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Pharmacology 2 > pharm 201 E2 > Flashcards

pharm 201 E2 Flashcards

1
Q

Enalapril Class/Tx

A

ACE Inhibitor/Heart Failure

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2
Q

Enalapril AE

A

*Cough, *angioedema, hypoTN, increased K, fetal injury

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3
Q

Enalapril Nsg

A

*Recognize angioedema, monitor K, BP, cough, do NOT use in pregnancy

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4
Q

Carvedilol Class/Tx

A

Beta-Blocker/Heart Failure

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5
Q

Carvedilol AE

A

Bronchoconstriction, inhibits glycogenolysis (masks hypoglycemia), caution in DM

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6
Q

Carvedilol Nsg

A

Take BP & pulse before admin, monitor hypoglycemia, teach to never stop abruptly.

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7
Q

Carvedilol Fx

A

Improves LVEF, prolongs survival, increases ecercise tollerance.

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8
Q

Digoxin Class/Tx

A

Cardiac Glycoside/Heart Failure

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9
Q

Digoxin MOA

A

Positive inotropic action: increase force of ventricular contraction, increase cardiac output, decrease preload & afterload, decrease blood volume & water retention.

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10
Q

Digoxin AE

A

*Yellowish Halos (Toxicity), dysrhythmias, AV block, severe bradycardia, anorexia, N/V, fatigue, dizziness, blurred vision.

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11
Q

Digoxin Nsg

A

Monitor K, give slowly if IV.

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12
Q

Digoxin Toxicity

A

Hold Dig and K wasting diuretics, monitor K

Give Digibind if severe

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13
Q

Morphine Sulfate Class/Tx

A

Vasodilator/Heart Failure

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14
Q

Morphine Sulfate Nsg

A

Decreases preload and afterload, decreases myocardial oxygen demand on heart.

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15
Q

Quinidine Class/Tx

A

Na-Channel Blocker/Dysrhythmias

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16
Q

Quinidine AE

A

*Diarrhea, *tinnitus, vertigo, cardiotoxicity, arterial embolism, hypoTN, peripheral neuritis

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17
Q

Quinidine Contra

A

Conduction defects, complete AV block, caution in CHF, low K, and low Mg

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18
Q

Quinidine Nsg

A

*Take with food, *Assess apical pulse before admin, monitor ECG, BP, I&O, electrolytes (K), pain/numbness of extremities

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19
Q

Propranolol Class/Tx

A

Non-selective Beta-Blocker/Dysrhythmias

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20
Q

Propranolol AE

A

bronchospasm, heart failure, AV block, sinus arrest, hypoTN

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21
Q

Propranolol Contra

A

Asthma, COPD, sinus bradycardia, heart block, heart failure

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22
Q

Propranolol Nsg

A

*Do not stop abruptly, *Moderate Na (helps prevent fluid volume overload), w/hold med if HR

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23
Q

Diltiazem Class/Tx

A

Ca-Channel Blocker/Dysrhythmias

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24
Q

Diltiazem AE

A

bradycardia, AV block, heart failure, altered liver/kidney fx

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25
Q

Diltiazem Contra

A

AV block, hypoTN, sick sinus syndrome, pulmonary congestion in MI

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26
Q

Diltiazem Nsg

A

Take before meals & @ HS, stop smoking and ETOH, change position slowly

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27
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Class/Tx

A

“-statins”/decrease CHO concentration in liver

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28
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors AE

A

*hyperglycemia, myopathy, hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis

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29
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Contra

A

Active liver disease, pregnancy

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30
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Nsg

A

*Take @ HS, not recommended for people younger than 20, monitor liver fx, lipid levels, may need low-fat diet.

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31
Q

Filgrastim Class/Tx

A

Granulocyte CSF/neutropenia

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32
Q

Filgrastim AE

A

*Bone Pain, leukocytosis, Splenomegaly

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33
Q

Filgrastim Nsg

A

*Do NOT shake vial, * Do not give w/in 24 hrs of Chemo, * Increases WBC production, monitor for infection

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34
Q

Cinacalcet Class/Tx

A

Calcimimetic/primary hyperparathyroidism

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35
Q

Cinacalcet AE

A

N/V/D, hypoCa

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36
Q

Cinacalcet NSG

A

*Give w/ food, monitor serum Phos & Ca, *IF hyperCa give Furosemide and Glucocorticoids.

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37
Q

Ca Acetate Tx

A

hyperPhos, mild hypoCa, supplement for dietary Ca.

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38
Q

Ca Acetate AE

A

Contipation, hyperCa, N/V, polyuria, lethargy, depression

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39
Q

Ca Acetate Contra

A

HyperCa, renal calculi, hypoPhos

40
Q

Ca Acetate Nsg

A

*Must be taken w/ meals, separate from tetracyclines & thyroid drugs

41
Q

Gemfibrozil Class/Tx

A

Fibric Acid/Lowers triglycerides

42
Q

Gemfibrozil AE

A

*GI distress, *gallstones, myopathy & liver injury w/ Statins

43
Q

Gemfibrozil Contra

A

Gallbladder disease, renal problems, liver or bilary cirrhosis, pregnancy

44
Q

Gemfibrozil Nsg

A

*Take 30 minutes before breakfast & supper, *Assess bowel sounds

45
Q

Gemfibrozil D-D

A

*Warfarin (increased bleeding time), statins (liver)

46
Q

Niacin Class/Tx

A

Nicotinic Acid/Lowers LDL & triglycerides

47
Q

Niacin AE

A

*Intense flushing, hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia

48
Q

Niacin Contra

A

*Caution in DM. Liver disease, severe gout

49
Q

Niacin Nsg

A

*Report excess thirst, *increased appetite, *increased urine, *avoid direct exposure to sunlight, * take ASA 30 minutes before w/ COOL water to prevent flushing.

