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πŸ„ΌπŸ’Š CARDIO PATH/RX > pharm 10-14 AntiHTN Drugs > Flashcards

pharm 10-14 AntiHTN Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Hydralazine

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication (3)*
  • C: Adverse Effects (3)*
  • D: Contraindication*
  • D2: _____ can DEC* Hydralazine effectiveness
A

A: Arteriole Vasodilator

B:

  • Resistant HTN
  • Pregnancy HTN
  • Acute/Chronic [Mitral Regurgitation]

C:

  1. Tachycardia
  2. Angina exacerbation
  3. Fluid retention

D: CAD

D2: NSAIDs can DEC effectiveness

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2
Q

Chlorthalidone

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C:* Why are Thiazides often used in combination with antiHTN drugs that vasoDilate
A

A: Thiazide diuretic

B: [1st Line - Uncomplicated HTN]

C: Thiazides are often used in combination with antiHTN drugs that vasoDilate in order to counteract Adverse side effects of BP change in presence of vasodilation and volume contraction

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3
Q

Furosemide Indication

A

HTN in Severe Renal Insufficiency

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4
Q

Nifedipine

  • A: MOA (2)*
  • B: Indication (3)*
  • C: Side Effects (2)*
A

A:

  • [mild Ca+ channel blocker]
  • [Selective Vasodilator]

B:

*[1st Line - HTN]

*DM

*Hyperlipidemia

C:

(x) acute reflex tachycardia
(x) Peripheral Edema (from Arterial dilation being > than venous)

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5
Q

Verapamil

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: Side Effects (2)*
A

A: [Ca+ channel blocker]

B: [1st Line - HTN]

C:

  • Constipation (from anti-cholinergic effects)
  • Bradycardia
  • has greatest effect on heart out of the Non-dihydropyridines*
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6
Q

Clonidine

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: Adverse Effects (4)*
A

A: [Medullary Alpha 2 AGONIST]

B: [2nd Line - HTN]

C:

(x) Sedation
(x) Dry Mouth
(x) Contact Dermatitis with transdermal patch
(x) MUSTH DISCONTINUE SLOWLY TO PREVENT REBOUND HTN

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7
Q

Guanfacine

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
A

A: [Alpha 2 AGONIST]

B: [2nd Line - HTN]

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8
Q

Methyldopa

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: How does it affect Sympathetic Tone? What 3 things does Methyldopa prevent?*
  • D: Side Effect*
A

A: [Alpha 2 AGONIST]

B: Pregnancy HTN

C:

**DEC Sympathetic Tone but also competes for [DOPA Decarboxylase] –> prevents [L-Dopas Therapeutic affects], production of dopamine and [NorEpi/Epi in peripheral nerves]

D: SEDATION

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9
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication (2)*
  • C: How does this class of drugs work?*
A

A: [General Alpha BLOCKER]

B:

  • Rx for pheochromocytoma before surgery
  • HTN 2ΒΊ to pheochromocytoma

C: Blocks post-synaptic alpha receptors –> prevents VENOUS constriction

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10
Q

Prazosin

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: What are the other 2 Drugs similar to this tht are QD dosing?*
  • D: Side Effects (3)*
A

A: [Alpha 1 BLOCKER]

B: [2nd line - Chronic HTN]

C: [Terazosin / Doxazosin] which are dosed QD and

D:

  • hypOtension (postural and [occurs especially in 1st dose])
  • Beneficial DEC in [LDL/HDL ratio]
  • Fluid Retention
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11
Q

Terazosin

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: Drugs in this class have less ______ effects than ______ or __________*
A

A: [Alpha 1 BLOCKER]

B: [2nd line - Chronic HTN]

C: [Alpha 1 BLOCKERS] have [less tachycardia effects] than vasodilators or [general alpha blockers]

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12
Q

Doxazosin

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
A

A: [Alpha 1 BLOCKER]

B: [2nd line - Chronic HTN]

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13
Q

Nadolol

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication (2)*
A

A: [Beta BLOCKER]

