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Pharmacology 2 > pharm 201 E3 > Flashcards

pharm 201 E3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neostigmine Tx/class

A

MG/Cholinesterase Inhibitor

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2
Q

Neostigmine AE

A

Excessive muscarinic (cholinergic) stimulation, neuromuscular blockade

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3
Q

Neostigmine Contra

A

Obstruction of GI and urinary tracts, PUD, asthma

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4
Q

Neostigmine Nsg

A

Give atropine for toxicity, prepare to maintain airway

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5
Q

Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin MOA/TX

A

Inhibit DNA replication, Bactericidal/UTI’s

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6
Q

Cipor/Levofloxacin AE

A

*tendon rupture, *phototoxicity, GI effects

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7
Q

Cipro/Levofloxacin Nsg

A

Urine sample must be acquired before beginning tx.

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8
Q

Cipro/Levofloxacin Contra

A

Younger than 18, risk for C-Diff

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9
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA/Tx

A

Damages bacterial DNA/Acute UTI

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10
Q

Nitrofurantoin AE

A

*Pneumonia, *anemiams, * birth defects

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11
Q

Nitrofurantoin Contra

A

renal dysfxn, and Creatinine

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12
Q

Nitrofurantoin Nsg

A

Give w/ milk or meals to decrease N/V/D, give in allergy to sulfa drugs

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13
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole MOA/Tx

A

inhibits bacterial growth by preventinc folic acid synthesis/UTIs

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14
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazol AE

A

*rash (could lead to anaphylaxis), N/V

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15
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Contra

A

caution in folic acid deficiency

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16
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Nsg

A

may need folic acid replacement, can mes up WBC count

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17
Q

Pyridium Tx

A

Urinary tract analgesic

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18
Q

Pyridium Contra

A

acute kidney injury, CKD

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19
Q

Pyridium Nsg

A

turns urine orange/red, urine may stain clothes, d/c drug if s/s of jaundice

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20
Q

Pyridium AE

A

may be harmful to liver

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21
Q

Sildenafil MOA/Tx

A

Selective inhibition of PDE5/ED

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22
Q

Sildenafil AE

A

hypoTN, priapism, HA, flushing dyspepsia

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23
Q

Sildenafil Contra

A

*Nitrates, or anything that lowers BP (D-D)

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24
Q

Sildenafil Nsg

A

PO, can be taken daily or prior to sex

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25
Q

Tadalafil MOA/Tx

A

selective inhibition of PDE5/ED

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26
Q

Tadalafil AE

A

*HA, hepatotoxicity

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27
Q

Tadalafil Contra

A

Nitro and BP meds (D-D)

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28
Q

Tadalafil NSG

A

Not affected by meals, slower acting

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29
Q

Finasteride MOA/Tx

A

decreases usable testosterone, causes reduction in prostate size/BPH, male patter bladness

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30
Q

Finasteride AE

A

decreased ejaculation volume and libido, gynecomastia

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31
Q

Finasteride Contra

A

preganancy, (women wear gloves when in contact w/ med)

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32
Q

Finasteride Nsg

A

Therapeutic effects may take 6 mo or longer, do not donate blood.

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33
Q

Tamsulosin MOA/Tx

A

relaxes smooth muscle/HTN, BPH

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34
Q

Tamsulosin AE

A

Abnormal ejaculation

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35
Q

Tamsulosin Contra

A

Women, caution in renal impairment

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36
Q

Tamsulosin Nsg

A

monitor BP, take 30 min after meal and at same time every day.

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37
Q

Alprostadil MOA/Tx

A

increases arterial flow into penis and decreases venous outflow/ED

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38
Q

Alprostadil AE

A

burning sensation, priapism, penile fibrosis

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39
Q

Alprostadil Nsg

A

pellets injected directly into penis, no more than 1/24hrs or 3x/week, lasts 30-60 min.

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40
Q

Doxazosin MOA/Tx

A

Relaxes smooth muscle/HTN, BPH

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41
Q

Doxazosin AE

A

HypoTN, fainting, dizziness, somnolence, nasal congestion

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42
Q

Doxazosin Cotnra

A

Women, caution in renal impairment

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43
Q

Doxazosin Nsg

A

Take same time everyday, monitor BP

44
Q

Donepezil MOA/Tx

A

prevents breakdown of ACTH to increase availability at synapses/Alzheimer’s

45
Q

Donepezil AE

A

*Cardiovascular effects, Gi effects, bronchoconstriction

46
Q

Donepezil Cotra

A

Obstruction of GI and renal, caution in seizure disorders

47
Q

Donepezil Nsg

A

High risk of liver failure, start dose low, once daily in evening

48
Q

Baclofen MOA/Tx

A

Suppresses hyperactive reflexes in muscle movement/MS

49
Q

Baclofen AE

A

*CNS effects, OD can cause coma and resp. depression, rhabdomyolysis

50
Q

Baclofen Nsg

A

avoid other CNS depressants, do not skip dose, does NOT cause physical dependence, taper for 1-2 wks

51
Q

Edrophonium MOA/Tx

A

Rapid-acting cholinergic, inhibits acetylcholinesterase/MG

52
Q

Edrophonium AE

A

bradyarrhythmia, hypoTN, urinary frequency

53
Q

Edrophonium Contra

A

mechanical GI/Urinary obstruction, hypersensitivity

54
Q

Edrophonium Nsg

A

Admin meds as scheduled (*before activity), report s/s cholinergic crisis,

55
Q

Ergotamine MOA/Tx

A

Abortive therapy/migraine

56
Q

Ergotamine AE

A

N/V, myalgia, OD

57
Q

Ergotamine Contra

A

Impaired hepatic and renal fxn, CAD, PVD, pregnancy

58
Q

Ergotamine Nsg

A

monitor BP, pulse, asses for OD, assess HA before and after admin

59
Q

Ergotism

A

Ergotmaine toxicity, ischemia 2nd to constriction of peripheral arteries and arterioles, can cause muscle pain and gangrene

