anticipatory nausea

192
Q

Tx viral infections in children

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

193
Q

Bisacodyl (Correctol)

A

Stimulates colon for laxative. AE: cramping

194
Q

Mineral oil

A

suppositorie

195
Q

Castor oil

A

Irritant laxative. CI pregnancy (can cause contractions)

196
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors

197
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid. Supression test for cushing’s syndome dx, Fetal lung maturation before birth. Tx chemo nausea

198
Q

Polyethylene glycol

A

Osmotic laxative holds water

199
Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor, prodrug gets intestinally abosrbed to inhbit H+ efflux from parietal cells. Tx erosive esophagitis, duodenal ulcer, GERD (take before breakfast). H2 blockers (-tidine) hinder PPIs

200
Q

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

A

Posterior pituitary, not oral

201
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Na-Glu Cotransporter 2 inhibitor. Helps higher urination of glucose. AE: UTIs, urinary frequency, hypotension

202
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

H2 blocker to reduce gastric acid secretion. Tx Peptic ulcers, Acute stress ulcers (tolerance may develop), GERD (slow onset). Crosses placenta. UNIQUE: inhibits CP450 metabolism

Pharmacology II (7 decks)

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