B:

  • [Long term angina]
  • HTN
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14
Q

Pindolol

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication (2)*
A

A: [Beta-Blocker] with partial agonist activity at both B1 and B2 adrenergic Receptor

B:

  • Chronic HTN
  • [pts with symptomatic bradycardia or postural hypOtension]
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15
Q

Metoprolol

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication (2)*
  • C: Side Effects*
A

A: [Lipophilic B1 Blocker] (so may have central sympatholytic effect)

B:

  • HTN
  • Long Term Angina

C: CNS Side Effects - Insomnia

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16
Q

Atenolol

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
A

A: [Hydrophilic B1 Blocker] = NO CNS SIDE EFFECTS :-)

B: Chronic HTN

17
Q

Labetolol

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication (2)*
A

A: [Mixed alpha and beta BLOCKER tht’s Lipophilic]

B:

  • Chronic HTN
  • [1st choice- Pregnancy HTN]
18
Q

Carvedilol

  • A: MOA (2)*
  • B: Indication (2)*
A

A:

  • [Mixed alpha and beta Blocker]
  • NO generator (vasodilatory)

B:

*Chronic HTN

*[Compensated CHF]

19
Q

Minoxidil

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: Adverse Effects (3)*
A

A: VasoDilator

B: Resistant HTN

C:

  1. Tachycardia
  2. Angina exacerbation
  3. Fluid retention
20
Q

Nitroprusside

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: Adverse Effect*
A

A: VasoDilator

B: Acute HTN Crisis

C: can cause cyanide poisoning

21
Q

Captopril

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: Con for this specific Drug*
A

A: [ACEk2 inhibitor]

B: [1st line- Chronic HTN]

C: Requires BID dosing

22
Q

Enalapril

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication (2)*
  • C: Is converted into ______ in liver and has ____ (shorter./ longer) half-life ​*
A

A: [ACEk2 inhibitor]

B:

*[1st line- Chronic HTN]

*Heart Failure

C: Is converted into –> [Active metabolite enalaprilat] in liver and has longer half-life

23
Q

Lisinopril

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: Pros for this particular drug (2)*
  • D: Adverse Effects (3)*
A

A: [ACEk2 inhibitor]

B:

*[1st line- Chronic HTN]

C:

  • IS NOT A PRODRUG - and has more predictable onset and [duration of action] than Prodrugs.
  • Longer Half-Life

D:

(x) Hyperkalemia (especially when given w/ [K+ Sparing Diuretics])
(x) Dry cough
(x) Angioedema

D:

24
Q

Losartan

  • A: MOA*
  • B: Indication*
  • C: Side Effects*
  • D: Relation to [ACEk2 inhibitors] (2)*
A

A: [ARB - AT1](AT1 Receptor Blocker)

B: [1st line- Chronic HTN]

C: (x) Hyperkalemia

D: SAME Drug interactions and Contraindications as [ACEk2 inhibitors] but no cough or angioedema

25
Q

[T or F] One of the causes of aFib is Sustained HTN

A

TRUE

26
Q

A: Why do you use a Concomitant beta blocker, [ACEk2 inhibitor], or ARB

B: How does [Beta Blockers] interact with Thiazide Diuretics

C: Which is a better diurectic between [Loop Diuretics] and [Thiazide Diuretics] in normal renal pts? Explain why.

A

A: diminishes K+ loss by blunting the diuretic-induced rise in renin and aldosterone levels

B: INC Hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia

C: THIAZIDE DIURETICS! (Loop Diuretics cause rebound Na+ retention so instead, they’re reserved for refractory / [renal insufficiency] /CHF pts)

27
Q

[T or F] Loop Diuretics are often used alone for HTN

A

FALSE!

LOOP DIURETICS ARE NOT USED ALONE!