60
Q

Mitoxantrone MOA/Tx

A

Suppresses production of immune system cells/MS

61
Q

Mitoxantrone AE

A

*hair loss (dose-related), myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity

62
Q

Mitoxantrone Cotnra

A

hypersensitivity, pregnancy, liver failure

63
Q

Mitoxantrone Nsg

A

*monitor for s/s of HF, *can cause blueish-green secretions

64
Q

Levodopa/Carbidopa MOA/Tx

A

carbidopa enhances effects of levodopa/PD

65
Q

Levodopa/Carbidopa AE

A

*N/V, dyskinesias, CV effects, psychosis

66
Q

Levodopa/Carbidopa Contra

A

Undiagnosed skin lesions (worsens melanoma)

67
Q

Levodopa/Carbidopa Nsg

A

*Combo gives Levo a longer half-life so that 10% makes it to the brain instead of 2%, take w/ food to avoid N/V (empty stomach if possible

68
Q

Sumatriptan MOA/Tx

A

Causes vasoconstriction and diminishes inflammation/Migraine

69
Q

Sumatriptan AE

A

*HTN, *Coronary vasospasm, chest symptoms (usually resolve quickly, can feel med working)

70
Q

Sumatriptan Nsg

A

works w/in 10-15 min, take at 1st sign of HA

71
Q

Dantrolene MOA/Tx

A

*acts directly on skeletal muscle/spasticity

72
Q

Dantrolene AE

A

*Hepatic toxicxity, OD can cause resp. depression and mech. vent.,

73
Q

Dantrolene Nsg

A

*DOC for malignant hypothermia, does not cause physical dependance, taper off drug

74
Q

Memantine MOA/Tx

A

Blocks Ca when glutamate is low/AD

75
Q

Memantine AE

A

dissiness, HA, confusion (sudden onset), constipation

76
Q

Selegiline MOA/Tx

A

Causes selective reuptake/PD

77
Q

Selegiline AE

A

Insomnia (do not take if pt already has), HTN crisis

78
Q

Selegiline Nsg

A

May not take effect for several weeks, may need to take med “holiday”, avoid high protein meals/snacks.

79
Q

Alosetron MOA/Tx

A

Increases firmness of stool and decreases urgency and frequency/IBS

80
Q

Alosetron AE

A

constipation, bowel obstruction, perforation, ischemic colitis

81
Q

Alostron Nsg

A

symptoms will resolve in 1-4 wks, adnd will return 1 wk after d/c of drug, dose starts QID

82
Q

Azathioprine MOA/Tx

A

Inhibits T-lymphocytes/IBD

83
Q

Azathioprine AE

A

pancreatitis, neutropenia (2nd to bone marrow secretion)

84
Q

Azathioprine Nsg

A

oral prep very toxic, reserved for last chance pts

85
Q

Metronidazole MOA/Tx

A

bactericidal/PUD (H. Pylori)

86
Q

Metronidazole AE

A

metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy

87
Q

Metronidazole Nsg

A

N/D are common, take full 14 days

88
Q

Misoprostol MOA/Tx

A

Suppress gastric acid secretion, maintain blood flow/Prevents gastric ulcers

89
Q

Misoprostol AE

A

spontaneous absorption, abd pain (reduce dose), dysmenorrhea, D,

90
Q

Misoprostol Nsg

A

Take w/ meals and at HS, used to prevent ulcers in pts on long-term NSAIDs

91
Q

Promethazine MOA/Tx

A

Blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ/PUD

92
Q

Promethazine AE

A

HypoTN, sedation, anticholinergic effects, spasms of face and neck

93
Q

Promethazine Nsg

A

w/ chemo pts: combining 3 antiemetics adn admin prior to chemo is more effective than treating N that is already occuring.

94
Q

Metoclopramide MOA/Tx

A

Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors in CTZ/Antiemetic

95
Q

Metoclopramide AE

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms (restlessness, anxiety, spasms of face and neck), sedation, D

96
Q

Metoclopramide Nsg

A

ETOH increases risk of seizure, keep hydrated, monitor for constipation

97
Q

Pantoprazole MOA/Tx

A

Reduces basal and stimulated gastric acid production/PPI

98
Q

Pantoprazole Contra

A

Lactation, increased risk for pneumonia, caution in COPD, long-term increases risk for osteoporosis

99
Q

Pantoprazole Nsg

A

Do not crush, increase water intake to 10 glasses/day

100
Q

Sucralfate MOA/Tx

A

Adheres to ulcer crater and creates a protective barier/Duodenal ulcers

101
Q

Sucralfate AE

A

*Constipation, angioedema, respiratory difficulty, seizures

102
Q

Sucralfate Contra

A

hypersensitivity, chronic renal failure

103
Q

Sucralfate Nsg

A

take QID, 1 hour before meals and at HS, can break or disolve in water

104
Q

Ondansetron MOA/Tx

A

Blocks serotonin receptors to prevent emesis/Motion sickness

105
Q

Ondansetron AE

A

HA (tx w/ NSAIDs), D, dizziness

106
Q

Ondansetron Contra

A

Do not give in prolonged QT intervals

107
Q

Ondansetron Nsg

A

w/ cancer pts: combine 3 antiemetics and admin prior to chemo is more effective than treating N that is already occuring

Pharmacology 2 (5 decks)

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