50
Q

Colesevelam Class/Tx

A

Bile Acid Sequestrant/Lowers LDL

51
Q

Colesevelam AE

A

*Constipation, bloating, indigestion

52
Q

Colesevelam Contra

A

Biliary obstruction, DM

53
Q

Colesevelam D-D

A

Can Decrease absorption of other meds, *take other meds 1 hr before or 4 hrs after

54
Q

Colesevelam Nsg

A

*Take w/ food and no other meds, long-term can increase bleeding tendancy

55
Q

Amiodarone Class/Tx

A

K-channel blocker/Tachy dysrhythmias

56
Q

Amiodarone AE

A

Pulmonary toxicity, cardiotoxicity, skin discolorization (bluish gray), hepatits, thyroid toxicity

57
Q

Amiodarone Contra

A

Cardiogenic shock, severe sinus brady, hepatic disease

58
Q

Amiodarone Nsg

A

*No grapefruit juice, Assess pulmonary fx, monitor HR, BP, labs (liver), ECG

59
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate Class/Tx

A

Organic Nitrate (long-acting)/promotes vasodilation, decreases Oxygen demand

60
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate AE

A

*HA, hypoTN, dizziness

61
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate Contra

A

hypoTN, acute MI, CHF, volume depletion

62
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate Nsg

A

IV should be mixed in a glass bottle, Monitor BP & HR every 15 min if IV drip, keep nitro tabs @ bedside

63
Q

Furosemide Class/Tx

A

Loop Diuretic/blocks reabsorption of Na & Cl, preventing water reabsorption

64
Q

Furosemide AE

A

*hypoK, hypoNa, dehydration, hypoCl, hypoTN, ototoxicity

65
Q

Furosemide D-D

A

Digoxin, aminoglycoside abx

66
Q

Furosemide Nsg

A

Monitor K, change position slowly, daily weight

67
Q

Spironolactone Class/Tx

A

K-sparing Aldosterone Agonist/Blocks aldosterone action in distal nephron

68
Q

Spironolactone AE

A

*hyperK

69
Q

Spironolactone D-D

A

drugs that raise K

70
Q

Spironolactone Nsg

A

*Monitor K, insulin may be prescribed to control high K levels, avoid salt substitutes containing K

71
Q

Epoetin Alpha Class/Tx

A

Hematopoietics/Stimulates erythrocyte production

72
Q

Epoetin Alpha Uses

A

Chronic renal failure, Anemia 2nd to Chemo, Anemia in HIV

73
Q

Epoetin AE

A

HTN, cardiovascular events

74
Q

Epoetin Nsg

A

*Do not shake vial, Assess LOC, monitor for anemia, labs, dietary intake, blood clots

75
Q

Ezetimibe Class

A

CHO lowering (inhibits CHO absorption)

76
Q

Ezetimibe AE

A

*Rhabdomyolysis, *Hepatits, thrombocytopenia (elderly), pancreatitis

77
Q

Ezetimibe Nsg

A

*CAN be used w/ “statins”

78
Q

Ezetimibe Contra

A

caution in impaired liver fx

79
Q

Nitro Class/Tx

A

Organic Nitrate (Short acting)/promotes vasodilation, decreases Oxygen demand

80
Q

Nitro AE

A

*HA, hypoTN, reflex tachycardia

81
Q

Nitro Contra

A

Cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, head injury, shock

82
Q

Nitro Nsg

A

*For HA take Acetaminophen, should feel slight sting during application, must dissolve completely under tongue

83
Q

HCTZ Class/Tx

A

Thiazide/block reabsorption of Na & Cl in early segment of distal convoluted tubule

84
Q

HCTZ AE

A

*hypoK, dehydration, hypoNa, hypoCl

85
Q

HCTZ D-D

A

Digoxin, NSAIDs

86
Q

K AE

A

GI irritation, hyperK

87
Q

K Nsg

A

Take oral w/ meals or full glass of water for GI irritation, IV should be diluted & given slowly

88
Q

Beta Blockers in Angina

A

*Decreased Oxygen demand (block-beta1 receptors in heart, *Increased oxygen supply (decrease arterial pressure[afterload]), *Goal tnage for HR is 50-60 to give med, prevent pain of stable angina (decreased HR & contractility), not used for varient angina,

89
Q

Clopidogrel Class/Tx

A

Anti-platelet/Unstable angina

90
Q

Clopidogrel AE

A

*Hemorrhage, abd pain, dyspnea, diarrhea, rash

91
Q

Clopidogrel Nsg

A

*monitor for bleeding, No in pregnancy, report weakness, HA, & dizziness, monitor heart rhythm for ST resolve

92
Q

Clopidogrel Contra

A

*intracranial hemorrhage, *active GI bleed, PUD

93
Q

Ramipril Class/Tx

A

ACE inhibitor/angina & STEMI

94
Q

Ramipril uses

A

promotes water loss, decreases volume which lowers preload & afterload

95
Q

Aspirin Class/TX

A

Antiplatelet/Angina

96
Q

Aspirin Nsg

A

*chew the first dose, watch for bleeding

Pharmacology 2 (5 decks)

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