28
Q

Name the 3 HTN Drugs that are contraindicated with [K+ Sparing Diuretics - SEAT]

A

” ABA HATED her SEAT”

  1. ACEk2 inhibitors
  2. ARBs
  3. Beta Blockers
29
Q

Diltiazem is a _______ [L-type __ channel blocker] that reduces _______ AND _______

B: Side Effect

A

Diltiazem is a NON-Dihydropyridine [L-type Ca+ channel blocker] that reduces [Cardiac Output] AND [Peripheral Resistance]

B: Bradycardia

30
Q

A: Ca+ Channel blocker Relative Contraindication (2)

B: Ca+ Channel Blocker ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATION

C: What’s [Ca+ Channel Blocker] relation to MI

A

A: Pts with liver failure or taking [Beta Blockers]

B: Pts with SA/AV Node conduction disturbances

C: Patients taking short-acting [Ca+ channel blockers] were 1.6 times more likely to have MI !

31
Q

A: ______ is given in combination with diuretics and works by disrupting NorEpi vesicular storage.

B: Side Effects (4)

A

A: Reserpine is given in combination with diuretics and works by disrupting NorEpi vesicular storage.

B: Depression / Nasal Congetion / [Potentiates MAOIs] /[HTN crisis]

32
Q

Propranolol

A: MOA

B: Indications (2)

C: Side Effects

A

A: [General Beta Blocker]

B:

  • adjunct to prevent reflex tachycardia from tx with direct vasodilators,
  • compensatory sodium retention with diuretics

C: CNS - dependent side effects

33
Q

There is a class of BETA BLOCKERS that have the ability to VasoDilate. How do they do this? (2)

A
  1. increasing nitric oxide release
  2. blocking 􏰂[alpha adrenergic receptors]
34
Q

Beta Blocker group

Adverse Effects

A: All -6

B: [General beta blocker]

C: Lipophilic beta blocker]-3

D: Contraindications (4)

A

A: β€œBeta Blockers is Adverse for BETH In Hospitals β€œ

  1. Bradycardia
  2. Impotence sexually
  3. Triglyceride INC
  4. Heart Block
  5. Hyperglycemia (can mask [insulin-induced hypOglycemia] and (Hyperglycemia occurs less with cardioselective Bblockers),
  6. Exercise tolerance DEC (less so with 3rd generation drugs)

B: INC Airway reisstance

C: Insomnia / [Chronic Fatigue] / Depression

D: [Cardiogenic Shock] / [Sinus brady less than 55] / Asthma / [Severe Acute CHF](even though B-blockers are protective in compensated HF)

35
Q

A: Why should drugs that interfere with angiotensin II production NOT be given to [2nd/3rd trimester pregnant women]?

B: What other condition is [ACEk2 inhibitors] or ARBs contraindicated with?

C:

Other uses of [ACEk2 inhibitors] include…

  • prolong survival in pts with ______ or [____ dysfunction after MI]
  • preserves ______ function in patients with diabetes
A

A: Ang II is important in fetal renal development

B: Pt with [Bilateral renal stenosis] because their renal perfusion pressure depends mostly on [Angiotensin 2]

C: [ACEk2 inhibitors] do

  • prolong survival in pts with heart failure or [LV dysfunction after MI]
  • preserves renal function in patients with diabetes
36
Q

A: Losartan (ARBs) are less efficacious in patients of ______ descent when used as ______

A2: Which drugs are recommended as 1st line for this descent in Uncomplicated HTN? (2)

B: Why is it Good to administer [Ca+ Channel Blockers + ACEk2 inhibitors]

A

A: Losartan (ARBs) are less efficacious in patients of African descent when used as monotherapy

A2: Instead, Use [Ca+ Channel Blockers] or Diuretics in African Descent pts

B: CCBs can reduce fluid retention

37
Q

A: Which AntiHTN drugs are best safe for DM pts

B: Which AntiHTN drug is actually used for HTN prophylaxis in DM pts

A

A: have few adverse effects on carbohydrate metabolism ​

  • [ACEk2 inhibitors]
  • alpha-blockers,
  • CCBs

B: [ACEk2 inhibitors]

πŸ„ΌπŸ’Š CARDIO PATH/RX (22 decks)

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