PATH: 10-14 HTN Flashcards
A: 3 Ways to be diagnosed with Clinical HTN
B: The force needed to open Aortic valve is AKA _____
C: Define the HTN ranges (systolic / diastolic)
Normal
*Stage 1
*Stage 2
A:
- [140 / 90] or more
- [Greater than 90 Diastolic alone]
- Current Use of AntiHTN meds
* (1 and 2 has to occur on 2 or more office visits)*
B: The force needed to open Aortic valve is AKA Systolic Pressure
C:
Normal = 120/80
*Stage 1 = [140-159] / [90/99]
*Stage 2 = [GREATER THAN 160] / [GREATER THAN 100]
A: [EPiH- Essential Primary Idiopathic HTN] is _____ and _____[least/most] COMMON!
B: Secondary HTN can be caused by what 4 organ systems?
C: [White Coat HTN] is more common in what demographic?
A: [EPiH- Essential Primary Idiopathic HTN] (Etiology unknown) is Multifactorial and MOST COMMON!
B: Secondary HTN can be caused by a NERC [Renal / Endocrine / Cardiovascular / Neuro]
C: [White Coat HTN] is more common in [OLDER People]
A: [Malignant HTN] is _____ (rare/common) but can occur WITHOUT _______. What 3 demographics are most at risk?
B: Pathology
C: Clinical Metric
C2: Classic sx (6)
A: [Malignant HTN] is RARE but can occur WITHOUT preexisting HTN. More likely in:
- Younger
- Males
- Blacks
B: Mostly caused by Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis
C:
[BP > 200/120 with signs and sx]
C2: (HA / NV / Encephalopathy / [Retinal Papilledema] / Renal Failure)
A: Describe PseudoHTN
B: Dz’s that can cause this process (3)
A: Peripheral arteries become rigid from [advanced calcified arteriosclerosis]—> cuff has to be at a higher pressure to compress artery
B:
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Chronic Renal failure
- Peripheral Artery Disease
A: Describe Isolated Systolic HTN
B: Why is this a common thing?
A: Pt exhibiting Widened Pulse Pressure (Systolic greater than 140 but Diastolic less than 90)
B: Pulse pressure naturally widens as we age
A: Describe Resistant HTN
B: Name the common causes (5)
A: Pt is complying with a [3 Drug + Diuretic] Regimen and still has HTN
B: MENDE
- Measurement of BP Improperly
- Na+ intake Excess
- Diuretic tx inadequacy
- Medication problem (dose / drug action / drug interactions)
- EtOH Excess
A: Severe elevation in BP WITHOUT acute end-organ damage is a ________
B: Clinical Manifestation
C: Can send pt home with F/U if…. (3)
A: Severe elevation in BP WITHOUT acute end-organ damage is a [HTN Urgency]
B: [Greater than 180/120, usually with HA]
C: Can send home with F/U if….
- Confirmed pressure is responsive with [Fast acting Clonidine]
- Ur aware of the chronicity of the pt’s pressures
- U know the acute cause/pathology
A: Define [HTN EMERGENCY]
B: Tx (3)
C: Exceptions for when you don’t treat with these 3
A: Severe elevation in BP WITH acute end-organ damage!!
B: Tx
- IV esmolol in hospital
- DEC [Mean Arterial pressure] by no more than 10-20% in 1 hr and 20-25% in first 24 hours
- Transition to oral meds after target stabilizes
C:
- Dissecting Aneurysm – rapidly (20mins) lowered to 100-120 mmHg
- Acute phase of ischemic stroke – reperfusion candidates
A: Rate of Deflation for blood pressure cuff
B: Measuring BP in [R Arm] should be used for ______[initial measure/ verification] and is expected to be ___ mm Hg______than Left Arm]
C: For each ____ mmHg DEC in systolic BP—> 30% decrease risk of heart mortality
A: 2-3 mmHg per second
B: Measuring BP in [R Arm] should be used for VERIFICATION and is expected to be [10 mm Hg LESS or equal than Left Arm]
C: For each 10 mmHg DEC in systolic BP—> 30% decrease risk of heart mortality
A: Clinical Definition for [Cardiopulmonary Exercise]
B: Smoking Cessation 3 Step Plan
A: Heart rate to 120 bpm for at least 20 mins
B:
1. Address the Nicotine addiction
• NicoMne replacement : patch, gum, lozenge
2. Address Behavior
• Identify triggers and when ur smoking cigg to plan day around that
3. Address Muscle Memory
• Squeeze ball
Blood Pressure Goals for HTN Tx
Younger than 60
vs.
Older than 60
vs.
[DM or Chronic Renal Dz Pt]
- [DM or Chronic Renal Dz Pt]–> [less than 130 / 80]
- Younger than 60 yrs old –> [less than 140/90]
- Older than 60 yrs old —> [less than 150/90]
